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Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)
Published by Universitas Islam Malang
ISSN : 23376988     EISSN : -     DOI : 10.33474
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas merupakan salah satu jenis jurnal akademik bidang kedokteran atau kesehatan di mana penulis mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian maupun kajian. Artikel ilmiah ini juga mencangkup hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru dan tulisan ilmiah lainnya di bidang biomedis, kedokteran klinis, kedokteran komunitas, dan kesehatan masyarakat. Untuk memastikan kualitas ilmiah pada artikel yang diterbitkan, suatu artikel biasa diteliti oleh rekan-rekan sejawatnya dan direvisi oleh penulis, hal ini dikenal sebagai peer review. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas nomor p-ISSN 2337-6988 e-ISSN dikelola Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Malang ini diharapkan dapat menjadi media berbagi pengalaman antara berbagai kalangan dan institusi pendidikan kedokteran dan kesehatan, dengan terbit berkalah 2 kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan April dan Oktober.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 3 (2018)" : 14 Documents clear
Peningkatan Kadar Insulin Serum Tikus Wistar Jantan Model Hiperglikemia Akibat Pemberian Infusa Daun Sambiloto, Daun Salam, Kayu Manis, Dan Rimpang Temulawak Andi Nadya Sahnaz
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin secretion and sensitivity defects. Sambiloto leaves, bay leaves, cinnamon, and ginger rhizomes have the potential for antihyperglycemia and antioxidants. However, research on the herbal combination to serum levels of insulin has not been done. The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of combined sambiloto leaves, bay leaves, cinnamon, and ginger rhizomes infusion on serum insulin levels of hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Laboratory experimental in vivo with the control group post test only design using male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months. Rats were divided into five groups, KN (n = 5), KP (n = 5), KP 1 (SSKT dose 125 mg/kgBB, n=5), KP 2 (SSKT dose 250 mg/kgBB, n=5), KP 3 (SSKT dose 500 mg/kgBB, n=5). Serum insulin level was measured using the Rat Insulin ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test. The results are said to be significant if (p <0.05).Result: Induction of STZ and HFD on KP did not show a significant difference compared to KN. There was no significant difference between KP 1 group with KP, but KP 2 and KP 3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) respectively 16% and 14% compared to KP. While on KP 2 did not show a significant difference on KP 3.Conclusion: The combination of sambiloto leaves, bay leaves, cinnamons and ginger rhizomes infusion dosages of 250mg/kgBB and 500mg/kgBB can increase serum insulin levels of hyperglycemia rats.
PENGARUH JUMLAH PASIEN TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI PADA MEMBRAN DAN BELL STETOSKOP DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MALANG Nadira Iswarini Hapsari Adi
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial or hospital acquired infection is an infection occurred while patient were hospitalized or when receiving medical care. Health care workers can transmit pathogens causing the infection through medical devices, especially stethoscopes. This study aims to determine whether the number of patients affects the number of bacterial colonies found in membrane and bell stethoscope.Methodology : This research is in-vitro study using post-test only observastional analytical research design by comparing the number of bacterial colonies on the membrane and bell stethoscope with the number of patients. Bacteria are inoculated on Nutrient agar media, Blood agar plate, and MacConkey to determine the number of colonies and bacterial properties in reducing lactose and lysis of blood. The bacteria were inoculated for 24 hours before counting the number of coloniesResult: The number of bacterial colonies on the stethoscope membrane in the VIP room compared to the stethoscope membrane class III did not show significant results(P>0.05). Between the number of bacterial colonies in the bell stethoscope in the VIP room compared to bells in class III rooms also did not get significant results(P>0.05). There was no significant difference(P>0.05) between The number of bacterial colonies in the membrane compared with bells in the VIP room and class III. The number of patients did not correlate with the number of bacterial colonies on the membrane(P>0.05) while the number of patients found a correlation(P<0.05) with the number of bacterial colonies on the bell stethoscopeConclusion: There is a correlation between the number of patients with bacterial colonies at the bell stethoscope while there is no correlation between the number of patients with bacterial colonies on the membrane
EFEK TERATOGENIK DEKOKTA DAUN NIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) TERHADAP DAYA TETAS DAN LUAS AREA YOLK SAC PADA EMBRIO IKAN ZEBRA (Danio rerio) Anisa Armadani
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Neem leaf has many uses, but not yet known the toxic effects especially on fetal growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the teratogenic test of neem leaves decocta (NLD) to assess the safety of neem leaves in pregnancy conditions by observing hatchability and yolk sac area of zebrafish embryos.Methods: Zebrafish embryos were divided into 5 groups, control (P0), NLD therapeutic dose 20 μg/mL (P1), NLD ½ MATC dose 61 μg/mL (P2), NLD MATC dose 123 μg/mL (P3), and NLD LC50 dose 260 μg/mL (P4). The LC50 dose is obtained through a range-finding doses which will be determined from the death of 50% of the sample, while the MATC dose is obtained through the formula √???????????????? ???? ????????????????2. The number of samples in each group for hatchability variables is 10 embryos and the yolk sac area variable is 5 samples. The exposure was done when the embryo was 5.25 hpf (hour post fertilization) up to 72 hpf and then observed under a stereo microscope with 4.5x magnification that has connected to a computer. For hatchability variables, the treatment was repeated 3 times, while for the yolk sac area variable was done once. Hatchability was calculated using the Hogendoorom method, while the measurement of the yolk sac area used Image J software. Value is considered significant if p<0.05.Results: NLD exposure in all groups did not cause a significant decrease in zebrafish embryo hatchability, although there was a trend of decreasing hatchability in the P4 group by 10% compared to P0. NLD exposure on group P1 did not significantly increase the yolk sac area compared to P0, while NLD exposure in group P2, P3 and P4 can significantly increase the yolk sac area by 12.5%, 17%, and 25% compared to P0.Conclusion: The increase in dosage of NLD did not affect changes in hatchability but there was an increase in the yolk sac area of zebrafish embryos.
EFEK KOMBINASI TAPAK LIMAN (ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER L.) DENGAN ANTIBIOTIK AMOXICILLIN, CHLORAMPHENICOL DAN COTRIMOXAZOLE TERHADAP DAYA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI S. AUREUS DAN E. COLI SECARA IN VITRO Verryna Yaumi M.A
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotics are widely used as initial treatment for infections. But the use of antibiotics that can irrationally cause antibiotic resistance. In addiation to antibiotics, infections can be overcome by using herbs, one of which is Tread liman (Elephantopus scaber Linn.). This study aimed to examine the zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory level (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) combination of antibiotics amoxicillin (AMX), chloramphenicol (CHL), and cotrimoxazole (COT) with Tread liman extract (TL) against the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Method: The ZOI test uses the AZDAST method which is modiafied with a well. Interpretation of results with clear zone measurements using a ruler. The MIC test was carried out by microdialution with a 96-well plate and was assessed using spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 600 nm, macrodialution using a test tube and assessed by turbidiaty and sediamentation. KBM test to assess whether there is a colony formed after incubation for 24 hours.Results: The combination of TL with AMX, CHL and COT on E. coli is addiative, while in S. aureus the addiative are obtained in the combination of TL with AMX and COT, antagonist with CHL. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) results from combination MIC TL with AMX are antagonist in both bacteria, other antibiotics are addiative. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FBCI) results from the combination MBC of TL with AMX, CHL and COT were addiative to E. coli, in combination with S. aureus TL with AMX and COT were addiative, while CHL was antagonist.Conclusion: In the combination ZOI test TL with CHL in S. aureus is antagonist. The combination of TL with AMX in both bacteria is antagonist. In the combination MIC test TL with CHL on S. aureus is antagonist in the KBM test. Whereas in other combinations of antibiotics are addiative.
PENGARUH JUMLAH PASIEN RUANG RAWAT INAP KELAS I DAN II TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI PADA STETOSKOP DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MALANG Irme Adhitya
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial infection is one of the biggest killers in the world that occurs due to transmission of pathogens through medical devices such as stethoscopes. This is because the stethoscope has direct contact with the patient's skin. Another factor that affects is the density of patients in the treatment room. Therefore, this study wanted to know the effect of the number of patients in class I and II inpatient rooms on the number of bacterial colonies on the stethoscope.Methods: In vitro research by swab on the bell and membrane stethoscope used for patients in class I and II inpatient rooms. Swabs used sterile cotton swabs that had been dipped in 0.9% NaCl. Samples were inoculated into three types of media in order to determine the number and nature of bacterial colonies. The samples were incubated for 48 hours and then counted the number of bacterial colonies. Then a statistical test was done by Mann-Whitney U Test and Spearman correlation.Results: The bacterial colonies that grow are thought to be family of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., E.coli or Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella spp, or Shigella spp. There were no significant differences in results (p> 0.05) between the number of bacterial colonies on the bell and the membrane stethoscope in class I and II inpatient rooms. There was no correlation (p> 0.05) between the number of patients and the number of bacterial colonies on the bell and membrane stethoscopeConclusion : The number of patients in class I and II inpatient rooms did not affect the number of bacterial colonies on the stethoscope.
EFEK KOMBINASI INFUSA DAUN SAMBILOTO, SALAM, KAYU MANIS, DAN RIMPANG TEMULAWAK TERHADAP KADAR HDL DAN LDL SERUM TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN MODEL HIPERGLIKEMIA Wahyu Rhomadon
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with impaired fat metabolism which causes an increase in VLDL, LDL and decreased HDL. Sambiloto, bay leaves, cinnamon, and ginger rhizome (SSKT) have the potential for antihyperlipidemia, antioxidants and antihyperglycemia. This study aims to determine the potential of SSKT as antihyperglycemia in DM.Methods: Experimental laboratory in vivo with the control group post test only design using male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months. Mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and treatment group. The combination of infusion is given per sonde for 30 days at a dose of 125 mg / kg, 250 mg / kg body weight, 500 mg / kg body weight per day. Examination of HDL levels using the Abx Pentra HDL direct Pentra C200 device, while for LDL level examination using the Abx pentra LDL direct Pentra C200 device. The results of HDL data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis, and LDL was analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD test. The results are said to be significant if (p <0.05).Result: STZ 25 mg and 10% HFD could not reduce HDL levels and increase LDL levels significantly. There were no significant differences between the positive groups with treatment of serum HDL and LDL levels.. There is a tendency that the higher dose of SSKT extract given will reduce serum LDL levels in hyperglycemia mice.Conclusion: The apropriation of SSKT infusion combination extract could not increase HDL levels and reduce serum LDL levels in hyperglycemic mice.
PENGARUH PAPARAN PESTISIDA TERHADAP KADAR KADMIUM PADA SAMPEL DARAH PETANI DI DUSUN CANGAR DESA BULUKERTO KECAMATAN BUMI AJI KOTA BATU Syarifatul Qomariyah
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: The use of pesticides can control the growth of plant pests and increase agricultural production. Nonetheless, pesticides also can cause heavy metal contamination in the environment. Cadmium is a heavy metal contained in pesticides or agricultural inorganic. Cadmium can bind to intracellular metallothionein and can accumulate in the kidneys and liver. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to pesticides on cadmium levels in farmers' blood samples.Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The study population was farmers who actively used pesticides in Cangar. The sample selection uses purposive sampling technique. The research sample was farmers who met the criteria and actively sprayed pesticides at RT. 03 and RT 04, RW. 01 Cangar, Bumi Aji, Batu. Data collection using questionnaires and examination of cadmium metal levels in blood samples using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer).Results: The statistical test of this study used the Mann-Whitney Test. The influence of the frequency of pesticide administration on cadmium levels in farmers blood samples showed no significant difference between groups (p = 0, 665). The frequency of administration of the results of cadmium levels has values KPR and KPT (25,4 μg / L; 406,4 μg / L). The effect of exposure duration on cadmium levels in farmers blood samples showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0, 361). The duration of exposure to the results of cadmium levels has KPR dan KPT (9,3 μg / L; 140,1 μg / L) values. The effect of working period on cadmium levels in the blood sample of farmers showed no significant difference between groups (p = 0, 899). The working period for cadmium levels has KPR and KPT (13,4 μg / L; 110,8 μg / L).Conclusion: There were no significant differences between groups related to the effect of the frequency of pesticide administration, the influence of the length of pesticide spraying and the working period of farmers on the blood cadmium level of farmers
Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sirih (Piper Betle Linn.) dengan Antibiotik Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol dan Cotrimixazole Terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli Reza Muchlas Fauziansyah
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are the most causes of infectious diseases. Handling of infections has been using antibiotics that can cause resistance and disbiosis of intestinal microbiota. The use of adjuvants from herbs is needed to increase the effectiveness of antibacterials and prevent dibiosis, one of which uses betel leaves. Research on the combination of betel leaves with amoxicillin (AMX), cotrimoxazole (CTX), and chloramphenicol (CHL) needs to be done.Method: Combined Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) Test using Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST) in Nutrient Agar. A single or a combination of the Minimum Inhibitivity Concentration (MIC) is carried out by macrodilution. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is determined by the presence of a clear area formed on the petri dish. The nature of the interaction between MIC and MBC betel leaves and antibiotics was calculated using the Checkerboard assay.Result: Betel leaf extract has a zone of inhibition on S. aureus greater than E. coli (32.66 ± 6.42 mm / 23.33 ± 4.16 mm). The MIC of betel leaf, AMX, CTX, and CHL against S.aureus were 0,0039mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, and 0,0078mg/ml as well as against E.coli were 0,03125mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml and 0,0009mg/ml. The MBC of betel leaf, AMX, CTX, and CHL against S.aureus were 0,0039mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml and also against E.coli were 0,03125mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, 0,0078mg/ml, and 0,00097mg/ml. The combination of betel leaves with antibiotics increase the MIC and MBC against S.aureus and E.coliConclusion: The combination of betel leaves is antagonistic with AMX, CTX, and CHL against S. aureus. The combination of betel leaves is additive with CHL and is antagonistic with AMX and CTX against E. coli
PENGARUH JUMLAH PASIEN DALAM RUANG RAWAT INAP KELAS VIP DAN KELAS III TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI PADA GAGANG PINTU DAN GAGANG TEMPAT TIDUR PASIEN DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT DI KOTA MALANG Silvia Candra Devy
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Southeast Asia has a high prevalence of 10%. Indonesia has a prevalence of 7.1% that can increased morbidity and mortality. There are theories about bed occupancy can impact on bacterial transmission, where door handles and bed rail are the highest transmission. This study aims to see whether the number of patients can affect the number of bacterial colonies on door handle and bed rail of patient.Methods: This research is in vitro study, using a post-test observational analytical design by comparing the number of bacteria colonis in the door handles and bed rail of patient with the number of patient. Sample has been taken with swab by steril cotton swab in door handle and bed rail. The bacteria in the samples were inoculated on NA, BAP, and MacConkey media to determine the number of bacterial colonies. Culture is done for 24 hours.Results: There were no significant differences between the number of bacterial colonies in the door handle and bed rail of the VIP and class III room (P>0.05). The number of patients did not correlate with the number of bacterial colonies in the door handle and bed rail (P>0.05) .The most commonly found bacteria is Staphylococcus spp.Conclusion : There is no difference between of number colonies in door handle and bed rail and there is no effect of bed occupancy on the of the number colonies
EFEK KOMBINASI EKTRAK AIR DAUN JATI BELANDA, KEMUNING, MURBEI DAN RIMPANG BANGLE TERHADAP KADAR BUN DAN KREATININ SERUM PADA TIKUS WISTAR DENGAN DIET ATEROSKLEROSIS Deanurva Calista Prima
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Chronic hyperlipidemia leads to the excessive production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Spesies) and the formation of atherosclerosis, in which both lead to kidney impairment. The administration of combined water extract of Jati Belanda, Kemuning, Murbei leaves and Bangle rhizome (JKMB) was traditionally used as anti-hyperlipidemia and antioxidant. This research aims to study the effect of JKMB water extract on serum BUN and creatinine levels of wistar rats with atherosclerosis diet.Methods : Laboratory experimental in vivo research method with post test control group only design. This research used 30 male wistar rats aged 2 months old which were divided into 5 groups: Negative Control (KN), Positive Control (KP), Group treated with Dose 1 (189mg/200gBB), Dose 2 (378mg/200gBB) and Dose 3 (756mg/200gBB). KP group and treatment groups are given with DTLM to induce atherosclerosis condition. DTLM was given along with the administration of JKMB for 12 weeks. A spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 600 nm and 510 nm is used for the examination of serum BUN and creatinine levels. Data analysis using SPSS version 16.Results: Induction of DTLM in KP did not increase the serum BUN and creatinine levels compared to KN. The combination of JKMB water extract increased serum BUN levels significantly (p <0.05) in D1 and D2 compared to KP, and D1 compared to D3. Whereas on creatinine level examination, the administration of JKMB water extract did not give any improvement (p> 0.05).Conclusion: Induction of DTLM did not increase serum BUN and creatinine levels in the KP group. The given JKMB water extract did not reduce serum BUN and creatinine levels in DTLM-induced wistar rats.

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