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Muhammad Fikri Alan
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redaksi.qawanin@iainkediri.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Qawanin: Journal of Economic Syaria Law
ISSN : 25983156     EISSN : 26228661     DOI : https://doi.org/10.30762/qawanin.v6i1
Qawanin (Journal of Economic Syaria Law) is a media publication of the results of scientific research, in the field of Economic Syaria Law which includes: - Economic Syaria Law - Islamic strategy for economic development - Critical issues and challenges in Islamic economics and finance development - other topics that are still in line with law and economic developments
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 7 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli" : 7 Documents clear
UPAYA IMPLEMENTASI FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2020 SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMULIHAN EKONOMI OLEH LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT (MUI FATWA IMPLEMENTATION BUSINESS NUMBER 23 YEAR 2020 IN ECONOMIC RECOVERY BY AMIL ZAKAT INSTITUTION) Binti Mutafarida; Moh. Farih Fahmi
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (995.369 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/q.v4i2.2452

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa adakah implementasi dari Lembaga Amil Zakat dalam hal ini adalah Yayasan Yatim Mandiri cabang Kediri dalam menyikapi adanya Fatwa MUI Nomor 23 Tahun 2020 tentang pemanfaatan harta zakat, infak, dan shadaqah untuk penanggulangan wabah covid-19 dan dampaknya terutama dalam bidang ekonomi yang berdampak pada kondisi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep kesejahteraan Imam Ghazali dan juga Fatwa MUI Nomor 23 tahun 2020. Sedangkan hasil penelitian dijabarkan dalam bentuk kata-kata sehingga disebut dengan metode kualitatif dengan data dari hasil wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Yayasan Yatim Mandiri cabang Kediri mengapresiasi Fatwa MUI Nomor 23 tahun 2020 dengan cara menyalurkan dana filantropi yang terkumpul melalui dalah satu programnya yang bernama BISA untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dalam bidang ekonomi pada masa pandemi covid 19. This study aims to analyze whether an implementation of the Amil Zakat Institute is real, in this case the Kediri branch of the Yatim Mandiri Foundation in response to the MUI Fatwa Number 23 of 2020 concerning the use of zakat, infaq and shadaqah assets for the prevention of the Covid-19 outbreak and its impact, especially in the economic sector. which has an impact on the condition of society's welfare. The theory used in this research is the concept of the welfare of Imam Ghazali and also Fatwa MUI Number 23 of 2020. Meanwhile, the results of the study are translated into words so that they are called qualitative methods with data from interviews. The results of this study indicate that the Kediri branch of the Yatim Mandiri Foundation appreciates MUI Fatwa Number 23 of 2020 by channeling philanthropic funds collected through one of its programs called BISA to improve the welfare of the society in the economic sector during the Covid 19 pandemic.
POLA HIDUP DAN KONSUMSI PEMULUNG DITINJAU DARI FIKIH KONSUMSI (Studi Kasus di Desa Pojok Dusun Jarakan Klotok Kota Kediri) LIFE PATTERNS AND CONSUMPTION OF SCHOOLS FROM CONSUMPTION FIKIH (Case Study in Pojok Dusun Jarakan Klotok Village, Kediri City) Alwi Musa Muzaiyin
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (169.846 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/q.v4i2.2467

Abstract

Pola hidup merupakan gambaran dari aktivitas/kegiatan yang didukung oleh minat, keinginan dan bagaimana pikiran menjalaninya dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Menurut ilmu ekonomi, yang dimaksud dengan konsumsi adalah setiap kegiatan memanfaatkan, menghabiskan kegunaan barang dan jasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup. Menurut sudut pandang Islam atau dalam prespektif Islam, etika berkonsumsi sesuai syariah islam adalah memakan makanan yang halal. Pemulung adalah sekelompok orang yang bekerja mengumpulkan barang-barang bekas dengan cara mengerumuni muatan truk sampah yang tengah di bongkar, sebagian pemulung lainnya berputar-putar mengais barang bekas dari tumpukan-tumpukan sampah. Ada tiga prinsip dasar konsumsi yang digariskan oleh Islam, yakni prinsip halal, kebersihan dan kesederhanaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola hidup dan konsumsi pemulung dalam keseharian mereka dan untuk mengetahui pola hidup dan konsumsi pemulung ditinjau dari fikih konsumsi. Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yaitu pewawancara menemui secara langsung narasumber. Dari wawancara yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa pola hidup dan konsumsi pemulung memang tidak sepenuhnya menerapkan sunnah Rasul, namun mereka tetap menjaga kebersihan diri mereka dan keluarganya. The way of life is a picture of the activities supported by the interest, desire and how the mind interacts with the environment to live in. According to economics, consumption is defind any activity utilizing, spent the usefulness of goods and services to acquire needs in an effort to maintain viability. According to the viewpoint of the Islamic perspective, Sharia-compliant Islamic ethics consume is to eat halal food. Scavengers are a group of people who work to collect used goods by way of swarming truckloads of garbage being dismantled, some other scavengers circling scavenge junk piles of garbage. Three basic principles outlined by the consumption of Islam, the principles of lawful, cleanliness, and simplicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of life and consumption of scavengers in their daily lives and to know the patterns of life and consumption in terms of fiqh consumption scavengers. In this study, the approach used is qualitative research methods. This study uses primary data to get the interviewer directly speakers. From interviews conducted showed that lifestyle and consumption scavengers did not fully implement the Sunnah of the Prophet, but they still keep clean themselves and their families.
THE ISLAMIC LAW REVIEW ON MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZING AGENCY (BPJS) Pandi Rais; Shahrul bin Abd Shofi; Erina Sonia; Sulis Setyoningsih
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1175.436 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/q.v4i2.2469

Abstract

The Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) is a legal entity formed in the aspect of a health insurance program. BPJS is part of the JKN (National Health Insurance) which has the aim of ensuring the health of the entire citizen . To measure whether the BPJS for heath has been able to realize its goals, it is necessary to discuss this matter through this journal. With the journal method, the descriptive type method, and the data collection technique used is library research. Then the data is analyzed by descriptive analysis method and associated with the facts. Data shows that the BPJS is a mutual assistance guarantee program, participation is mandatory for all  citizens and is not selective, as well as the existence of a contribution system. Facilities provided include First Level Health Facilities (FKTP), Advanced Level Referral Health Facilities (FKRTL), supporting health facilities, all of which are provided to address health problems since the level of minor illness. However, in the development of the implementation of the BPJS program, several problems emerged, which eventually affected the level of public health. The results of the Bahtsul Masail of PBNU in the Bahtsul Masail commission session at the Bahrul Ulum Nahdatul Ulama Islamic Boarding School, decided that the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) was halal and could be used for all groups in the framework of health insurance in Indonesia. The Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) is a legal entity formed in the aspect of a health insurance program. BPJS is part of the JKN (National Health Insurance) which has the aim of ensuring the health of the entire citizen . To measure whether the BPJS for heath has been able to realize its goals, it is necessary to discuss this matter through this journal. With the journal method, the descriptive type method, and the data collection technique used is library research. Then the data is analyzed by descriptive analysis method and associated with the facts. Data shows that the BPJS is a mutual assistance guarantee program, participation is mandatory for all citizens and is not selective, as well as the existence of a contribution system. Facilities provided include FirstLevel Health Facilities (FKTP), Advanced Level Referral Health Facilities (FKRTL), supporting health facilities, all of which are provided to address health problems since the level of minor illness. However, in the development of the implementation of the BPJS program, several problems emerged, which eventually affected the level of public health. The results of the Bahtsul Masail of PBNU in the Bahtsul Masail commission session at the Bahrul Ulum Nahdatul Ulama Islamic Boarding School, decided that the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) was halal and could be used for all groups in the framework of health insurance in Indonesia.
HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM AKAD IJARAH DAN RAHN (ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW IN THE IJARAH AND RAHN CONTRACTS) Silvia Nur Febrianasari
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1189.358 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/q.v4i2.2471

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan bahwa dalam hukum ekonomi Islam hampir semua aspek hukum bersangkutan dengan fiqih ataupun hukum Islam. Dan dalam praktik muamalah bahwasanya akad ijarah merupakan transaksi atas sewa menyewa barang ataupun jasa dengan memberikan upah mengupah dengan adanya waktu yang telah ditentukan oleh kedua belah pihak sedangkan rahn adalah perjanjian atas suatu hutang piutang antara rahin dan murtahin menggadaikan barangnya sebagai jaminan atas hutangnya. Masalah yang sedang dibahas antara lain mengenai hukum kebolehan atas akad ijarah dan rahn dalam hukum ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur yaitu mencari sumber data melalui jurnal, buku, internet dan lain sebagainya. Serta menganalisis data yang dipeoleh dan dapat memberikan pemahaman atas masalah yang dibahas. Hasil dari pembahasan ini bahwasanya dalam akad ijarah dan rahn itu dalam hukum Islam diperbolehkan bahkan sudah diterapkan dalam perbankan syariah dan jenis akad ijarah dalam perbankan syariah ada 2 yaitu ijarah mutlaqah dan ijarah al muntahiah bit tamlik. adapun pegadaian syariah bahwasanya dalam transaksinya tidak ada bunga krena yang menjadi landasan hukumnya yaitu Al-Quran, Hadits, dan Ijtima' This study aims that in Islamic economic law almost all aspects of law are related to fiqh or Islamic law. And in muamalah practice that the ijarah contracts is a transaction for the lease of goods or services by providing wages with a time determined by both parties, whereas rahn is an agreement on adebt beetwen rahin and murtahin to pawn their goods as collateral for their debt. The issues being discussed include the legal permessilibity of the ijarah and rahn contracts in Islamic economic law. This study uses literature studies, namely searching for data sources through journals, books, the internet and so on. As well as analyzing the data obtained and can provide an understanding of the issues discussed. The result of this discussion is that ijarah and rahn contracts in Islamic law are allowed and even have been applied in Islamic banking and there are two types of ijarah contracts in Islamic banking, namely ijarah mutlaqah and ijarah al muntahiah bit tamlik. as for the sharia pawnshop that in the transaction there is not interest because the legal basis in the Al-Qur’an, Hadits, and Ijma’.
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK BAGI HASIL PADA KERJASAMA ANTARA PETANI BAWANG MERAH DENGAN PEKERJA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (THE PROFIT-SHARING TECHNIQUE IMPLEMENTATION IN COOPERATION AMONG ONION FARMERS AND WORKERS ASSESSED FROM ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE Siti Ulfa Munfariah; Dijan Novia Saka
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (968.264 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/qawanin.v4i2.2494

Abstract

Kerjasama adalah proses sosial yang dilakukan antara dua orang atau lebih yang melibatkan pembagian tugas, dimana setiap orang mengerjakan setiap pekerjaan yang merupakan tanggung jawabnya demi tercapainya tujuan bersama, ada 3 (tiga) hal yang dapat dilakukan agar tujuan dari kerjasama tersebut tercapai yakni: saling terbuka, toleransi, dan tanggung jawab. Adapaun sistem bagi hasil dalam bidang pertanian adanya keuntungan dibagi sesuai dengan perjanjian, namun jika mengalami kegagalan maka, keduanya tidak mendapatkan apa-apa. Dan Ekonomi Islam atau ekonomi syariah adalah sistem ekonomi yang adil, transparan, mementingkan nilai kemanusiaan dan kesejahteraan, bebas dari riba, tidak mengandung unsur penipuan, paksaan spekulasi, serta jauh dari hal-hal yang dilarang dalam syariat Islam, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi teknik bagi hasil pada kerja sama antara petani bawang merah dengan pekerja di Desa Ngudikan Kec. Wilangan Kab. Nganjuk ditinjau dari perspektif ekonomi Islam. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Hubungan kerjasama yang terjalin antara pemilik tanah dengan penggarap memiliki interaksi sosial dengan baik yang dapat menciptakan ukhuwah antar keduanya dan meminimalisir terjadinya akumulasi kekayaan disegelintir orang kaya saja. Perihal lain seperti penggarap menuntut bagi hasil saat gagal panen, tidak adanya zakat yang dikeluarkan pemilik tanah maupun penggarap, belum sesuai dengan perspektif ekonomi Islam karena belum sepenuhnya menerapkan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam yakni keadilan dan ketuhanan. Sedangkan adanya sistem pembayaran bibit dengan menggunakan sistem yarnen, tidaklah dibenarkan dalam ekonomi Islam, karena didalamnya menggandung unsur MAGRIB (maysir, gharar, riba) yang dilarang oleh syariat. Cooperation is a social process carried out between two or more people that involves a division of tasks, where every person does work which belongs to their responsibility to achieve of common goals, the three things should be conducted to achieve the goals, namely: mutual openness, tolerance, and responsibility. The system of profit-sharing system in agriculture, the both parties divide the profit based on the agreement, but if they fail, they will get nothing. And Islamic economics or sharia apply economic system in fair, transparent, and also focus on emphasizing human values and prosperity, usury free. The Islamic economic system does not contain elements of fraud, forced speculation, and is far from things that are prohibited in Islamic law, so the purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of profit-sharing techniques in cooperation among onion farmers and workers in Ngudikan Village, Wilangan District Nganjuk viewed from Islamic economic perspective. This research used qualitative approach, the data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the cooperative relationship that exists among landowners and cultivators has good social interactions that can create ukhuwah between the two and minimize the accumulation of wealth between the rich and poor. Meanwhile, the other matters, such as cultivators demanding profit-sharing during crop harvesting failure, the absence of zakat issued by land owners and cultivators, are not yet in accordance with the Islamic economic perspective because they have not fully implemented the basic principles of Islamic economics, justice and God. Meanwhile, the existence of a seed payment system using the yarnen system is not allowed in Islamic economics, because it contains elements of MAGRIB (maysir, gharar, riba) which are prohibited by the Sharia.
KAJIAN MUZARA'AH DAN MUSAQAH (HUKUM BAGI HASIL PERTANIAN DALAM ISLAM) THE MUZARA'AH DAN MUSAQAH STUDY (Agricultural Production Sharing Law In Islam) Shania Verra Nita
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (949.272 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/qawanin.v4i2.2503

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kesesuaian sistem kerjasama bagi hasil dalam pertanian petani muslim menurut Islam atau fiqh muamalah. Kajian ini berisi tentang faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kerjasama penggarapan lahan, pendapatan pemilik lahan dengan petani penggarap, serta kesesuaian hukum muzara'ah dan musaqah dalam kajian hukum Islam. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa faktor yang melatarbelakangi adanya kerjasama dan tolong menolong antara kedua belah pihak yang berakad. Perbedaan antara kerjasama bentuk muzara’ah dan musaqah terletak pada pertanggungjawaban biaya selama penggarapan apakah ditanggung oleh pemilik lahan atau petani penggarap, jangka waktu penggarapan lahan serta porsi bagi hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kesesuaian sistem atau cara kerjasama bagi hasil pertanian ini dengan aturan fiqih Islam, karena syarat-syarat yang berlaku telah terpenuhi dalam hukum syar’i. Kegiatan bagi hasil ini mengandung prinsip bahwa ada unsur kerelaan antara kedua belah pihak, saling menguntungkan, serta kegiatan yang sesuai dengan kandungan Al-Qur’an dan Hadits dalam bermuamalah. This study aims to identify and explain the suitability of the production-sharing cooperation system in Muslim farmer agriculture that has been carried out for generations by means of agricultural production sharing in Islam or fiqh muamalah and to determine the factors behind the cooperation in cultivating land, to find out the difference between its contribution to increasing the income of landowners and tenant farmers, as well as the legal bases of muzara'ah and musaqah in the study of Islamic law. From the results of this study it was found that the factors behind the cooperation in cultivating land in the form of muzara'ah and musaqah were the economic value of the land and the help between the land owner and the tenants. The difference between cooperation in the form of muzara'ah and musaqah lies in terms of accountability for costs during cultivation, whether it is borne by the land owner / cultivator, the time of cultivating the land and the percentage of the harvest. The results of this study indicate the compatibility of the system or way of cooperation for agricultural produce with the principles of Islamic muamalah fiqh, because it has met the applicable requirements in syar'i law and contains the principle that there is an element of willingness and mutual benefit, and habits ('urf) which is not against the law in the Koran and Hadith, and also does not contain madharat.
METODOLOGI FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: Telaah atas Fatwa Bidang Ibadah, Sosial dan Budaya denganPendekatan Maqasid Al-Shari’ah A. Halil Thahir
Qawanin: Jurnal of Economic Syaria Law Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1357.853 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/qawanin.v4i2.4066

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas tentang metodologi  fatwa majelis ulama Indonesia (MUI) di bidang ibadah, sosial dan  budaya. Penelitian ini menelaah dan mengungkap dari persoalan berikut : 1. metodologi penetapan fatwa MUI dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya perspektif ijtihad maqasidi 2. interkoneksitas maslahah fatwa MUI dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan maqasid al-shari’ah. Penelitian ini adalah merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Sumber data penelitian ini adalah fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya yang dari tahun 1975 hingga 2015 yang termaktub dalam buku “Himpunan Fatwa MUI Sejak 1975 (Edisi Terbaru)” yang diterbitkan oleh Emir Jakarta pada tahun 2015 sebagai sumber primer, maupun dari literatur, buku, atau dokumen-dokumen tertulis terkait lainnya sebagai sumber sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan Studi Dokumenter terhadap bahan-bahan kepustakaan tenatng fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Sedangkan dalam melakukan analisis data akan digunakan Content Analysis (analisis isi), yang akan digunakan dalam menganalisa isi dari fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) di bidang ibadah, sosial dan budaya. Secara metodologis, dalam fatwa bidang agama MUI mengesampingkan pendekatan mashlahah di luar kemaslahatan agama itu sendiri. Sementara dalam fatwa bidang sosial dan budaya, mashlahah menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam memutuskan fatwa, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan graduasi kekuatan maslahah (dharuriyat, hajiyat, dantahsiniyat) dan graduasi al-kulliyat al-khams. Kemudian, Interkoneksitas mashlahah (ittishaliyat al-mashalih) Fatwa MUI dalam ranah agama, sosial dan buadaya merupakan pandangan dunia (world view)  dalam melihat dan menyelesaikan problem tersebut, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut : Pertama, ketika interkoneksi tersebut berhadapan dengan masalah agama maka MUI mengabaikan kemaslahatan di luar ranah agama ; Kedua, mempertimbangakan aspek dharuriyat, hajiyat, dan tahsiniyat ; Ketiga, mempertimbangkan kaidah : المصالح العامة مقدمة على المصالح الخاصة (kemaslahatan umum didahulukan atas kemaslahatan khusus). This paper discusses the fatwa methodology of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in worship, society and culture. This study examines and reveals the following issues: 1. methods for determining the MUI fatwa in the fields of worship, social, and culture from the maqasidi ijtihad perspective. 2. interconnectivity of the MUI fatwa maslahah in the fields of worship, social, and culture? using the maqasid al-shari'ah approach. This research is library research (library research). The data source of this research is the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in the fields of worship, social and culture, which from 1975 to 2015 is contained in the book "The Association of MUI Fatwa Since 1975 (Latest Edition)" published by the Emir of Jakarta in 2015 as primary sources, as well as from literature, books, or other related written documents as secondary sources. The data collection technique uses a documentary study of library materials regarding the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Meanwhile, in conducting data analysis, Content Analysis will be used, which will be used to analyze the content of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in the fields of worship, social, and culture. Methodologically, in the religious fatwa, the MUI has ruled out the maslahah approach outside of the benefit of religion itself. Meanwhile, in social and cultural fatwas, mashlahah becomes an important consideration in deciding the fatwa while still considering the graduation of maslahah power (dharuriyat, hajiyat, and tahsiniyat) and al-kulliyat al-khams graduation. Then, the interconnection of mashlahah (ittishaliyat al-mashalih) The MUI fatwa in the realm of religion, social and culture is a world view in seeing and solving the problem, with the following provisions: First, when the interconnection deals with religious issues, MUI ignores benefits outside the realm of religion; Second, consider the aspects of dharuriyat, hajiyat, and tahsiniyat; Third, consider the rules: ( المصالح العامة لى المصالح الخاصةpublic benefit takes precedence over particular benefit).

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