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Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan (Journal of Soil Science and Environment)

jtanah
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 14107333 EISSN : 25492853 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan merupakan media yang menyajikan artikel mengenai hasil penelitian dan telaah perkembangan mutakhir dalam bidang ilmu tanah, air, dan ilmu lingkungan sebagai bahan kajian utama.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Tanah

Articles 299 Documents

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PENINGKATAN IKATAN P DALAM KOLOM TANAH GAMBUT YANG DIBERI BAHAN AMELIORAN TANAH MINERAL DAN BEBERAPA JENIS FOSFAT ALAM W. Hartatik; Komarudin Idris; Supiandi Sabiham; Sri Djuniwati; J. Sri Adiningsih
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 6 No 1 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Peat soils have very low capacity in retaining P. Mineral soils rich in Fe could be used as ameliorant in increasing this capacity. The aim of this experiment was to study the use of three rock phosphates and SP-36 on peat amended with mineral soil in increasing P retention. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Centre for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor. P treatments consist of four P fertilizer sources including Morocco rock phosphate, Christmas rock phosphate, Ciamis rock phosphate, and SP-36, and three P level (50, 100 and 200% of P sorption) plus partial and complete control in 2 replications. The experiment conducted in the soil column made from PVC pipe 4 inches in diameter. The column was filled with 1,250 g peat dry weight (10.5 oC), 250 g of which was amended with mineral soil and each of three rock phosphates or SP-36, and put on as the upper part of the column and incubated for 4 weeks. Leaching was conducted every day, with 50 cc distilled water for 12 days. The filtrate was collected in 500 cc Erlenmeyer glass, and soluble P was analyzed. After this step peat in the colu~nnw as divided into seven depth that was 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 and 50-60 cm, then P-Bray I was analyzed. The results showed that the application of Morocco and Ciamis rock phosphates on peat amended with mineral soil after leaching, resulting in the accumulation of P on the upper layers, suggesting that P retention on peat was increased such that P loss could be reduced. The ratio of P content in the soil column at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth for Morocco rock phosphate on the dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.54; 1.90; and 2.79, respectively, and that for Ciamis rock phosphate were 1.64; 1.76 and 4.11, respectively. The application of Christmas rock phosphate resulted in P accumulation at 30-40 cm depth. The ratio of P content in soil column treated with Christmas rock phosphate at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth on dosages of 50, 100 and 200% of P sorption were 1.05; 1.11 and 1.38, respectively, suggesting that P was leached to the bottom layer. It seems that high Fe in Christmas rock phosphate did not contribute to an increase of P retention. Although the application of SP-36 resulted in P accumulation at the upper layers, P leaching was higher. Keywords: Amelioration, Peat, Phosphorus fertilization, Phosphorus retention

PENENTUAN STATUS DAYA DUKUNG LAHAN DALAM PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI DAERAH PERTANIAN SAYURAN DENGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS, STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN SAMARANG, GARUT, JAWA BARAT Baba Barus
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 6 No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

An index for labor absorption capacity of an agricultural cropping system requires worker number from direct activities and non-direct activities in a field The number of workers from direct activities can be generated from landmanagement (ploughing, fertilization, weeding, etc), meanwhile, the number of workers from non-direct activities such as transportation of manure and product, has to include a distance effect. A distance of a farm from a collection point, where agricultural facilities distributed, contributes to the number of workers required for carrying such products or fertilizers.To calculate a distant effect to absorption capacity is hampered by difficulty in measuring of farm distance in a field,which implies it is rarely found such proper data in producing a labor absorption capacity. GIS as a spatial technology has the capability to produce such as distance effect. This research demonstrated the use of GIS in producing labor absorption capacity index and map of status labor absorption in Samarang sub-district, where several intensive agricultural activities such as paddy, vegetable and perfume grass crops were found The map could be used to understand indirectly the economic situation of the area. Keywords: Cropping system, distance, GIS, labor absorption capacity, Samarang sub-district

ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS BAKTERI ASIDOFILIK PENGOKSIDASI BESI DAN SULFUR DAR! EKOSISTEM AIR HITAM DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH Nurseha Nurseha; Gunawan Djajakirana
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 6 No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

The acidophilic iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the black water ecosystem, an 'extreme' ecosystem affected indirectly or directly by peatland Isolation and selection were done on minimal media (liquid and solid). All selected strain of bacteria (BB 179, OM 349, AH 41, TB 23, TB 27, TP 3, NN 323, and SI 188) were identified as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biooxidation and bio-leaching tests were accomplished using the isolated bacteria. The results showed the capability of the isolated bacteria to oxidize ferrous-salt and to leach the low qualities of sulfide ores. Keywords: Acidophilic, bioleaching, biooxidation, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

NILAI MUATAN TITIK NOL (MTN) DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN ERAPAN KALIUM PADA TANAH GAM BUT PANTAI JAMBI DAN KALIMANTAN TENGAH R. Purnamayani; Supiandi Sabiham; Sudarsono .; L. K. Darusman
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 6 No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

One of the important chemical aspects of peatland management which has not been paid attention to is Zero Point of Charge (ZPC). By determining soil ZPC value, the sorption and bounding of cations can be estimated in certain pH.value. Low of Potassium (K) is one of the other problems of peatland This nutrient is easily leaching from peat because of the weakness bounding. This research is aimed to determine ZPC value and maximum sorption of K of the coastal peats of Jambi and Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sap ric, hemic, and fabric. The location of this research is in Soil Chemical and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture IPB Bogor, from September 2000 - March 2001. Soil samples were taken from two areas, Lagan (Jambi) and Samuda (Central Kalimantan). The determinations of K maximum sorption was carried out on 4 pH level as treatments (0.25 point below and above pHZPC. 0.50 point above pHZPC and at pHZPC. It was concluded that ZPC value of coastal peats of Jambi with decomposition degrees of sapric was 5.01, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.13, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.56, while coastal peats of Central Kalimantan with decomposition degrees of sapric was 4.25, decomposition degrees of hemic was 4.28, and decomposition degrees of fibric was 4.48. Jambi peat with sapric decomposition level has the lowest K maximum sorption at Zpc. In contrast, Central Kalimantan peat with sapric decomposition level has the highest K maximum sorption. Keywords: Peat, potassium, sorption, ZPC

Relationship Between Exchangeable Alumunium and Phosphorus Sorption Parameters of Indonesian Acid Soils Arief Hartono
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 6 No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

In acid soils, phosphorus (P) sorption is generally attributed to hydrous oxides of Fe and Aluminum (Al) particularly in tropical soils with low pH. However, reports concerning the role of exchangeable Al in P sorption mechanism are very little. Phosphorus (P) sorption isotherms were studied in fifteen acid upland soils containing different amounts of exchangeable Al. P sorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation. which was used to determine P sorption maxima and bonding energies, with r values ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. The soils varied widely in their capacities to sorb P. P sorption maxima ranged from 303 to 1,429 mg kg-1 (mean 627 mg kg-1) and bonding energies from 0.65 to 8.00 L mg-1 (mean 2.39 L mg-1). Exchangeable AI was found not correlated with P sorption maxima (r = -0.11) but significantly correlated with P bonding energies (r = 0.68**). This was clearly shown by clayey soils from Java and Sumatra but not in sandy soils from Kalimantan. The results suggested that in general, the reaction of exchangeable Al with P increased P bonding energy but exchangeable Al was not the main component in P sorption maximum. Keywords: Exchangeable Al, P bonding energy, P sorption maximum

The Potency of Azotobacter spp.Isolated from Tidal Land of South Kalimantan to Produce Indole Acetic Acids (IAA) Fakhrur Razie; Anas Iswandi
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Tidal land area is considered as the most frigile ecosystems. To open this area as agricultural land has to be donecarefully. To reduce the risk of declining the environmental quality of tidal swa,,!p area due to the agricultural activity, lhearea should be managed properly and Wisely especially when using agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. Inrelation to this, the use of biofertilizer such as Azotobacter spp, a nitrogen fIXing bacterium and IAA producer, might beimportant thingfor this area.The aims of this experiments was to study the ability of Azotobacter isolated from rice' rhizophere grown in tidalswamp area of South Kalimantan, in producing IAA to stimulate the growth of roots of rice cultivar I R-64. The parametersused to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter inoculation were the increase of the surface area of root, length of roots, totallength of roots, fresh, dry weight of rice IR-64 roots and the growth of root hairs.The results showed that Azotobacter produced less IAA in the media containing Urea (18.28-35.54 ppm IAA) comparedto Azotobacter grown in media without Urea (33.89 - 42.01 ppm IAA). Azotobacter T.M. UNST.3 produced the highest IAA(42.01 ppm), therefore they were able to increase the surface of roots, increase the length and weight of roots of rice cultivarIR-64 compared to other Azotobacter strains. In media containing Urea, Azotobacter RG 3.62 produced the least IAA (/8.29 ppm IAA) compared to other Azotobacter strains. However, this particular Azotobacter strain was able to increase the surface area of root, increased the number of root hairs compared to other strains.

The Rate of S-Element Transformation to Sulfate on Three Kinds of Soils With and Without Addition of Organic Matter H Muhammad; S Sabiham; A Rachim; H Adijuwana
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Defiency of sulfur were found at many areas of farming in Indonesia. The aim of this experiment was to Icnow the rate ofS-element tranformation to sulfate on three kinds of soil without and added of organic matter. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Design with factorial pattern consist of two factors and two replications. The first factor is kinds of soil, i.e. Udic Haplusters, Typic Haplustepts, and Oxyaquic Udipsamment. The second factor is dosage of S-element consist offive levels i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg kg"'. Experiment was arranged in two groups, i.e. without and added 1% of organic matter treatment. Sulfate of each treatment was extracted every ten days by Ca(H]PO.J] content of 500 mg kg"' Pand measured by spectrophotometer on A 432 nm. The result showed that the rate of transformation of S-element to sulfate is significantly affected by kind of soil, S-element dosage, and their interaction. That transformation was on the increase by increasing of time incubation, but the oxidized S persentage was on decrease with an increase of S-element dosage. Addition of organic matter accelerated ransformation of S-element to sulfate on the first stage and decreased with an increase of time incubation.

Phonska Fertilizer Leaching and Its Effect on Spinach Growth and Productivity (Amaranthus tricolor. L) on Latosol with Different Clay Content Ima Sandra Primanti; Oteng Haridjaja
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Sufficient available water in soil is very essential for plant growth, not only as a nutrient solvent but also to maintainoptimal turgor pressure. Occasionally, additional water supply from irrigation is necessary to achieve optimal soil water,:ondition. The aim of this research was to study leaching of several nutrients correlated to the growth and productivity ofspinach. PHONSKA fertilizer as a source of nutrients was applied to Latosols Darmaga having different clay content. Thetreatments were subjected to different level of water supply resulting in different soil moisture regime. Factorial completelyrandomized design was used for the experiment; the first factor was clay content. Clay content was differentiated between 81% clay (very fine clayey) and 51 % clay (fine clayey). The secondfactor was level of water supply (100, 120, 140 and 160 % ofwater holding capacity).The result of this research showed that the interaction between clay content and amount of water supplied significantlyinfluenced rate of N, P and K leaching, the sum of leached water and also produced plant biomass (P

PENGARUH VALENSI KATION DALAM RUANG-ANTAR LAPISAN VERMIKULIT TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA ALUMINIUMHIDROKSIVERMIKULIT Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Aluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific characteristics such as wide specific surface area, high basal spacing, and stable at significant high temperature. The AHS was produced from smectite and polymer aluminumhydroxy. In the industrial sector, this product can be used as cracking-catalyst, absorber, and molecular sieve up to 500°C. A similar product can be constructed from vermiculite, and the aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite (AHV) is predicted to have better thermal stability than AHS due to a higher charge density of vermiculite that adsorbs more aluminumhydroxy than that of smectite.Related to the above background the objectives of the research were to study the effects of cation valence in the interlayer space of vermiculite using Li and Ml ions in the formation process and the chemical characteristics of AHV. Li and Mg-vermiculites with different particle sizes are reacted with polymer aluminum-hydroxy' at 100 °C temperature. Solution of 2% Locron was used as a source of aluminum-hydroxy. The products were characterized by chemically and mineralogica/~v. The chemical characteristic includes total chemical analysis, whereas the mineralogical characteristic comprises basal spacing identification that was measured with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicated that the AHV produced from Li-vermiculite showed peaks of 1.86 nm and 1.41-1.45 nm with increasing intensity of the 1.86 nm peaks as the particle size was finer. The AHV produced from Mg-vermiculite showed only a peak of 1.45 nm, whereas the 1.84 nm peak can on~v be identified as a shoulder. The AHV with a peak of 1.86 nm (AHV-I.86) can keep its basal spacing to 1.68 nm after 3 hours of heating at a temperature of 700°C, whereas the AHV-I.45 nm shrinkages to 1.10/0.98 nm at the same treatments. Chemical analysis showed that the inter/oyer space of the AHV-I.86 consists of more aluminum-hydroxy than that of the AHV-I.45. Ratio o(OH/AI o(the interlayer aluminum-hydroxy in the AHV-1.86 was 2.57, whereas that of the AHV-1.45 was 2.40. Keywords: Aluminum hydroxy-smectite, aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite, a pillared clay, polymer aluminumhydroxychloride, smectite. vermiculite

Population Dynamics of Microarthropods (Oribatida and Collembola) in Rainfed Paddy Field Ecosystem in Pati, Central Java Rahayu Widyastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

A study on population dynamics of microarthropods (oribatids and collembolans) in rainfed paddy field ecosystem inPati, Central Java was undertaken with the aim to evaluate which group of soil microarthropods that dominated in each phase of rain fed paddy field. The soil fauna was collected using a soil corer of20 cm diameter to a depth of 0-15 cm, every 30 days.In the fallow, soil fauna was sampled from 4 randomized points per plot, meanwhile in the rice field phases (dry seeded rice and transplanted rice), it was sampled from 4 randomized points in the fields and in the bunds, respectively. per plot. Soil microarthropods in each season were then extracted in a Berlese funnel extractor.During the fallow phase, the dominant soil microarthropods were Oribatida of the Acari (1200 individual m,l) andsome groups of Collembola, namely Hypogastruridae (/200 individual m:2), Entomobryidae (500 individual m,l) andIsotomidae (620 individual m,2), meanwhile Sminthuridae of Collembola did not appear in this phase. In the rice phase,however, Sminthuridae of the Collembola occurred in high numbers, i.e., 860 individual m,2 (field) and 6/0 individual m,l(bund).Regarding the population dynamics of soil microarthropods in rainfed paddy field, we can assumed that oribatids and some groups of collembolans (Hypogastruridae, Entomobryidae and Isotomidae) play an important role in improving the nutrient availability during the fallow phase. meanwhile the Sminthuridae of collembolan seemed to play such role in the rice field phase. more than the other soil microarthropods.

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