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Biological and molecular variability among PStV (peanut stripe virus) strains isolated from various peanut growing areas in Indonesia was studied based on their pathogenicity and coat protein genes. Six strains of PStV causing different types of symptoms on peanut leaves were used to study biological and molecular variability among these strains. Biological variability of the PStV strains was evaluated based on their pathogenicity on peanut cultivars, Gajah and Landak. While analysis of the coat Hasriadi Mat Akin; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Rusmilah Suseno
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Biological and molecular variability among PStV (peanut stripe virus) strains isolated from various peanut growing areas in Indonesia was studied based on their pathogenicity and coat protein genes. Six strains of PStV causing different types of symptoms on peanut leaves were used to study biological and molecular variability among these strains. Biological variability of the PStV strains was evaluated based on their pathogenicity on peanut cultivars, Gajah and Landak. While analysis of the coat protein gene was used to study the molecular variability of PStV strains. Based on their pathogenicity, six PStV strains could be grouped into three groups, medium, strong, and very strong strains. Analysis of a coat protein gene showed the variability of the PStV strains were 0-2.1percent based on nucleotide sequence and 0-1.4percent based on predicted amino acid sequence. There was no correlation between biological and molecular variability.

Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godh) Filipjev. & Stekhoven is one of the importantplantparasitic nematodes that attacked root of patchouli and the causal of mot necrosis, growth retardation, reddish or yellowish leaf: A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the level of resistant of six patchouli cultivars, those were wide planted in Sumatera against P. brachyurus, and to determine the effect of population level of the nematodes on three dzrerent resistance patchouli. Six patchouli cultivars were Rina Sriwati; Meity S. Sinaga; Abdul Muin Adnan' Ika Mustika
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godh) Filipjev. & Stekhoven is one of the importantplantparasitic nematodes that attacked root of patchouli and the causal of mot necrosis, growth retardation, reddish or yellowish leaf: A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the level of resistant of six patchouli cultivars, those were wide planted in Sumatera against P. brachyurus, and to determine the effect of population level of the nematodes on three dzrerent resistance patchouli. Six patchouli cultivars were inoculated with 200 nematodes& soil. Based on reproduction index the cultivar of Seulimum Putih, Pidie and Sidikalang known as susceptible ones Tapaktuan and Seulimum Merah was moderate resistant and Girilaya was resistant. Furthermore, the effect of population levels of P. brachyurus (0, 100, 200 and 800 nematodes& soil) on three patchouli cultivars showed that 200 nematodeskg soil population caused significant effect on reduced shoot and weight root and plant height on susceptible cultivars, howevec on the moderat resistant and resistant cultivar the signifcance effect occurred at 800 nematodeslkg soil. The reproduction factors on three patchouli cultivars were decreased with the increased of population nematodes level. me oil and chlorophyll content have been decreased on the infectedpatchouli cultivars atfive month afCer inoculation.

Critical Period of Tomato toAlternariasokuri (Ell. & G. Martin) Sor. infection and its determinant. Determination of critical period (susceptible period) of plant is one of the strategies in Integrated Pest Management (LPM), because it can reduce or minimize pesticide use. Study about the critical penendo of tomato was cam'ed out in the field of Bangbayang village, in the Cicwug district of Sukubumi. Tomato plant cultivar Zntan at dzremnt age (50, 60, 70 and 80 &ys after sowing [DAS Sientje Mandang Sumaraw
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Critical Period of Tomato toAlternariasokuri (Ell. & G. Martin) Sor. infection and its determinant. Determination of critical period (susceptible period) of plant is one of the strategies in Integrated Pest Management (LPM), because it can reduce or minimize pesticide use. Study about the critical penendo of tomato was cam'ed out in the field of Bangbayang village, in the Cicwug district of Sukubumi. Tomato plant cultivar Zntan at dzremnt age (50, 60, 70 and 80 &ys after sowing [DAS] were inoculated with 15 ml of Id s p o ~ l suspension of Alternaria solani per plant, that have been added with Agristick 2% and llveen 80 2%. Observation that was conducted include disease severity, the height of plant, dry weight of plant biomass and total Jiuit production. Leaves of diferent age (50, 60, 70, 80 DAS) at d@rent part of plant (lower, middle and upper canopy) were analyzedfor totalprotein by Auto Analyzer ZZMethod, totalphenol by Follin- Denis Method and total sugar content by L u ~ h o o rMl ethod. The result showed that the older plant have the higher disease severity. The same trend can be seenjkm the age of leaves i.e. leaves fLom the lower part ofplants (olakr) am more susceptible than the middle and upper leaves. The critical period of the plant is at the age of 50 - 60 DAS. TotalJiuit production is not determined by disease severity, instead it is more determined by the age of plant infected. l%em is a tendency that the interaction among total protein and phenol content efect the susceptibility of the plant to the pathogen as can be seen the following regression equation: Y = 167 - 3.1 9 X2 - 22.58 X3 (R= 0.76).

A farmer survey, to determine the way potato farmers perceived the leafininer fly and methods they employed to control the pest, was conducted in ten highland vegetable production centers in five provinces jhm June to September 1998. The total number of potato farmers interviewed was 309. The study revealed that the farmers were familiar with the leafininer as a new pest that have caused heavy damage since 3-6 years ago. However, only few farmers (5.5%) were knowledgeable that L. huidobrensis wa Aunu Rauf
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 1 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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A farmer survey, to determine the way potato farmers perceived the leafininer fly and methods they employed to control the pest, was conducted in ten highland vegetable production centers in five provinces jhm June to September 1998. The total number of potato farmers interviewed was 309. The study revealed that the farmers were familiar with the leafininer as a new pest that have caused heavy damage since 3-6 years ago. However, only few farmers (5.5%) were knowledgeable that L. huidobrensis was an exotic pest. Most farmers (>75%) reported that leafininer infestation caused more than 40% yield losses, and the crops have to be harvested 2-4 weeks earlier than was the nomal practice. All respondents applied insecticides to control the leafininer twice a week. Insecticides mostly used were pyrethmids and organophosphates. Selection of pesticides was based on farmer's own experiences, other farmers experiences, and based on suggestion jhm pesticide kiosk's owners. Although insecticides were used intensively, most farmers (72%) were dissatisfied with the efficacy of control. Biological control with parasitoids may pegom satisfatorily only if it B accompanied by minimizing insecticide use.

Morphological Variation of the Asian Honeybee Apis cerana (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in West Java. The diversity of Asian honeybee Apis cerana (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) occupying low and high altitude habitats in West Java was studied using morphological analysis, based on the length of proboscis, hindleg, front wing, tergites, and sternites. All morphological characters measured were signifcantly longer in high altitude bees compareded to those of low altitude bees (p < 0.05), except proboscis Rika Raffiudin; Soemartono Sosmarsono; endang S. Ratna; Dedy D. Solihin
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 1 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Morphological Variation of the Asian Honeybee Apis cerana (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in West Java. The diversity of Asian honeybee Apis cerana (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) occupying low and high altitude habitats in West Java was studied using morphological analysis, based on the length of proboscis, hindleg, front wing, tergites, and sternites. All morphological characters measured were signifcantly longer in high altitude bees compareded to those of low altitude bees (p < 0.05), except proboscis. Dendogram analysis showed that bees from those two altitudes were separated, whereas the result of principal component analysis indicated that both belong to the same group (P < 0.05).

Selection of Coconut Resistance to the Nutfall Disease (Phytophthorapalmivora Butler) The objective of this research was to select the coconut resistance to nutfall phytophthora disease. Using wounding inoculation method, detachedhits of 11 coconut populations at Pakuwon Coconut Cropping Pattern Research Station were inoculated with Phytophthora palmivora Co5 isolate. Based on the dhease lesion size at seven days after inoculation, Genjah Salak (GSK) coconutpopulation was more resistant than the Semuel D. Runtunuwu; Meity S. Sinaga; Alex Hartana
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 1 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Selection of Coconut Resistance to the Nutfall Disease (Phytophthorapalmivora Butler) The objective of this research was to select the coconut resistance to nutfall phytophthora disease. Using wounding inoculation method, detachedhits of 11 coconut populations at Pakuwon Coconut Cropping Pattern Research Station were inoculated with Phytophthora palmivora Co5 isolate. Based on the dhease lesion size at seven days after inoculation, Genjah Salak (GSK) coconutpopulation was more resistant than the other coconutpopulations and showed individual resistance variation to the disease. From 238 GSK coconut trees selected, 226 (95%) trees were resistant and 12 (5%) trees were susceptible.

Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Kedelai Terhadap Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne incognita) A Muin Adnan
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2000): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
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Resistance of 19 soybean varieties to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was evaluated in the green-house. One-week old seeding in a plastic bag containing 4 liters soil of Segunung Andosol type, was infested with 500 second stage juveniles (L2) per 1000 cm cubic of soil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomiz-ed design with three replication. Based on the reproductive index of M.incognita, two varieties (Wilis and Ringgit) were moderately resistant, 14 varieties were slightly resistant and three varieties (Muria, Malabar, and Lakon) were susceptible to M.incognita. The productive index of M.incognita on the varieties that were moderately resistant, slightly, and susceptible were 12.75 - 23.65, 25.48 - 42.88, and 50.99 -58.83 % respectively

Parasitoid Telur pada Hama Kubis Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) Araz Meilin; Purnama Hidayat; Damayanti Buchori; Utomo Kartosuwondo
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2000): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
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Egg parasitoids of the diamonback mont, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) have never been reported in Indonesia. In this study, eggs of P.xylostella were collected from cabbage planation in Cisarua-Bogor, Ciloto-Cianjur, Cikole-Lembang (West Java), Tawangmangu (Central Java), and Malang (East Java). Three species of parasitoids were colleted from all areas, Trichogrammatoidea armigera Nagaraja emerged from eggs colledted from Cisarua-Bogor, Cikole-Lembang, and Ciloto-Cianjur, and Trichogramma flandersi Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) was only found from the eggs collected from Tawangmangu. The morphological character of the parasitoids are discussed

Parasitization of the white rice stem bore< Scirpophaga innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied in Karawang during an outbreak in 1991/1992. The percentage of egg masses parasitized averaged 85.5%, whereas the percentage of individual eggs parasitized 44.2%. Egg masses attacked by parasitoids yielded 1 to 100 wlth arz average of 53.9 borer larvae. A mean of 56.6parasitoid wasps emerged from the parasitized egg masses. Based on the proportion of egg masses parasitized and the numb Aunu Rauf
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2000): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
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Parasitization of the white rice stem bore< Scirpophaga innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied in Karawang during an outbreak in 1991/1992. The percentage of egg masses parasitized averaged 85.5%, whereas the percentage of individual eggs parasitized 44.2%. Egg masses attacked by parasitoids yielded 1 to 100 wlth arz average of 53.9 borer larvae. A mean of 56.6parasitoid wasps emerged from the parasitized egg masses. Based on the proportion of egg masses parasitized and the number of wasps emerged, the predominant parasitoid was Telenomus rowani Gahan, followed by Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, and the least was Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere. The level of individual egg parasitization was 22.7% for T. japonicum 55.8% for T. rowani, and 92.1% for T. schoenobii. A mean of 66.5 borer larvae survived after attack by T. japonicum, 19.4 lawae by T. rowani, and only 0.8 larvae per egg mass by T. schoenobii. The last mentioned species was the most efJicient and efective parasitoid, and the borer outbreak was considered to be related to the low level of eggparasitization by T. schoenobii.

Swietenia mahogany Jacq. (Meliaceae) seeds were extracted with methanol. In choice and no-choice leaf disc methods, the crude extract at 5% completely inhibited feeding activity of third instar larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Fractionation of the extract by combination of counter-current distribution method, silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC yielded one fraction which strongly inhibited P. xylostella larval feeding activit Dadang .; Kanju Oshawa
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2000): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Swietenia mahogany Jacq. (Meliaceae) seeds were extracted with methanol. In choice and no-choice leaf disc methods, the crude extract at 5% completely inhibited feeding activity of third instar larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Fractionation of the extract by combination of counter-current distribution method, silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC yielded one fraction which strongly inhibited P. xylostella larval feeding activity by 98.3 % at a concentration of 0.2%.

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Journal Mail Official
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Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA