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Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan (Journal of Soil Science and Environment)

jtanah
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 14107333 EISSN : 25492853 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan merupakan media yang menyajikan artikel mengenai hasil penelitian dan telaah perkembangan mutakhir dalam bidang ilmu tanah, air, dan ilmu lingkungan sebagai bahan kajian utama.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Tanah

Articles 301 Documents

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The Effect of Organic Matter (Centrosema pubescens) and Rock Phosphate Application on the Activity of Phosphatase and P Fraction of Latosol Soil in Darmaga, Bogor S Djuniwati; H.B Pulunggono; Suwarno .
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 1 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

One of the problems of acid soils such as Latosol is very low in P-availabi/ity due to high P-j'vcation in those soils. Sincesoils is deficiency of P, adaptation of plants and microorganisms to overcome deficiency of P in soil is by producing phosphatase. Phosphatase. is an enzyme that able to catalize transformation of organic P to inorganic P, and produced by plant roots, residual of plants and microorganisms. Organic mailer as a source of P besides N and energy formicroorganisms, and then rock phosphate as an alternative P fertilizer were used in this research. The objective of theresearch was to study the effect of organic matter (Centrocema pubescent) and rock phosphate application on phosphataseactivity and P fraction of Latosol soil from Darmaga, Bogor. The experiment was designed by completely randomized designwith two factors and three replications. The first factor was application of organic matter with the rate of 0, 2.5, and 5 %, and the second factor was application of rock phosphate with the rate of 0, 20, and 40 ppm P. Soil equivalent to four hundred grams of oven dried soil, organic matter, and rock phosphate were mixed based on the treatments of the experiment, and were placed in plastic pots, and then were incubated for 8 weeks period After incubation period, the soil were air dried and analyzed for phosphatase activity, available P, and organic and inorganic P. The result showed that organic mailer increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, organic and inorganic-P of soil. On the other hand, rocle phosphate increased inorganic P but decreased activities of acid phosphatase,. Application of organic matter or rock phosphate on activity of acid phosphatase was higher (2.3-2.6 times) than on alkaline phosphatase. There was no effect of combinationbetween organic matter and rock phosphate on the activity of phosphatase and organic/inorganic P. Combination betweenorganic matter and rock phosphate Significantly affected available P. In each rates of rock phosphate given, the increasing rate of organic matter increased available P in their interactions, on the contrary, in each rates of organic matter, the increasing rate of rock phosphate did not affect available P in their interactions. However it was tended to decrease in therate of 40 ppm P.

Potential and Possibility of Direct Use of Guano as Fertilizer in Indonesia Suwarno .; Komaruddin Idris
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 1 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Guano is a material originally from sea bird or bat excrement. This material is an important source of P fertilizerduring nineteenth century and the early part of twentieth century. The development of artificial fertilizers and the depletion of guano deposits in Peru caused guano negligibled from world fertilizers trading. Recently, guano appeared in fertilizers trading and sciencetific publications again due to the development of organic farming and increasing the price of energy sources for fertilizer manufacture. Based on its origin, guano is classified into sea bird and bat guanos; and based on its composition guano is grouped into nitrogenous dan phosphatic guanos. Moreover, guano deposits are divided into two types: cave guano and insular guano deposits. The main component of guano is N, P, and Ca elements, and the additional elements are K, Mg, and S. Both nitrogenous and phosphatic guanos are important organic fertilizers because the N content of nitrogenous guano and the P content of phosphatic guano are far higher than those of manure, agricultural waste, or muniCipal waste. In Indonesia guano deposits are widely distributed in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusatenggara, and Irian Jaya. The most deposits are cave guano deposits which contain thousands to hundred thousands tons of guano.Consequently, it is highly potential to develop direct use of guano in our country. Futhermore, results of experiments indicated that phosphatic guano has high possibility to be used directly as P fertilizer.

Alleviating an Acid Sulfate Soil Cultivated to Rice (Oryza sativa) Using Ground Magnesium Limestone and Organic Fertilizer Totok Suswanto; J Shamshuddin; S.R Syed Omar; Peli Mat; C.B.S Teh
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 1 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Rice yield on acid sulfate soils in Malaysia is very low, presumably due to AI and/or Fe toxicity. This study wasconducted to ameliorate an acid sulfate soil in the Kemasin-Semerak Integrated Agricultural Development Project, located in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, for rice cultivation. Rice variety, MR 219, was used as the test crop. Treatment included the use of various rates of ground magnesium limestone (GML), with or without an organic fertilizer. This acid sulfate soil had an initial pH of < 3.5 at depth below 45 cm. Exchangeable AI in the soil was high, especially in the subsoil. The first crop of rice was disturbed by floods. The result for the 2"d crop showed a promising trend; applying 4 t GMUha in combination with an organicfertilizer, the topsoil pH had increasedfrom 3.95 to 4.21, increasing the exchangeable Ca and Mgfrom 1.58 and 0.48 cmol/kg soil to 2.57 and O. 79 cmol/kg soil, respectively. In this treatment, the rice yield was 7.5 tlha, which was much higher than that produced by farmer's practice of about 2 tlha. The increase in yield was due to the combined effects of increasing pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg and of lowering AI and Fe concentration in the soil solution.

Agricultural Land Conversion and Land Use Change Dynamics in North Bandung Area Agus Ruswandi; Ernan Rustiadi; Kooswardhono Mudikdjo
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Agricultural land conversion is considered as one of an important issus in the developing areas. In spite of theimportance of informations on the quantity and the rate of land conversion as the basis of formulating the agricultural landconversion policy, those informations are limited. This research was conducted at Lembang and Parongpong Sub-District,Bandung District. The objectives of research are to identify the rate of agricultural land conversion and to measure thedynamic change of land use. Land use in 1992 and 2002 was evaluated by interpretating the result of 1992 and 2002 landsatimage using Geographic Information System (GIS) program. Shift Share analysis was conducted to know the dynamic changeof land use. Results of the study indicated that land conversion at Lembang and Parongpong Sub-District during the period of1992-2002 (ten years) about 3,134.49 ha (25%) or 313.5 ha (2,96%) per year. Forestland reduced the most, from 5,470 ha in 1992 to 1,746 ha in 2002 or reduced about 3,732.12 ha (68%) in ten years. While area of the bush was increased about2,780.20 ha (1,326%) during the same period, from 210 ha in 1992 to 2,990 ha in 2002. Low land was decreasedfrom 252 hain 1992 to 95 ha in 2002, up land was decreased from 3,856 ha in 1992 to 2,736 ha in 2002, mix farming was increasedfrom2,491 ha in 1992 to 4,358 ha in 2002, resettlement was increased from 359 ha in 1992 to 1,612 ha in 2002, bare wasdecreasedfrom 1,115 ha in 1992 to 217 ha in 2002, lake was decreasedfrom 52 ha in 1992 to 50 ha in 2002.

Soil Moisture Characteristics on Several Soil Types Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro; Suria Darma Tarigan
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Soil water availability is one of the important factors injluencing plant growth. Soil that can store more water in alonger time can support a better plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of soil water of four differentsoils with different characteristics. Four soils classes are clayey textured soils-Red Yellowish Podsolik Jasinga, Clayeytextured soils-Latosol Darmaga, . Sandy Textured soil-Regosol Sindang Barang, and highly organic mater content soi/sAndosolSukamantri. The result showed that at every-suction analyzed, Andosol Sukamantri had consistently highest watercontent while Regosol Sindang Barang was consistently lowest. Similar tendency wasfoundfor available water capacity. Theresult also showed that moisture content at Regosol decrease more rapidly than those of the other three soils. The time need to reach likely constant moisture content is variable with soil type; lowest at Regosol Sindangbarang (45 hours after completely saturated and drained) followed by Podsolik Jasinga (73 hours), Latosol darmaga (74 hours) and Andosol Sulcamatri (76 hours).

Isolation, Carriers Selection and Inoculum Formulation of Thiobacillus spp. Fahrizal Hazra; Enny Widyati
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

One of problems in international trading of coal is high content of suljur. B iodesuljuration of coal using Thiobacillusspp is recognized as the most environmentally friendly to reduce the content. This research was aimed to collect and to isolateThiobacillus spp from coal, acid mine drainage, ex-coal mining soil and agriculture soil, on selected media. Colonies growingon the media were re-isolated for further characterization to find the most similar to Thiobacillus spp. In this experiment, the selected isolate (5, J 0, 20, 50, and J 00 ml) was cultured in 100 g of coal dust, rice husk charcoal, wood charcoal, andactivated charcoal, to find an appropriate inoculum for coal desulJuration. To observe their survival rate, they were reisolated onto 10 ml Thiobacillus broth medium. The re-isolations were observed at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation. The results showed that ThiobaciIlus spp was found only in acid mine drainage. After characterization, the isolates were strongly similar to Thiobacillusferrooxidans. The most proper inoculum was 100 ml culture ofThiobacillus in 100 g rice husk charcoal. It had 100% survival rate after 20 days cultured in that carrier.

Water Saving for Paddy Cultivation Under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Eastern Indonesia Mohammad Hasan; Shuichi Sato
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) developed in Madagascar in 1980s is a revolutionary new idea for paddycultivation to increase yields with reduced external resources. Basic idea of SRI originally proposed (Basic SRI) is to applycombination of (a) transplanting of young seedlings with wider spacing and (b) intermittent irrigation during vegetativegrowth period Further, application of organic fertilizers without use chemicals has practiced as "Organic SRI" as an idealapproach to improve soil and to produce high quality rice. Over the past fIVe years, a Japan-funded irrigation project inEastern Indonesia executing by the Directorate General of Water Resources, the Ministry of Public Works has introduced SRIand assessed it's potential to reduce demandfor irrigation water while rewardingfarmers with higher production and incomes.This paper reports on on-farm comparative evaluations conducted over 9 seasons between 2002 and 2006 across 8 provincesunder DISIMP. It summarizes the results of 12,133 comparison trials that covered a total area of 9,429 hectares. Averageyield increase was 78% (3.3 tlha) with reductions of 40% in water use, 50% in fertilizer applications, and 20% in the costs ofproduction. As a conclusion, SRI practices can achieve significantly higher output of rice with a reduction in inputs, enhancingsimultaneously the productivity of the resources (land, labor, water and capital) used in irrigated rice production. Theeconomic attractiveness of SRI methods is very great, giving farmers strong incentive to accept water-saving as new norm forirrigated rice production.

Farmer Innovations Improving the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Norman Uphoff
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 9 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), assembled in Madagascar over a 20-year period and gaining applicationinternationally since 2000, enables farmers to raise their irrigated rice production substantially just by making changes in theway they manage their plants, soil, water and nutrients, rather than by increasing inputs such as fertilizer, water oragrochemicals. Getting more output with less cost enhances profitability. This result is quite unprecedented, as discussed inpaper accompanying this one. SRI is not considered by its proponents as a technology; and by not presenting it to farmers asa set technology, this opens SRI up to many adaptations and innovations by farmer-users, who often but not always arecollaborating with NGO or government staff in a collaborative manner. This paper reports on a number of the innovations thathave been made in SRI practices, demonstrating bothfarmer capabilities and the advantages of engagingfarmers as partnersin an ongoing process of participatory development. The companion paper which considers SRI as a system for innovationoffers a more 'macro' view of SRI spread that complements this more 'micro' perspective.

The Effect of Calcium Silicate on The Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics of Andisols Lembang West Java Arief Hartono
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 10 No 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

The effect of calcium silicate CaSiOJ the phosphorus (P) sorption characteristics were studied in Andisols Lembang.The amount of 0, 2.5 and 5% CaSiOJ (calcium silicate) or 0, 7.5 and 15 g calcium silicate per pot was added to the 300 g(oven-dry weight) soil and incubated for one month. A completely randomized design in double replication was set up. After one month incubation, P sorption and P sorption kinetic experiments were conducted The results of P sorption experiment showed that P sorption data were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation. which was used to determine P sorption maxima, bonding energies and P sorbed at 0.2 mg P £"' (standard P requirement). The application of calcium silicate did not affect significantly P sorption maxima but decreased significantly the P bonding energies. Calcium silicate also decreased significantly the standard P requirements. As for P sorption kinetic experiment. the results showed that application of 5% calcium silicate decreased significantly the rate constant of P sorption and P sorbed maximum at given amount of added P. The results suggested that the application of calcium silicate to the Andisols made added P was more available for plant.

Application of Fuzzy Sets Function for Land Attributes Mapping Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 10 No 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

A study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping thebiophysical resources of watershed PC-based GIS soft-wares were used in the analysis, processing and mapping of spatialdata. The conventional mapping technique that presents land attribute in form of polygon with abrupt change across classboundaries was improved using Fuzzy technique. This technique involves the generation of membership maps for each soiltype based on the relationship between the soil type and it's forming factors like geology, elevation, slope gradient, slopeaspect, slope curvature, and land cover. The fuzzy technique was found to be more appropriate than the conventionaltechnique of mapping in expressing continuous and gradually changing soil or land attributes. Validation with observed soilor land attributes values indicated that root mean square error (RMSE) obtained for Fuzzy method was lower than that fromthe conventional method

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