Belli Ac Pacis (jurnal hukum internasional)
Modern international law in the last few decades has experienced very rapid development, this is characterized by the emerge of the State in a modern sense, as well as a legal system that regulates relations between countries and international legal entities with each other. Relations between countries are no longer limited by absolute sovereignty, for example in the case of war crimes, the international community could sue countries or even individuals to be responsible for these actions based on universal principles. Recently, State practices is shifting from the hard law legal system to soft law which can be an alternative solution in breaking the deadlock when international political compromises are difficult to realize. Various international law development shows that there is a need for the international community to form a legal system that is acceptable to all parties, especially the State as a subject of international law par excellence. Therefore, the Belli ac Pacis Journal presents the multifarious developments in contemporary international law as a study of current State practices. The Belli ac Pacis Journal encompasses Public International Law, International Law of the Sea, International Humanitarian Law, International Environmental Law, International Criminal Law, International Organizational Law, International Dispute Settlement Law, Diplomatic Law, Air and Space Law, International Trade Organization Law, ASEAN Law, and International Economic Law.
Articles
40 Documents
<![CDATA[PENERAPAN FORESEEABILITY OF HARM DAN PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE DALAM PENGATURAN SAMPAH PLASTIK SEBAGAI LAND-BASED SOURCE ]]>
<![CDATA[Susanto, Adori Raka]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.59992
<![CDATA[Marine pollution caused by plastic waste is regarded as a land-based sources type of marine pollution. The current regulation of land-based sources pollution, especially plastic waste is still too general and not effective. This legal research aims to analyze the existing international regulations regarding land-based pollution and how to implement the foreseeability of harm and precautionary approach principles for specific international arrangements regarding plastic waste pollution in the future. This article concludes that the application of the principle is important to ensure the effectiveness of the regulation regarding plastic waste, since the nature of the principle is to prevent.]]>
<![CDATA[YURISDIKSI INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) DALAM PENEGAKAN PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BERAT OLEH OMAR HASSAN AL-BASHIR DI DARFUR, SUDAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Oktaviana, Mega]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.59993
<![CDATA[The ICC is independent court that prosecutes serious crimes under article 5 Rome Statue and has jurisdiction of the State Parties. Omar Al-Bashir is alleged of comitting human rights violations in Sudan’s Darfur. However, the problem is that Sudan is not a state party of Rome Statue 1998. The purpose of this research is to find out does the ICC has jurisdiction to investigate and adjudicate human rights violations by Omar Al-Bashir in Darfur, Sudan. This research is prescriptive normative legal research. Type Legal materials include primary and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used is literature study and through research instrument. The results showed that the ICC as an international judicial institution has jurisdiction to investigate and adjudicate human rights violations by Omar Al-Bashir that occurred in Darfur, Sudan. However, Omar Al-Bashir’s status as head of state with immunity, the weak authority of the ICC in carrying out the arrest of Omar Hassan Al-Bashir, and the lack of cooperation between Sudan and state parties in carrying out the arrest of Omar Hassan Al-Bashir hampered the judicial process. The ICC has conducted an investigation, issued a warrant for arrest of Omar Hassan Al-Bashir and cooperated with Sudan so that Sudan agreed to hand Omar Hassan Al-Bashir over to the ICC for trial. The jurisdiction ICC to prosecute Omar Al-Bashir shows that perpetrators of serious human rights violations can still be tried wherever he is regardless their impunity. In addition, international cooperation is necessary in investigation and prosecution of crimes for the smooth of the judicial process.]]>
<![CDATA[KOMITMEN UNI EROPA DALAM PEMENUHAN PRINSIP NON-REFOULEMENT TERHADAP NEGARA-NEGARA ANGGOTA (Studi Kasus Krisis Pengungsi di Yunani Pascakebakaran Kamp Moria) ]]>
<![CDATA[Chrisella, Sharleen Dessyhana]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.59996
<![CDATA[One of the countries in Europe with the biggest refugee crisis is Greece and triggers the emergence of refoulement. The non-refoulement principle is an absolute form protection for a refugee and must be obeyed by all ratifying countries. On that basis, Greece needs an additional assistance from the European Union as a regional organization that houses most European countries. This study aims to explain the commitment of the European Union in fulfilling the principle of non-refoulement to the refugee crisis in Greece, especially after the fire incident at Camp Moria. This research is a normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The sources of legal materials used are based on 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees also the non-refoulement principle. The technique of collecting legal materials used is library research and analyzed through inductive analysis techniques. The results showed that the condition of the refugee crisis in Greece especially after the fire at Camp Moria was so alarming where the refugees are in danger of being refoulemented. In dealing with the refugee crisis that occurred in Greece, the European Union has tried to issue policies and decisions but the policies have not been implemented optimally.]]>
<![CDATA[PERAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DALAM MENEKAN PENGARUH EMISI SEKTOR PENERBANGAN TERHADAP LAJU PERUBAHAN IKLIM ]]>
<![CDATA[Pardede, Leony Marcha Rotua Cahaya]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.59997
<![CDATA[Aviation emission as a factor in increasing and distribution of Greenhouse Gasses emission is a contributor to climate change and are expected to increase from 3% to 15% in 2050 if no international standard precautions are applied. Therefore, there is a need for regulations to be put in place to control aviation emissions. This legal research aims to describe the role of international law in efforts to reduce emission from aviation sector, as well as the enforcement imposed on countries to control emissions. Using a legal approach, the author examines how the Chicago Convention, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement regulate aviation emissions. The results of this study indicate that aviation emission are regulated in two international regimes, namely the International Civil Aviation regime and the Climate Change Regime, but with the enactment of these two regimes, there is still an increase in aviation emissions from countries by the year 2019. Therefore, a new and more structured steps are needed to reduce emissions from the aviation sector.]]>
<![CDATA[THE LEGAL STATUS AND LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARDS CLIMATE REFUGEES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: A STUDY OF IOANE TEITIOTA CASE ]]>
<![CDATA[Fauziyah, Najla Nur]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68785
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the legal status of climate refugees in international law according to the Ioane Teitiota case and how international law in general protects climate refugees. This study is a normative legal research. The types of approach used are statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The legal materials of this study comprise of primary, secondary, and tertiery legal materials. In collecting data this study used the library research data collection technique. The analysis technique used is the inductive reasoning method. The results of this study reveal that the 1951 Refugee Convention is unable to accommodate climate refugees. However, UN Human Rights Committee in its reccomendation acknowledges the effects of climate change as one of the determining factor for the affected persons to seek asylum in other countries which triggers the enforcement of non-refoulement principle. The protection under international law towards climate refugees derive from state obligation to comply with the non-refoulement principle, ad hoc aids from other states influenced by Nansen Initiative’s Protection Agenda, and the tangible protections provided by UNHCR and its cooperation with local authorities.]]>
<![CDATA[URGENSI KESELAMATAN NAVIGASI PADA PENGANGKUTAN KOMODITAS DI JALUR PELAYARAN DI KAWASAN ASIA-PASIFIK ]]>
<![CDATA[Kusumo, Aji Setiyo]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68803
<![CDATA[This research aims to analyze the urgency of safety navigation procedures which play an important role in ensuring the safety of life at sea. Then, the author also analyzes the components of safety navigation procedures that have important role in the shipping sector in the Asia-Pacific Region. Where the level of intensity of shipping and international trade in the area is very high. This is normative research with a perspective using primary and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is a literature study which is equipped with a deduction technique to analyze the material. The results show that there are twelve navigation safety procedures that play an important role in ensuring the safety of life at sea. Where navigation safety procedures need to be understood, regulated, and further improved to improve efficiency, security and shipping safety. Therefore, navigational safety plays a very vital role in the field of transporting commodities at sea, especially in shipping lanes in the Asia-Pacific Region.]]>
<![CDATA[SECURITY OF CHINA’S WARSHIP AND COAST GUARD ON ILLEGAL FISHING ACTIVITIES OF CHINA FISHERMAN IN SOUTH CHINA SEA REVIEWED FROM UNCLOS 1982 AND PRINCIPLE NON INTERVENTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Ananda, Fauzan Rahmat]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.68804
<![CDATA[This research aims to determine the security of China’s warship and coast guard on illegal fishing activities of China fisherman in South China Sea reviewed from UNCLOS 1982 and principle nonintervention, with the background of various illegal fishing incidents in the South China Sea which are often protected by Chinese warships and coast guard. This research was normative legal with case approach and statute approach. The data used secondary data. The characteristic used prescriptive legal research. The techniques in the gathering of legal materials in this research was library research. This research uses deduction methods of analysis techniques, namely stemming from the rule of law and legal facts and then drawn into conclusions. From this research showed that the security of China’s warship and coast guard on illegal fishing activities of their fisherman is an act that is contrary to international law, as reviewed from UNCLOS 1982 and principle non-intervention. ]]>
<![CDATA[PENGGUNAAN CLUSTER BOMB PADA KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI SURIAH DITINJAU DARI HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Janges, Zakka Pranggapati]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68776
<![CDATA[This research aims to analyze the use of banned weapon, cluster bomb, in the armed conflict in Syria by studying the reason why the cluster bomb is banned from the historical, philosophical, and sociological point of view. Additionally, writer also analyze the most effective law enforcing mechanism to address the use of said weapon by Syria government. This is normative research utilizing both primary and secondary legal materials. The legal materials collecting technique is library research equipped with deduction technique to analyze the materials. The result show that the use of cluster bomb is prohibited for the said weapon violate the principle of international humanitarian law such as principle of distinction, proportionality, and military necessity. Hence, the use of cluster bomb by Syria government that cause civilian casualties is a war crime. Furthermore, the most effective law enforcing mechanism to address the use of cluster bomb by Syrian government is through United Nation Security Council Resolution whose content refer the issue to be resolved by ICC.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH PENERAPAN TOBACCO PLAIN PACKAGING ACT 2011 DI AUSTRALIA TERHADAP INVESTOR PRODUK TEMBAKAU ]]>
<![CDATA[Angelia, Ika Ratih]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 2 (2022): December 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i2.74532
<![CDATA[Permasalahan tembakau di Australia merupakan penyebab kematian dan penyakit yang tertinggi di Australia. Sehingga pemerintah Australia melakukan strategi untuk menurunkan jumlah perokok melalui penerapan Tobacco Plain Packaging Act (TPP Act) 2011. Namun, dalam permberlakuan TPP Act 2011 ini, Australia tidak memerhatikan kepentingan investor yang mengakibatkan pelanggaran beberapa ketentuan Hukum Internasional yaitu The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1883 dan Trade Related Aspect of Intelectual Property Right (TRIPS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, yang kemudian bahan-bahan ini dianalisis dan ditarik kesimpulan dari analisis bahan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TPP Act 2011 yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Australia mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan antara rezim Hukum Lingkungan Internasional dan Hukum Investasi Internasional. Karena pemerintah Australia dinilai tidak adil dan melakukan diskriminasi terhadap investor produk tembakau.]]>
<![CDATA[PENERAPAN ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS SEBAGAI LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN DIAJUKANNYA SENGKETA KE PENGADILAN ASING DALAM ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Sant, Cynitiya Scandi]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.74409
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan penerapan anti-suit injunctions sebagai langkah pencegahan diajukannya sengketa ke pengadilan asing dalam arbitrase internasional yang berdasarkan dengan prinsip hukum umum, New York Convention, dan UNCITRAL Model Law. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersumber pada bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, serta menggunakan metode pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan teknik analisis data logika deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, permohonan anti-suit injunctions dipengaruhi oleh seat of arbitration (lex loci arbitri) dan exclusive jurisdiction dari perjanjian arbitrase antar-para pihak, disertai dengan pendapat para ahli hukum dari kasus terdahulu. Penerapan anti-suit injunctions juga dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana hukum suatu negara yang mengatur perjanjian antar-para pihak. Sehingga, setiap yurisdiksi negara memiliki pertimbangan dan putusan yang berbeda dalam memberikan permohonan anti-suit injunctions. Penelitian ini menganalisis permohonan anti-suit injunctions melalui studi kasus yang dibandingkan dari empat yurisdiksi yang berbeda di bawah sistem hukum common law dan civil law yaitu yurisdiksi Inggris berdasarkan kasus UAU v. HVB; yurisdiksi Amerika Serikat berdasarkan kasus CitiBank, N.A. v. Mazza; yurisdiksi Rusia berdasarkan kasus UralTransMash v. Pojazdy Szynowe PESA Bydgoszcz SA; dan yurisdiksi Republik Rakyat Cina berdasarkan kasus Xiaomi v. Inter Digital, Inc. ]]>
