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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sylva Lestari
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : 23390913     EISSN : 25495747     DOI : https://doi.org/10.23960
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Jurnal Sylva Lestari (JSL) [P-ISSN 2339-0913 | E-ISSN 2549-5747] publishes original research articles related to all aspects of forestry and environmental sciences which includes, but not limited to the following topics: forest and natural resources management, biodiversity conservation and management, wood science and timber technology, agroforestry and social forestry, forest products and services, and socio-economics of natural resources. It is primarily a medium for disseminating original theoretical and experimental researches, as well as technical reviews. This journal issues one volume annually consist of three issues that delivered every January, May, and September.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 343 Documents
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Export Competitiveness of Indonesia’s Uncoated Paper in the Global Forest Products Market During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Constant Market Share Analysis Elisa Ganda Togu Manurung; Bintang Charles Hamonangan Simangunsong; Maya Atasha
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1434

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world’s leading exporters of uncoated paper products, supported by abundant plantation forests. However, Indonesia's uncoated paper export declined over the period 2018-2024. The objective of this research was to examine factors affecting the export competitiveness of Indonesia’s uncoated paper products in the global forest products market during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on export values, exchange rates, and GDP deflators obtained from Trade Map and the IMF were analyzed using the Constant Market Share analysis.  The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia’s uncoated paper exports increased mainly due to favorable impacts on world trade and competitiveness. In contrast, the composition of commodities and market distribution had an unfavorable impact on Indonesia’s exports. After the COVID-19 pandemic (2023-2024), Indonesia’s uncoated paper exports declined due to adverse effects on global trade and a negative competitiveness effect. On the other hand, commodity composition and market distribution had a favorable impact on Indonesia's exports. For the future, Indonesia needs strategies to maintain and improve the competitiveness and market stability of HS 480256, HS 480255, and HS 480257, such as: ensuring the forest certification; maintaining sustainable production, periodically reviewing international trade barriers, tariff changes, production cost efficiency; and increasing the capacity and technology of paper products. To provide more insight, the CMS method should be combined with an econometric method that can directly model a structural change in demand and estimate important parameters, such as price, cross-price, and income elasticities. Keywords: competitiveness effect, composition effect, constant market share, market distribution effect, writing paper
Improving Seed Viability and Vigor of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. Ex Benth. Using Ultrafine Bubbles and Biopriming Based on Dark Septate Endophytes Dede Jajat Sudrajat; Evayusvita Rustam; Mohammad Agus Salim; Yulianti; Nurhasybi; Naning Yuniarti; Surono; Yohanes Aris Purwanto
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1446

Abstract

Acacia crassicarpa is a fast-growing tree species that has been a mainstay in the establishment of industrial plantation forests in Indonesia. The need for A. crassicarpa seedlings for large-scale planting programs is often hampered by poor seed germination due to strong dormancy and low seed vigor. This study aims to analyze the effects of ultrafine bubbles (UFB) and biopriming with dark septate endophytes (DSE) on the viability and vigor of A. crassicarpa seeds. Before treatment, all seeds were soaked in 98% H2SO4 for 15 minutes as a field procedure for A. crassicarpa seed germination, serving as the positive control in this study. A completely randomized factorial design with two factors, i.e., UFB water (0, 8, and 20 ppm) and DSE isolates (without DSE, MM15 (DSE MM.15), Cladosporium teunissimum (DSE KSP.1), and Dendrothyrium sp. (DSE CPP.114), was used to test the effects of the treatments on seed germination parameters (germination capacity, germination speed, germination value, hypocotyl and radicle length, and vigor index). The germination parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 95% confidence level. The interaction between UFB and DSE treatments significantly affected germination capacity, germination speed, germination value, and vigor index. The optimal result was achieved by soaking seeds in 8 ppm UFB water for 24 hours, combined with soaking in DSE CPP.114 for 24 hours with a germination capacity of 78.5% (increase of 32.5% from control), germination speed of 8.04% day-1 (increase of 38% from control), germination value of 15.39 (increase of 188.7% from control), and vigor index of 11.29 (increase of 80.3% from control). Thus, the UFB water and DSE Dendrothyrium sp. (DSE CPP.114) can increase seed viability and vigor after scarification, thereby directly improving the quality and quantity of A. crassicarpa seedlings for planting programs. Keywords: Acacia crassicarpa, biopriming, dark septate endophyte, seed germination, ultrafine bubbles
Multi-Intervention Scenarios in the Mangrove Blue Carbon Project Can Enhance Emission Reductions and Increase the Economic Value of Carbon Aswin Rahadian; Lilik Budi Prasetyo; Yudi Setiawan; Cecep Kusmana
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1429

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems provide globally important climate regulation services through long-term carbon sequestration, yet restoration programs frequently rely on single management interventions that may underestimate their mitigation potential. This study evaluated the climate mitigation performance of integrated blue carbon interventions across the northern coast of Java, Indonesia, by comparing conservation of intact wetlands with avoided deforestation, restoration of wetland ecosystems with active planting, and restoration with assisted natural regeneration. A spatially explicit Tier 3 carbon accounting framework was developed by integrating multi-temporal Landsat observations (1972-2025), Random Forest land-cover classification, mangrove carbon-stock data, field-derived growth measurements, and scenario-based greenhouse gas accounting over a 30-year project horizon. The results indicate an average potential emission reduction of 8.67 Mt CO2e/year across the study area. Among the evaluated interventions, coastal erosion control through restoration with assisted natural regeneration achieved the highest mitigation performance (120 tCO2e/ha/year), nearly four times that of planting-based rehabilitation (32 tCO2e/ha/year). Over a 30-year simulation period, these scenarios are projected to generate 210 Mt CO2e of tradable carbon units, equivalent to an average of 7 Mt CO2e/year. At a carbon price of USD 5/t CO2e, this volume could have an economic value exceeding USD 35 million per year. These findings demonstrate that integrated mangrove protection and restoration strategies can deliver substantial climate mitigation outcomes while creating significant economic incentives through carbon finance mechanisms. Keywords: blue carbon, carbon credit, carbon project, mangrove ecosystem, multi-Intervention scenarios
Antifungal Activity of Pyroligneous Acid Derived from Mahogany Sawdust Against Colletotrichum sp. on Papaya Fruit Ceppy Nasahi; Andreas Bembi Pamungkas; Sudarjat; Dang Aditya Natawisastra
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1440

Abstract

Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) processing generates a large volume of sawdust residues that remain underutilized despite their potential to be converted into value-added products within a circular forestry system. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of mahogany sawdust-derived pyroligneous acid (PA) against Colletotrichum sp., a major postharvest pathogen of papaya (Carica papaya L.). PA was produced through controlled pyrolysis at 400 °C for 90 min under limited-oxygen conditions. Antifungal activity was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo assays with PA concentrations of 0% (negative control), 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, alongside mancozeb at 1.5 g/L (positive control), arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the 7% PA treatment delayed in vitro fungal growth until day 10, whereas growth in the negative control began on day 2, and reduced mycelial growth by 70.56%. In in vivo assays, the 7% PA treatment effectively suppressed anthracnose development, resulting in a disease inhibition rate of 47.77% and an area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of 297.98, which was significantly lower than that of the negative control (570.53). Although the positive control achieved complete in vitro inhibition and greater in vivo suppression (67.01%; AUDPC = 188.21), the 7% PA treatment exhibited strong dose-dependent antifungal activity, which may be associated with its high acetic acid content and low pH. Lower PA concentrations showed only partial and inconsistent inhibition. These findings indicate that mahogany sawdust-derived PA has considerable potential as a bio-based antifungal agent for postharvest disease management. Further studies on formulation optimization, product stability, and field-scale validation are recommended to support its practical application. Keywords: anthracnose, Carica papaya, Colletotrichum, pyroligneous acid, Swietenia sp., wood vinegar
Identification of Subterranean Termites and Marine Borers in Ternate City and the Intensity of Damage Resulting from Their Attacks Farjun Lahiaro; Arinana; Achmad Farajallah; Ummahatul Mujahidah; Riki Andika
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1404

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country, and Ternate is one of its cities with extensive marine areas undergoing rapid infrastructure development, making it prone to ecosystem changes and termite and marine borer attacks. This study aims to identify the species of subterranean termites and marine borers, analyze the intensity of wood damage caused by their attacks, and provide a scientific basis for mitigating wood deterioration in Ternate City. Specimen collection was conducted over three months through field observations and baiting with pine wood (Pinus merkusii) across 10 villages (Maliaro, Dufa-Dufa, Sulamadaha, Tobololo, Jati, Gambesi, Malikrubu, Soa, Kastela, and Foramadiahi) and multiple beaches, in accordance with ASTM D1756-08 and SNI 7207:2014 standards. A total of 125 termite baits were installed in the 10 villages, while marine borer baits were installed on two beaches: Jikomalamo Beach and Ake Rica Beach. The research identified five genera of subterranean termites and 18 species of marine borers. Although the overall frequency of subterranean termite attacks on baits in residential areas was low (2.7%), the presence of highly destructive species like Coptotermes sp. poses a severe localized threat to buildings. Conversely, marine borers exhibited a 100% attack frequency on submerged baits, resulting in a severe damage intensity averaging 60.8% within just three months. Consequently, Ternate City faces a significant dual threat from localized termite infestations and highly aggressive marine borers, necessitating urgent, targeted mitigation strategies to protect wooden infrastructure. Keywords: baiting method, intensity of wood damage, marine borer, Pinus merkusii, termite
Phytochemical Profiles and Cytotoxicity Activities of Eucalyptus Leaf Oils from Eucalyptus Clones Rita Kartika Sari; Yanico Hadi Prayogo; Agus Purwoko; Anne Carolina; Elisa Ganda Togu Manurung; Gunawan Pasaribu
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1531

Abstract

Although widely cultivated for wood production in Indonesia, studies on Eucalyptus leaf essential oils (ELEOs) from Eucalyptus clones remain limited. This study investigated the yield, phytochemical profiles, cytotoxic activities, and putative compounds associated with the cytotoxicity of ELEOs obtained from seven Eucalyptus clones cultivated in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The oils were extracted by water-and-steam distillation for 1.5 h, starting when the first oil droplet appeared. Phytochemical profiles were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells was evaluated in vitro. Multivariate analyses, such as orthogonal partial least squares and principal component analysis, together with molecular docking, were used to identify compounds associated with cytotoxicity. Essential oil yield ranged from 0.15% to 0.39% (w/w), while eucalyptol, the principal quality marker of ELEO, ranged from 7.98% to 41.69% among the clones. The clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus open-pollinated clone (GOP) exhibited the lowest IC50 value for B16-F10 cells (165.3 microgram/mL), and the clone of E. urophylla x Eucalyptus open-pollinated clone (UOP1) exhibited the lowest IC50 value for A549 cells (111.9 microgram/mL). According to multivariate analyses and molecular docking, alpha-pinene, (-)-spathulenol, and (-)-globulol are compounds that likely exhibit cytotoxicity against B16-F10 cells, while gamma-terpinene, o-cymene, o-cymen-5-ol, and leptospermone are compounds that likely exhibit cytotoxicity against A549 cells. However, in normal cell lines, it was not possible to achieve cytotoxic selectivity, as the biological significance of the observed cytotoxic responses is not yet established. In general, the results indicated that the yield, phytochemical composition, and cytotoxic activity of ELEOs derived from Eucalyptus clones depend on the genetic background. Keywords: A549 lung cancer cell lines, B16-F10 murine melanoma cell lines, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, molecular docking, multivariate analysis
Economics of Gap Planting Technology to Rehabilitate Degraded Natural Forests in Indonesia Bintang Charles Hamonangan Simangunsong; Elias
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1549

Abstract

The economics of gap planting technology matter because they determine whether restoring degraded natural forests can be done at scale in a way that’s economically and financially viable for governments, communities, and investors, while also recovering biodiversity and ecosystem services. This study assessed the economic benefits of using gap planting technology —planting commercial, shade-intolerant tree species in artificial gaps— to rehabilitate degraded natural forests. A purposive sampling technique was used to establish 16 artificial gaps, each covering 2,000 m2, which were inventoried on four occasions. Based on the data, the mortality rate, diameter and height increments were determined. Net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and land expectation value (LEV) were also determined in the economic analysis of three scenarios differentiated by rotation age of 6, 7, and 8 years. The results showed the average mortality, diameter and height increments were, respectively, 30%, 3.80 cm year-1 and 326.45 cm year-1. Assuming a real discount rate of 8% year-1 and a real stumpage price of IDR 0.75 million m-3, all scenarios showed NPV >= 0, BCR >= 1, IRR >= minimum acceptable rate of return (MAR), LEV > IDR 115 million ha-1, and job creation of 106 man-days ha-1. Moreover, NPV and LEV are more sensitive to changes in the real stumpage price than to changes in the real discount rate. It is concluded that gap planting technology with white jabon is financially and economically viable under these assumptions and is recommended for the rehabilitation of degraded natural tropical forests in Indonesia. Keywords: economic benefits, fast-growing species, forest rehabilitation, land expectation value, tree increment
Dipterocarp Diversity and Regeneration in Mengilan Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, Near the Sabah–Kalimantan Border Richard Joseph Majapun; Jeisin Jumian; Charissa Jasmine Wong; Sandy Tsen Tze Lui
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1513

Abstract

Mengilan Forest Reserve, a class I protected forest in Southern Sabah adjacent to Kalimantan, was previously logged and is now managed for biodiversity under the Heart of Borneo Initiative. Despite its strategic location within a transboundary conservation landscape, information on dipterocarp diversity and regeneration remains limited. This study established a baseline assessment of dipterocarp diversity, species composition, and regeneration patterns following historical logging across an elevational gradient. A rapid survey of dipterocarp trees and seedlings was conducted along three transects spanning upland mixed dipterocarp and lower montane kerangas forests across an elevational gradient. Adult dipterocarps were inventoried along line transects, and seedling regeneration was quantified using systematically distributed 1 m × 1 m quadrats. Species diversity and community composition were evaluated using diversity indices, Jaccard dissimilarity, ANOSIM, and NMDS. A total of 31 dipterocarp species representing six genera and 41 adult individuals were recorded. Of these, 19 species (61.30%) were globally threatened, and 14 species (45.20%) were endemic, including the Sabah endemic Shorea symingtonii. Species richness and diversity were highest in the lower-elevation transect (15 species; H' = 2.69; 1-D = 0.93) and lowest in the upper transect (5 species; H' = 1.61; 1-D = 0.80). Species composition differed significantly among transects (ANOSIM R = 0.72, p < 0.01), with high turnover (Jaccard dissimilarity = 0.89-0.95). A total of 131 seedlings representing 14 species were recorded, with regeneration highest in upland mixed dipterocarp forest and lowest in lower montane kerangas forest. These findings demonstrate the lasting influence of historical logging and elevation on dipterocarp communities. Mengilan FR therefore represents an important refuge for threatened and endemic dipterocarps while providing a baseline for long-term monitoring and transboundary conservation management within the Heart of Borneo landscape. Keywords: dipterocarp diversity, Heart of Borneo, IUCN Red List, regeneration, Sabah–Kalimantan border
Coal Conflict in Indigenous Lands: A Study of Climate Justice Erosion and Threats to Indigenous Forests in West Kutai, East Kalimantan Dewi Risnawati; Ameylia Puspita Rosa Diah Ayu Arintys; Gusti Naufal Rizky Perdana
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1449

Abstract

Expansion of coal mining into indigenous territories has created serious climate justice concerns, particularly in relation to how environmental burdens are distributed as well as how communities are involved in decision-making. However, studies that examine both aspects together remain scarce. This research investigates how climate justice has been undermined within the Dayak Benuaq community in Muara Tae Village, West Kutai, East Kalimantan. Using a qualitative case study approach informed by critical political ecology, data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Findings indicate that climate injustice operates through two interconnected pathways. The first relates to unequal environmental impacts, reflected in widespread presence concerning mining permits which are distributed across the West Kutai region in accordance with (Izin Usaha Pertambangan/IUP), totaling 4,608 permits covering an area of 20,381.59 km2, equivalent to 20,275 ha, overlap between concessions as well as customary land, degradation concerning Nayan River, loss concerning sacred areas, and absence concerning legal recognition for customary forests. The second concerns exclusion from decision-making processes, including a lack of meaningful Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) procedures and administrative boundary changes that reduced customary territory. Mining activities were also found to weaken transmission of traditional ecological knowledge and disrupt cultural systems tied to customary forest governance. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening FPIC requirements, protecting claimed customary forests from new mining permits, and accelerating legal recognition of indigenous forest rights in West Kutai. Keywords: customary forest, Dayak Benuaq, extractivism, political ecology, resource conflict
Legal and Political Policies Related to Customary Forests in Indonesia: From Normative Recognition to Implementation Contestation Eno Suwarno; Emi Roslinda; Golar; Indra Gumay Febryano; Jonni Marwa
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i3.1465

Abstract

Forest management by indigenous peoples has been globally recognized as a method to reduce deforestation and slow the climate crisis. Deforestation rates in indigenous-managed forests are 20–50% lower than in other forests. In Indonesia, despite constitutional recognition (Article 18B, Paragraph (2), of the 1945 Constitution) of the rights of indigenous peoples, the reality is highly variable, and legal protection is undermined by an extractive forestry system that administers approximately 63% of the total land area as forest. This research employs a qualitative approach with an instrumental policy case study. There are three objectives: First, to document the historical political development of customary forest recognition in Indonesia from the colonial era to the post-Constitutional Court Decision 35/2012; Second, to address significant political and economic-bureaucratic obstacles; and Third, to examine the adaptive strategies of key actors in policy realization. This research relies on the systematic implementation of the PRISMA 2020 methodology and the analysis of 122 publications (1990–2026). The implementation arena is where policy is put into practice. The analysis results indicate that within the implementation arena, policy politics, local bureaucracy, and political economy collectively form systemic barriers. Recognition of customary forests is limited to administrative recognition because overlapping sectoral permits, including cultivation rights (HGU), mining permits (IUP), and industrial plantation forest permits (HTI), are not automatically revoked. This study concludes that land justice is only possible with a transformation of the development paradigm and a redistribution of political power, combined with institutional transformation, particularly the mandatory revocation of overlapping permits. Keywords: agrarian conflict, customary forest, indigenous law communities, land tenure, legal politics

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