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Bayu Brahma
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Dki jakarta
INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 562 Documents
Demographic, Clinic, Radiologic, and Histopathologic Pattern of Patient with Mediastinal Mass who Died during Treatment at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta Zulkifli Amin
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 7, No 1 (2013): Jan - Mar 2013
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (514.355 KB) | DOI: 10.14414/ijoc.v7i1.273

Abstract

Banyak penyakit dapat timbul atau melibatkan mediastinum. Penyakit-penyakit tersebut adalah tumor primer, metastase, kista, dan infeksi akut atau kronis. Mendiagnosis massa mediastinum seringkali menjadi tantangan mengingat diperlukan standar diagnosis dan rencana perawatan. Meningkatkan risiko pasien dan memutuskan kapan harus melakukan perawatan agresif akan memberikan hasil akhir yang lebih baik dalam menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian. Saat ini, pola demografi, klinik, radiologi, dan histopatologi pasien dengan massa mediastinum yang meninggal selama perawatan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo belum dilaporkan.Tujuan: mendapatkan pola demografi, klinik, radiologi, dan histopatologi pasien dengan massa mediastinum yang meninggal selama perawatan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir.Metode: penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan antara April 2010 sampai Juli 2010 dengan mengumpulkan dan mempelajari catatan medis pasien dengan massa mediastinum yang didiagnosis selama Januari 2000 sampai Desember 2009 di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, kemudian diproses dengan program SPSS versi 16.0.Hasil: terdapat 201 pasien yang didiagnosis memiliki massa mediastinum di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Delapan puluh delapan catatan medis tidak ditemukan sehingga hanya ada 113 sampel yang diteliti. Empat puluh lima sampel (39,8%) dari 113 sampel meninggal selama perawatan di rumah sakit.Kesimpulan: ada sedikit perbedaan dalam pola demografi, klinik, radiologi, dan histopatologi pasien dengan massa mediastinum yang meninggal selama pengobatan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dibandingkan dengan penelitian lain. Tingkat kematian selama pengobatan tinggi. Diagnosis yang tepat pada stadium dini sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan serta angka kematian dan pasien memperoleh hasil akhir yang lebih baik.Kata kunci: massa mediastinum, kematian, sindrom vena cava superior
Korelasi antara Ekspresi Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes CD4 dan CD8 dengan Kanker Ovarium Tipe Epitel Stadium Lanjut yang Bebas Penyakit dan Kekambuhan SITI SALIMA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 10, No 2 (2016): April - June 2016
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1446.711 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v10i2.424

Abstract

ABSTRACTEpithelial ovarian cancer has the high incidence and mortality. One of them is because of high of recurrency in ovarian cancer. The recurrence rate is probably related to the immunological system through the role of TILs CD8 and CD4. This study is a retrospective case-control. Subjects were paraffin block of ovarian epithelial advanced stage patient who come to the hospital Dr Hasan Sadikin with the period 2012 to 2014, which already had completed therapy.There were 22 samples, consisting of 12 cases of ovarian cancer were free of disease and 10 cases of recurrence ovarian cancer. Statistical analysis using unpaired t test found significant difference the levels of TILs CD8 between recurrence ovarian cancer and disease-free, mean ovarian cancer with disease free is 20,9112,70, and mean of recurrence ovarian cancer 5,9006,081 (p<0,05) but the expression of TILs CD4 showed no significant difference by using Mann Whitney test. Positive correlation between the expression levels of TILs CD8 with ovarian cancer whose disease-free, usingstatistical test of correlation eta, and has a fairly strong correlation strength based on criteria Guilford. There is a positive correlation between the expression levels of TILs CD8 with disease free of ovarian cancer, which means that the higher the expression TILs CD 8 shows the higher the number of ovarian cancer were free of disease, and the recurrence rate would be lower.ABSTRAKKanker ovarium tipe epitel mempunyai insidensi dan angka kematian yang tinggi. Tingginya angka mortalitas pada kanker ovarium salah satunya berhubungan dengan tingginya angka kekambuhan. Angka kekambuhan ini mungkin berkaitan erat dengan sistem imunologi melalui peran Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) CD8 dan CD4. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik retrospektif case control dengan mengambil data dan blok parafin jaringan kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadum lanjut pada periode 2012-2014, yang terdiri dari kanker ovarium stadium lanjut yang telah dilakukan terapi lengkap. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 22 subjek penelitian terdiri dari 12 kasus merupakan kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium lanjut bebas penyakit dan 10 kasus kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium lanjut yang mengalami kekambuhan. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna tingkat ekspresi TILs CD8 antara kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium lanjut yangbebas penyakit dan yang mengalami kekambuhan, kelompok bebas penyakit rata-rata sebesar 20,9112,70, sedangkanpada kelompok kekambuhan rata-rata sebesar 5,9006,081, dengan nilai p<0,05. Sebaliknya, ekspresi TILs CD4 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Selain itu, juga didapatkan korelasi positif antara tingkat ekspresi TILs CD8 dengan kanker ovarium yang bebas penyakit. Dengan menggunakan uji statistik korelasi eta, didapatkan nilai r untuk nilai korelasi CD8 sebesar 0,607, sedangkan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat ekspresi TILs CD8, semakin tinggi angka kanker ovarium yang bebas penyakit dan semakin rendah kejadian kanker ovarium yang mengalami kekambuhan.
Characteristics of Bladder Cancer in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta: a 5-Year Report Fitra Hardian Prisnamurti; Ahmad Zulfan Hendri; Aria Danurdoro
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 16, No 1 (2022): March
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (593.497 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.855

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer is the eleventh most common malignancy worldwide and the sixth cancer in men. Bladder cancer shows a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4:1. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinoma, and the other tumors are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and rare entities like small cell carcinoma. Clinical stage and grade are the most critical determinants of the prognosis of bladder cancer. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the characteristics of bladder cancer in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with bladder cancer admitted to Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta from January 2015 until December 2020. The data were about demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and staging, grading and staging based on pathological examinations results, and cancer management. Results: This study found 282 patients with bladder tumors. Fifty patients did not meet the inclusion criteria so the remaining 232 patients consisted of 169 male patients (72.8%) and 62 female patients (27.2%). The stages of tumors when the patients first came in were T1 diagnosed in 46 patients (22.7%), T2 diagnosed in 81 patients (40%), T3 diagnosed in 11 patients (5.4%), and T4 diagnosed in 64 patients (31.6%). A total of 30 patients were found to have secondary bladder tumors. The pathological anatomy results showed that 177 patients (76.2%) had transitional cell carcinoma and 33 patients adenocarcinoma (14.2%). All patients had undergone Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) for diagnosis and staging, followed by definitive treatment. It consisted of TURBT and chemotherapy bladder instillation in 46 patients (19.8%), radical cystectomy in 84 patients (36.2%), partial cystectomy in 4 patients (1.7%), and multimodal therapy (en-bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) and chemotherapy) in 26 patients (11.2%). There were 72 patients (31%) who underwent TURBT alone. Conclusions: From a 5-year study, we found similar results with previous studies that the most common bladder histopathological result is urothelial carcinoma. However, most patients presenting to our hospital have higher stages and grades, requiring radical treatment. These differences warrant a larger and more comprehensive, multi-center study in Indonesia.
Identifikasi Fraksi Toksik Ekstrak Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Lin I MADE DIRA SWANTARA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 4, No 2 (2010): Apr - Jun 2010
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v4i2.85

Abstract

Based on previous research, seaweed extract of Eucheuma sp was reported having antitumour activities. Eucheuma cottonii collected from Pari Island (Seribu archipelago) showed toxicity towards Artemia salina. Toxicity test using Artemia salina as bioindicator was a prescreening testing for anticancer agent. The aims of this research were to isolate and identify any potentially anticancer agent from the most toxic fraction of E. cottonii extract. Sample was extracted with 85 % ethanol using maceration method. The crude ethanol exract was then partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The most active fraction towards artemia salina toxicity test was then purified using silica gel column chromatography with n-hexane:chloroform (2:3) as eluent. The pure active fraction having LC50 14.80 ppm was contitued of five compounds which identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as Cyclododecana (3.23%), Tetradecanoic acid (7.10%), Hexadecanoic acid (54.74%), Cholesta-4,6-dien-3?-ol (6.67%), and Cholest-5-en-dien-3?-ol (Cholesterol) (28.26%).
Hubungan Ekspresi Protein Bcl-2 Jaringan dengan Disease Free Survival 2 Tahun Pasien Kanker Epitel Ovarium di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya ARDHANU KUSUMANTO
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 9, No 1 (2015): Jan - Mar 2015
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (458.123 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v9i1.370

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malignancies. Previous reports have shown that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is over expressed in many solid neoplasms, including ovarian cancers, and contributes to neoplastic transformation and drug-resistant disease, resulting in poor clinical outcome. This study is an observational descriptive cross-cut design to determine the role of Bcl-2 protein expression as a two year disease free survival prognostic factor in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Data were extracted from 37 patients treated with primary surgery with or with out secondary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, from January 1st2010 to December 31st2011, at the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, were retrospectively analyzed. Bcl-2 expression were analized by immunohistochemistry study. The reccurency evaluation was done by CT-scan. The time to follow-up was 24 months since patients diagnosis. Spearman and Phi correlation test were used for analysis. In this study, two year disease free survival rate of patients was found 78.4% (29 of 37), respectively, and Spearman and Phi correlation test showed that there were no significant relation between Bcl-2 expression and ovarian cancer recurrence (p=0.084). Expression of Bcl-2 as an anti-apoptotic protein in ovarian cancer was not significantly related with the tumor reccurency as a marker of the two year disease free survival.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue: A Single Institution Retrospective Cohort Study from Mansoura University Hospital Rasha Hamdy; Amal Halim
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 12, No 4 (2018): October-December
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1070.368 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v12i4.596

Abstract

Background: Egyptian hospital–based statistics showed that head & neck carcinomas represent 18% of all cancers and mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. Our Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine serves a large rural area of the Delta region of Egypt. There is no previous study in our institution that focused on oral tongue carcinoma alone. This study aims in establishing the demographics, treatment outcome and prognostic factors of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 50 cases with oral tongue SCC treated in our department from January 2014 to December 2016 to evaluate the demography, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic modalities. We estimated the survival rates during the entire follow-up period by the Kaplan–Meier method. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed for prognostic factors determination.Results: The median follow-up was 30 months (range: 4-45 months). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 68% and 60% respectively. By univariate analysis, both advanced stages (III, IVA) and depth of invasion >0.5 cm were statistically significant as prognostic factors for 3-year DFS and OS rates. DFS rates were 34% vs. 98% for stage III and IVA vs. stage I and II respectively (p = 0.001); 52% vs. 78% for >0.5 cm vs. ≤0.5 cm depth of invasion (p = 0.003). OS rates were 36% vs. 99% for stage III and IVA vs. stage I and II respectively (p = 0.002); 52% vs. 80% for >0.5 cm vs. ≤0.5 cm depth of invasion (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting 3-year DFS and OS rates confirmed the statistical significance of the same 2 factors.Conclusions: The majority of our patients were males below 60 years. Tumors were mainly found at stage III and were moderately differentiated. Vascular invasion and lymphatic permeation were uncommon. Staging and tumor invasion depth significantly affected the outcome. The 3-year OS and DFS were 68% and 60% respectively.
Pengaruh Self-Selected Individual Music Therapy (SeLIMuT) terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Pasien Kanker Paliatif di RSUP dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta NUZUL SRI HERTANTI; SRI SETIYARINI; MARTINA SINTA KRISTANTI
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 9, No 4 (2015): Okt - Des 2015
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (391.175 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v9i4.398

Abstract

ABSTRACTPalliative cancer patients undergo severe pain, and pharmacological therapy in some cases cannot fully relieve pain. Self-selected Individual Music Therapy (SeLIMuT) is non-pharmacological relaxation stimulating complementary therapy which is safe, accessible, inexpensive and effective. The study aimed to identify effect of SeLIMuT to pain in palliative cancer patients. The study was a quasi experiment- pre-test and post-test design using comparison group with purposive and consecutive sampling carried out at inpatient ward I of Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Respondentswere divided into intervention group (n=23) with SeLIMuT therapy four times each within 15-20 minutes and control group (n=23) without therapy. Pain was assessed in both groups using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The result of the study showed that there was significant difference in average pre-post in both groups with score of p=0.001 (p<0.05). Pain decrease occurred in SeLIMuT group after intervention with score of mean 2.144 (0.91). Pain decrease in SeLIMuT group was also clinically significant (mean?1.0). Increase in pain level occurred in the control group with score of mean-0.03 (0.15). SeLIMuT intervention both statistically and clinically affected pain level in palliative cancer patients. SeLIMuT was effective in reducing painABSTRAKPasien kanker paliatif melaporkan nyeri yang lebih berat. Pada beberapa kasus, terapi farmakologi pada tidak sepenuhnya dapat mengurangi nyeri. Self-selected Individual Music Therapy (SeLIMuT) merupakan terapi komplementer perangsang relaksasi nonfarmakologis yang aman, mudah, murah, dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh SeLIMuT terhadap tingkat nyeri pasien kanker paliatif. Penelitian intervensi Quasi Experiment- pre-test and post-test design with Comparison Group dengan purposive and consecutive sampling ini dilakukan di IRNA I RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta. Responden dibagi dalam kelompok intervensi (n=23) yang menerima terapi SeLIMuT sebanyak empat kali masing-masing selama 15?20 menit dan kelompok kontrol (n=23) yang tidak diberikan terapi. Kedua kelompok dilakukan pengukuran nyeri pre- dan post- dengan Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rerata selisih nyeri pre-post pada kedua kelompok dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Penurunan nyeri terjadi pada kelompok SeLIMuT setelah mendapatkan intervensi dengan nilai mean (SD) 2,144 (0,91). Penurunan nyeri pada kelompok SeLIMuT juga bermakna secara klinis (mean ? 1,0). Peningkatan skor nyeri terdapat pada kelompok kontrol dengan nilai mean (SD) -0,03 (0,15). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara statistik dan klinis, intervensi SeLIMuT berpengaruh terhadap tingkat nyeri pasien kanker paliatif.Pengaruh tersebut berupa efektivitas SeLIMuT dalam menurunkan nyeri.
Peran Relawan dalam Memberikan Pendampingan kepada Anak Penderita Kanker dan Keluarganya Uria Regina Irene
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 2, No 1 (2008): Jan - Mar 2008
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1675.685 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v2i1.37

Abstract

Kanker dapat menyerang bagian manapun dari anggota tubuh manusia dan tidak memandang usia. Kanker bisa juga terjadi pada anaK-anak. Bagi penderita kanker, menanggulangi penyakit kanker dan prosedur pengobatannya bukanlah suatu hal mudah. Hal ini tentu juga sangat dirasakan oleh anak penderita kanker. Selain itu,jika salah satu anggota keluarga terkena kanker, maka dampaknya sangat dirasakan oleh seluruh keluarga.Penanganan anak penderita kanker tidak hanya tergantung pada tim medis saja, sebab penanganan bagi penderita kanker tidak hanya dilihat dari segi medis tetapi juga dilihat dari pengatasan seluruh masalah penderitaan yang mencakup segi psikologis dan segi sosialnya. Salah satu unsur yang dapat membantu memberikan pengobatan non-medis kepada pasien adalah relawan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk memahami peranan relawan bagi anak penderita kanker dan keluarganya.Dari hasil temuan lapangan dapat dilihat bahwa bentuk peran yang dijalankan relawan dalam memberikan pendampingan bagi anak penderita kanker dan keluarganya tampak seperti bentuk peran Pekerja Sosial Medis (PSM). Oleh karena itu, penting untuk melibatkan PSM agar pelayanan pengobatan yang terpadu dapat diberikan kepada pasien dan keluarganya, dari yang memiliki jenis penyakit kronis apapun dan dalam seluruh kelompok usia, karena seorang PSM mempunyai bekal pengetahuan (knoivledge), ketrampilan (skill), dan nilai {value), sebagai bentuk kesatuan dari the helping profession.
Characteristics of Cervical Precancerous Lesions at a Tertiary Hospital in Bali, Indonesia I Nyoman Gede Budiana; Ida Bagus Rendra Kurniawan Artha
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 14, No 4 (2020): December
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (216.966 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v14i4.731

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the biggest women’s health issues in developing countries including Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe the characteristics of cervical precancerous lesions at a tertiary hospital in Bali, Indonesia.Methods: This is a descriptive study using data from the medical records of patients with precancerous cervical lesions who attended the Gynecologic Oncology Outpatient Clinic Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, from January to December 2017. Results: There were 276 cases (2.88%) of the cervical precancerous lesion during the study period. The majority of cases were diagnosed within the age group of 36-45 years (37.7%), had low education levels (42.7%), obese (53.5%), multiparous (73.9%), had first sexual intercourse at the age of 16-20 years (41.3%), had used IUD as a contraceptive method (41.4%), and had a cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) that preceded the histologic diagnosis (43.2%). The most common histologic diagnosis was CIN I (43.1%) and the most common treatment was cryotherapy (56.2%).Conclusions: The majority of cervical precancerous lesion cases were diagnosed among women who were between her third and fourth decade of life, had low education level, were obese, multiparous, had a sexual debut at a younger age, and were IUD users. The majority of cases were low-grade lesions.
Kebijakan dan Pokok-pokok Kegiatan Pengendalian Penyakit Kanker di Indonesia Achmad Hardiman; Rini Noviani; Mugi Wahidin
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 1, No 2 (2007): Apr - Jun 2007
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7789.423 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v1i2.9

Abstract

Pengendalian penyakit kanker di Indonesia telah banyak dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak baik pemerintah maupun non pemerintah, namun belum berjalan secara terpadu, komprehensif, dan berkesinambungan. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 1575/Menkes/Per/XI/ 2005 Tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Departemen Kesehatan, dibentuklan Direktorat Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular (PPTM) yang termasuk di dalamnya Sub Direktorat Penyakit Kanker yang bertugas mengkoodinasikan upaya pengendalian penyakit kanker di Indonesia.Upaya pengendalian penyakit kanker bertujuan menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat penyakit kanker, memperpanjang umur harapan hidup serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita. Kebijakan yang diambil adalah partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, pengembangan kemitraan & jejaring kerja, pelaksanaan secara terpadu (pencegahan primer, sekunder dan tersier), pengelolaan secara profesional, berkualitas, merata dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat, penguatan penyelenggaraan surveilans faktor risiko dan rigistri penyakit kanker, pelaksanaan secara efektif dan efisien melalu pengawasan yang terus ditingkatkan.Strategi yang dijalankan adalah menggerakkan dan memberdayakan masyarakat, mendorong pelaksanaan pembangunan berwawasan kesehatan, pengembangan potensi dan peran serta masyarakat untuk penyebarluasan informasi, mengembangkan kegiatan deteksi dini penyakit kanker yang efektif dan efisien, meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas, mendorong sistem pembiayaan kesehatan yang terjangkau, meningkatkan penyelenggaraan surveilans faktor risiko dan surveilans penyakit dengan registrasi kanker, dan mendorong dan memfasilitasi pengembangan vaksin pencegahan kanker.Kegiatan pengendalian penyakit kanker dilakukan secara komprehensif dari pencegahan primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Pokok-pokok kegiatan pengendalian penyakit kanker adalah pencegahan dan penanggulangan faktor risiko kanker, peningkatan imunisasi, penemuan dan tatalaksana penderita, surveilans epidemiologi, dan peningkatan komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIK).Pengorganisasian dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit kanker dilakukan secara berjenjang dari tingkat pusat sampai unit pelayanan kesehatan. Di tingkat pusat di bentuk Kelompok Penanggulangan Kanker Nasional Terpadu dan yang diikuti dengan pembentukan kelompok kerja (POKJA) pengendalian penyakit kanker di provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Penanggung jawab di tingkat pusat adalah Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkuangan (PPdanPL), di tingkat provinsi adalah Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi, dan di tingkat kabupaten/kota adalah Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota.

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