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Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)
Published by Universitas Islam Malang
ISSN : 23376988     EISSN : -     DOI : 10.33474
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas merupakan salah satu jenis jurnal akademik bidang kedokteran atau kesehatan di mana penulis mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian maupun kajian. Artikel ilmiah ini juga mencangkup hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru dan tulisan ilmiah lainnya di bidang biomedis, kedokteran klinis, kedokteran komunitas, dan kesehatan masyarakat. Untuk memastikan kualitas ilmiah pada artikel yang diterbitkan, suatu artikel biasa diteliti oleh rekan-rekan sejawatnya dan direvisi oleh penulis, hal ini dikenal sebagai peer review. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas nomor p-ISSN 2337-6988 e-ISSN dikelola Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Malang ini diharapkan dapat menjadi media berbagi pengalaman antara berbagai kalangan dan institusi pendidikan kedokteran dan kesehatan, dengan terbit berkalah 2 kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan April dan Oktober.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2019)" : 10 Documents clear
PERBANDINGAN EFEK PERASAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DENGAN Povidone Iodine 10% TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL NEUTROFIL DARAH dan JARINGAN KULIT LUKA SAYAT PUNGGUNG TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN Vahda Bara Nanda Avisha
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: The active substance lupeol, beta-cystosterol, campesterol in Aloe vera L. helps in the wound healing process by increasing anti-inflammation which causes a decrease in the number of blood neutrophil cells and tissue neutrophils. However, studies that prove that the active ingredient in the extract of Aloe vera L. can help the wound healing process is still rare.Method: This study was an experimental in vivo control group post test only design laboratory. This study used male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months were divided into 5 sample groups; treatment group 0 group (K0), negative group(KN), treatment group 1(P1), treatment group 2(P2) and treatment group 3(P3). Rats were given a wound of 2cm and 0,2mm deep. Rat positive group was given Povidone Iodine 10% ,treatment group 1 was given a dose of Aloe vera L juice 20%, treatment 2 at a dose of 40%, and treatment 3 with a dose of 80% given for 6 days, day 7 was performed for sampling. The number of blood neutrophils counted by Differential Count, the number of tissue neutrophils is calculated under a microscope with 400x magnification. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA (p <0.05).Results: The 80% dose of Aloe vera L. tended to reduce the number of neutrophil cells even though it was not significant, while the number of tissue neutrophils in the back wound of male wistar rats decreased significantly by 50% compared to K0 (p <0, 05).Conclusion: The juice of Aloe vera L. has the potential to accelerate the wound healing process by reducing the number of blood neutrophil cells and the number of neutrophil cells in skin tissueKeywords: Wounds, Wound healing, Positive substances of Aloe vera L., Number of neutrophil blood cells and tissues
Pengaruh Kombinasi Dekokta Rimpang Zingiber officinale var rubrum dan Imperata cylindrical Terhadap Kadar CRP Serum Tikus Model Osteoartritis Dipranastri Widyawati
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder caused by degenerative process and inflammation that lead to damage on the joint cartilage. Previous research showed that red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and cogon grass rhizome (Imperata Cylindrica) had anti-inflammation and antioxidant effect. This research aimed to know the potencial of the combination of red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and cogon grass rhizome (Imperata Cylindrica) (CRGCG) by measuring the OA rats serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP). C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein used as inflammation marker.Methods: 25 male Wistar rats aged 4 months divided into 5 groups namely positive control group (PC), negative control group (NC), first treatment with dose 9+40 mg/rat/day (T1), second treatment with dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (T2), and third treatment with dose 36+40 mg/rat/day(T3). Rats were induced with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) by 0.1 ml/rat on right knee intraarticular of rats to make the OA model. The administration of CRGCG is given for 10 days. The serum CRP level was assessed by CRP ELISA Kit. Data analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney test. The result is significant if p<0.05.Result: The CFA induction statistically did not increase the serum CRP level on KP (3,435±0,24) to KN (3,307±0,99) significantly (P>0,05). The administration of CRGCG on the second treatment dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (3±0,2) and third treatment dose 36+40 mg/rat/day able to decrease the serum CRP level significantly (P<0,05).Conclusion: Combination of Red Ginger Rhizome and Cogon Grass Rhizome (CRGCG) dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (T2) and 36+40 mg/rat/day (T3) able to decrease the serum CRP level of OA rats.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Red Ginger, Cogon Grass, C-Reactive Protein
Efek Daya Hambat Kombinasi Fraksi Polar F33-F37 Elephantopus scabr dengan Amoksisilin dan Kloramfenikol terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Firsania Bunga W
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: A combination of herb and antibiotic is an alternative treatment for infectious disease. The herb that has been studied before is E.scabr which was found that crude extract was antagonistic with chloramphenicol. Possibly, that interaction can happen because of the active compounds effect that is contained in the extract. Fractination is necessary to separate the active compound from E.scabr  which may affect the combination interaction. The result of fractionation will be tested for phytochemicals identification from the fraction 33-37 E.scabr and measured for antibanterial activity with amoxicillin and chloramphenicol  against S.aureus and E.coli.Methods: The ZOI test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer method, then the clear zone was measured using a ruler. Antibiotic interactions is interpreted by the AZDAST guideline.Results: Single ZOI test in fraction 33 E.scabr obtained clear zone with 9.33 ± 1.53 mm diameter against S. aureus, whereas in other fractions no clear zone was found. Combination of E.scabr fraction with amoxicillin and chloramphenicol in ZOI test for S. aureus cannot be distinguished from the single test. Combination of fraction 35 with chloramphenicol against E. coli showed a significantly decreased result from a single test with a value of F35 0 ± 0 mm, chloramphenicol 18 ± 1 mm and a combination of F35 with chloramphenicol 16 ± 1 mm.Conclusion: Fraction 35 E.scabr obtained antagonistic interactions with chloramphenicol against E. coli, whereas in other fractions the interaction could not be determined (not distinguishable) in amoxicillin and chloramphenicol against S. aureus and E. coli. An alkaloid compound is an ingredient in F35 which is thought to affect the interaction.Keywords: Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, E.scabr, Combination of Herbal Antibiotics
PENGARUH EKSTRAK Annona muricata L. TERHADAP KADAR UREUM DAN KREATININ SERUM TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI DIET TINGGI LEMAK DAN TINGGI FRUKTOSA Nuril Amalia Novianti
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: hyperlipidemia is a risk factors of atherosclerosis which occur in the renal aeteries can caused kidney impairment. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has a potential as antihyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Annona muricata L. extract  towards the ureum and creatinine serum levels in wistar rats induced by high fat and fructose diet (HFFD).Method: The study used a post test control group only design with an experimental laboratory method in vivo. 25 Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks and the initial weight of 175-200g were divided into 5 groups; Negative Control (KN), Positive Control (KP), Treatment group 1 (100mg / kgB.W), Treatment Group 2 (200 mg / kgB.W), and Treatment Group 3 (400 mg / kgB.W). DLTF induction was given at the KP and Treatment Group simultaneously with herbs for 10 weeks. Examination of serum urea and creatinine using the colorimetric method with a wavelength of 600 nm and 510 nm in the spectrophotometer. Data analysis using SPSS version 20 with a significance level at p<0.05.Results: Plasmatic ureum level was 13,22±0,90 mg/dL, 16,12±12,24 mg/dL, 11,28±3,65 mg/dL, 7,64±0,93 mg/dL, dan 7,2±2,03 respectively in KN, KP, KP1, KP2, and KP3. Plasmatic creatinine level was 0,58±0,04 mg/dL, 0,68±0,13 mg/dL, 0,58±0,08 mg/dL, 0,48±0,04 mg/dL, dan 0,5±0,07 mg/dL respectively in KN, KP, KP1, KP2, and KP3. Plasmatic creatinine level of KP2 and KP3 had significantly lower than KP (p<0.05).Conclusion: The addition of Annona muricata L. decreased plasmatic creatinine level in hyperlipidemic rats.Keywords: hyperlipidemia, Annona muricata L. extract, urea and creatinine
Efek Antibakteri Kombinasi Dekokta atau Ekstrak Metanol Daun Syzygium polyanthum dengan Kloramfenikol pada Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara In Vitro Nuryanti Fardila
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Background: A combination between herbs and antibiotic ingredients could become a breakthrough application within endurance therapy upon chloramphenicol usage. Antibacterial features derived from bay leaves are executable both in cellular wall and intracellular system. The combination effect between methanol extract of bay leaf and chloramphenicol intracellular antibiotics decoction will be assessed in this research using zone of inhibition test of S. aureus and E. coli.Method: Inhibition zone will be tested by utilizing modified Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST) method. The variables were divided into 5 groups consisting high and low dosages of chloramphenicol (HDA and LDA), high and low dosage of Bay leaves methanol extract (HDHm and LDHm), high and low dosages of Bay leaves decoction (HDHd and LDHd), the methanol extract of bay leaves and chloramphenicol combination (CSMC), and bay leaves decoction-chloramphenicol (CSDC) compound in S. aureus and E. coli. The inhibition zone will be analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with significance level value of p<0.05.Results: In S. aureus and E. coli, CSDC show not distinguishable effect compared to the single use of antibiotic. Similar results were generated in CSMC in S. aureus and E. coli.Conclusion: The combination of bay leaves decoction and methanol extract did not increase the inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Bay leaves, chloramphenicol, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
PENURUNAN LUAS AREA MATA DAN NON-DETACHMENT TAIL PADA EMBRIO IKAN ZEBRA (Danio rerio) AKIBAT PAPARAN CADMIUM CHLORIDE (CdCl2) Erfina Daniati
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays,  a lot cadmium emitted to the environment source by pesticide, the deportation of industry waste, and tobacco cigarettes. The exposure of cadmium for pregnant woman in the long period of time will be accumulated in human’s body causing  terratogenic effect on fetus. This research proposed to identify terratogenic effect on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo (F2) that the parental (F1) exposure by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) chronically.Method: This research used laboratory experiment by in vivo post-test only. The experimental animal was Danio rerio (F1) that was exposured for 30 days. Observation area of  eyes and non-detachment tail in Danio rerio embryo (F2) using stereo microscope with the 4,5x magnification and analyzed with software Image J. Data analysis done by One Way ANOVA and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) using software Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 16.0 version.Findings: The higher CdCl2 dose being exposure by Danio rerio parental (F1), influence the greater impact of the derease area of eyes and the length non-detachment tail on Danio rerio embryo (F2). Found that the mean decrease area of eyes for control, exposure of CdCl2 dose 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ppm is around 0,027 ± 0,002 mm, 0,022 ± 0,002 mm, 0,017 ± 0,002 mm, and 0,010 ± 0,002 mm respectively. The mean decrease of length non-detachment tail for control, exposure of CdCl2 dose 0.5, 1, and 1.5 is around 0,154 ± 0,017 mm, 0,128 ± 0,011 mm, 0,086 ± 0,012 mm, and 0,032 ± 0,029 mm respectively. Exposure variance dose of CdCl2 cause on the decrease area of eyes and the length non-detachment tail significantly (p<0,05).Conclusion: CdCl2 exposure on Danio rerio parental (F1) can decrease area of eyes and length distance non-detachment tail on Danio rerio embryo (F2) (p<0,05).Keywords: Cadmium (CdCl2), Eye area, non-detachment tail, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
EFEK INFUSA DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata) PADA KADAR LDL DAN HDL SERUM TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI DIET TINGGI LEMAK DAN FRUKTOSA Adnanda Maulana
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction : High fat and fructose diet (HFFD) can lead to dyslipidemia due to the increasing of the level of the cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and the decreasing level of HDL. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) contain active compounds which can potentially improve the lipid profiles. This study investigated the effect of soursop leaves infusion in LDL and HDL serum levels of Wistar rats induced by HFFD.Method : This study used Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks as samples with initial body weight between 175-200g. The rats were placed into 5 groups called negative control group (N), positive control group (P), treatment 1 group (T1), treatment 2 group (T2) and treatment 3 group (T3) with 5 rats for each group. The HFFD was given for 10 weeks leading to dyslipidemia in group P, T1, T2, and T3. Soursop leaves infusion were given to T1 (100 mg/kg b.w.), T2 (200 mg/kg b.w.), and T3 (400 mg/kg b.w.) by using feeding tube, as an addition to HFFD in 10 weeks. At the end of the study, LDL and HDL serum levels were measured using the ABX Pentra procedure. Data will be analyzed by Mann Whitney test with a significance level p <0.05.Results : HFFD can increase the LDL serum levels and can decrease HDL serum levels significantly (p<0.05). The addition of soursop leaves infusion at dose of 200 mg / kg b.w. decreased LDL serum levels about 45% compared with positive control (p <0.05). The addition of soursop leaves infusion at the dose of  400 mg / kg b.w. can increase HDL serum levels about 71% compared with positive control (p <0.05).Conclusion : Soursop leaves infusion decreased LDL serum levels and increased HDL serum levels of Wistar rats induced by HFFD.Keywords : Dyslipidemia, High fat and fructose diet, Soursop Leaves, HDL, LDL
Efek Penambahan Fraksi Semi Polar Ekstrak Metanolik Herba Phyllanthus niruri, L. terhadap Daya Hambat Amoxicillin dan Chloramphenicol pada Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Wigdio Almadany Susilo
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: One method to increase the effect of antibiotics is to combine it with a herb that is suspected have an antibiotics activity, such as Phyllanthus niruri, L. The crude extract of Phyllanthus niruri, L. was found have an antagonistic and synergistic effect with amoxicillin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to separate the herb compounds using fractionation, and then phytochemical test, Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) test on the semi-polar fractions (F14-18) with amoxicillin and chloramphenicol on S. aureus and E. coliMethods: The effect of herbal combination with antibiotic was measured with ZOI test using the Kirby-Bauer method. The clear zone formed was measured with a ruler, and the results were interpreted based on the Ameri-Ziaei Synergic Test for Double Antibiotic (AZDAST) method. Phytochemical tests were carried out to compare the active compound of the herbal fraction using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).Results: All semi-polar fractions (F14-F18) of methanolic extract of Phyllantus niruri L. formed a clear zone against S. aureus, but not E. coli. The ZOI measurements’ mean of  F16 combined with amoxicillin against S. aureus was 11 ± 1 mm, and it was greater than the antibiotic and herb mean which is 2,33 ± 4,04  and 9,33 ± 0,57. Phytochemical test results showed F16, 17, and 18 might contain saponin or alkaloid as an active antibiotics compound.Conclusion: Semi-polar fractions (F14-18) methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri, L. had antibiotics activity againts S. aureus, but not E. coli. Combination with F16 had a synergistic effect which was increased the effects of amoxicillin. F16 might contains saponin.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, L., Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Phytochemical Test, ZOI, Combination of Antibiotics and Herb
Pengaruh Kombinasi Dekokta Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale) dan Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) Pada Penurunan Kadar Interleukin-1β Serum dan Jumlah Leukosit Tikus Wistar Jantan yang Diinduksi Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Rahma Auri Wijayanti
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA)  due to predispose and biomechanics factors causing direct degraation of the cartilage. The degradation process causes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and leukocyte that increases as inflammation sign. The red ginger’s rhizome and cogon grass are known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The herbals were used s a single herb to cure diseases. The present study evaluated the potential of the two herbs for OA treatment by  decrease in IL-1β and leukocyte in rat.Methods: 25 male Wistar rats aged four months, weighed 270-300g were grouped into five groups; negative controls (KN), positive controls (KP), treatment group 1 (P1), treatment group 2 (P2), and treatment group 3 (P3). Four groups of the rats were injected by 0,1ml  right knee intraarticular of  Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)  to induce OA. Three groups of OA rats are treated with 9+40mg/day (P1), 18+40mg/day (P2), and 36+40mg/day (P3) respectively for 10 days. The treatment of RJMA was conducted 10  days post CFA injection. IL-1β  was measured by IL-1β assay kit and leukocyt were measured hematologyanalyzer. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova test followed by post hoc test. The p < 0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: The given doses of the combination RJMA dereased serum IL-1β and leukocyte compare to positive control (p <0.05). Correlation test between IL-1β levels and leukocytes showed a significant positive (p <0.05). the most effective dose RJMA is 36+40mg/day. The dose approximate that of KN group (p<0,05)Conclusion: The combination of decoction of RJMA at P1, P2, and P3 were able to reduce serum IL-1β and leukocyte count in OA rats caused by CFA induction.Keyword : Osteoarthritis, Decoction Red Ginger’s Rhizome and Cogon Grass, Interlrukin-1β, Leukocyte
PENGARUH KOMBINASI DEKOKTA RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) DAN RIMPANG ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) TERHADAP KADAR NITRAT SERUM DAN NITRAT JARINGAN SINOVIAL TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT Mayvita Muntadiroh
Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine)

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease associated with inflammatory processes and free radical formation. It causes damage to the joint cartilage progressively. The rhizome of red ginger and cogon grass (RRGC) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study reported the potency of the herbals combination to reduce serum and synovial nitric oxide (NO) in OA rats. Nitrate (a stable form of NO) are measured in serum and synovial tissue of rats.Method: Male Wistar rats aged 4 months divided into 5 groups, namely; positive group, negative group, treatment 1 (doses 9 + 40 mg/day), treatment 2 (doses 18 + 40 mg/day) and treatment 3 (doses 36 + 40 mg/day). Rats were induced with 0.1 ml Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in intraarticular (IA) of the right knees. The decoction of RRGC combination was given at day 10 post induction (after edema was measured) for 10 days. Synovial and serum nitrate were examined using Nitric Oxide Colorimetric Assay Kit. Serum nitrate data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis continued with Mann-Whitney and synovial nitrate data using One Way ANOVA continued with Post Hoc. Result were considered to be significant if p<0,05.Results: The decoction of RRGC combination in treatment 1 (4,29±0,55) and treatment 3 (3,64±0,70) decrease serum nitrate levels of OA rats (p<0,05). The decoction of RRGC combination in treatment 1 (2,99±1,18), treatment 2 (2,87±0,41) dan treatment 3 (2,79±1,09) decrease synovial tissue nitrate levels of OA rats (p<0,05).Conclusion: The given doses reduce nitrat levels of synovial tissue (p<0,05). The herbals combination at dose 1 and 3 reduce both nitrat serum and synovial level. The combination of decoction of red ginger and cogon grass rhizome may have potential to be developed as anti-osteoarthritis agent.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Red Ginger rhizome, Cogon Grass rhizome, Nitric Oxide, Nitrate

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