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International Journal of Agriculture System
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 23379782     EISSN : 25806815     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1236
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
International Journal of Agriculture System (Int. J. Agr. Syst.- IJAS) is published by Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) twice a year in June and December. This journal is an academic, citation indexed, and blind peer-reviewed journal. It covers original research articles, short notes and communications, reviews (including book), concepts, commentaries, and letters on a diverse topic related to agricultural systems including forestry, fishery/marine, and animal sciences. The aims of this journal are to provide a venue for academicians, researchers, and practitioners to share/discuss theories, views, research results, on issues related to the science, engineering and technology, and humanities in agriculture development, management, and issues in agricultural systems, particularly in the tropics. However, any other articles related to non-tropical agricultural systems are also welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 167 Documents
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Reproductive Biology of One-Stripe Spiny Eel, Macrognathus aral (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Das, Manas; Bhanja, Avik; Mandal, Sayan; Maity, Joydev; Mandal, Basudev
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i2.4866

Abstract

The present study provides important details on the reproductive biology of Macrognathus aral. A comparison of the one-stripe freshwater spiny eel's reproductive biology, including sexual dimorphism, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, gonadal maturation, gonadosomatic index, and fecundity, was made. During the breeding season, both sexes show sexual differentiation in body colour, males have dorsally brown, and ventrally whitish-yellow and females have dorsally yellowish-brown and ventrally yellowish body colours, which allows for sexual dimorphism. The male-to-female sex ratio was verified to be 1:0.72 (p < 0.05) by the Chi-square test (χ2). 50% of males and females attained their first sexual maturity at 17.5-19.4 cm and 19.5-22.4 cm respectively. The gonado somatic index value in males and females was highest in the same month of July i.e., 1.95 ± 0.19 and 14.51 ± 0.81respectively. The month of July had the highest number of stage IV gonads, which was a sign of spawning. The absolute fecundity ranged from 3312 ± 34.23 to 12321 ± 299.85, with an average value of 6822.56. The correlation coefficient of fecundity with total length (0.9297), body weight (0.8539), and gonad weight (0.9640) were highly significant (p < 0.05). 
Study of Microclimate of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in various Agroforestry Systems Sanjaya, Refki; Pangestika, Padhina
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i2.4774

Abstract

One of Indonesia's centres of pepper plant yields is Lampung Province. The productivity of the pepper is decreasing. Pepper productivity is declining, so selecting the right crop system, according to the needs of the microclimate of pepper plants, is needed to produce optimal productivity. This research aims to study the microclimate variations of several agroforestry systems, analyze the relationship of microclimate productivity, determine the ideal type, and evaluate the level of pepper productivity in various systems. This research was conducted in Aji Kagungan Village, Abung Kunang District, North Lampung Regency, at 450-1500 meters above sea level in January-April 2019. The research method used was survey purposive sampling, which considered the uniformity of the age of pepper plants and differences in the types of vegetation that make up the system. The data observed were microclimate, land condition, and productivity of pepper plants. Data was collected on five types of systems divided into four zones. Each zone has four observation points, observations were made 8 times with an interval of 10 days. The results showed that the determinants of microclimate diversity of pepper agroforestry systems were canopy area, density, frequency, and vegetation. In contrast, the magnitude of sunlight transmission, temperature, and humidity in pepper agroforestry systems was influenced by vegetation characteristics. The form of relationship formed by the transmission of sunlight and air temperature is positive linear, while the humidity of the air forms a negative linear relationship to the productivity of pepper plants in the agroforestry system tested while of the five types of agroforestry systems tested. Type 5 is the ideal pepper agroforestry system. Where the microclimatic conditions formed by Type 5 can produce the highest pepper productivity among other system types
Morphological and Physicochemical Characterization of Rhychoporus spp. on Aren Plants as a Food Source in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Korua, Sandra Augustien
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i1.5803

Abstract

Rhychoporus spp., commonly known as the sago beetle Rhychoporus ferrugineus, is a pest that affects aren, rumbia, and coconut plants. Despite its pest status, the larvae of Rhychoporus spp. have long been recognized for their value as food and as ingredients in medicine and cosmetics. This comprehensive research, which thoroughly investigates the morphological characteristics and nutritional components of Rhychoporus spp. found in aren plants in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, aims to provide a reliable and valid understanding of this species. The findings of this study have potential applications in the fields of entomology and food science. For entomologists, the detailed morphological characteristics of Rhychoporus spp. can aid in species identification and classification. For food scientists, the nutritional components of the larvae can be used to explore its potential as a food source and its applications in medicine and cosmetics. A descriptive method was used, involving field and laboratory research. The field study was conducted in Walensorit Village, Minahasa Regency. Morphological research used the Mizzi method, with measurements conducted using Carl Zeiss and Hirox KH8700 microscopes. The nutritional analysis included moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber content, using standard methods such as drying, Kjeldahl analysis, Soxhlet extraction, and proximate analysis. The average body length of Rhychoporus spp. was 28.574 mm, with variations in abdomen length (8.936 mm), pronotum length (7.899 mm), head size (6.299 mm), and pronotum width (6.508 mm). The physicochemical analysis revealed that the larvae contain 70.04% water, 3.66% minerals, 1.35% calcium, 1.18% phosphorus, and 0.66% coconut minerals. The protein content was 7.78%, fat 19.04%, crude fiber 0.62%, and carbohydrates 2.33%. These comprehensive findings contribute to a better understanding of the species and its potential uses.
Description of a new mite pest (Acari: Eriophyoidea) infesting Azadirachta indica from India. Sarkar, Sanjay
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i2.4915

Abstract

Among the Acari, eriophyoid mite is considered as an important pest as they produce various damage symptoms while feeding on plants. During the general surveys for eriophyoid mites from present study area a new species, Caleptrimerus neemivorus sp. nov. of the family Eriophyidae was found along the margin gall of the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae). This new phytophagous mite species was described and illustrated from the specimens collected at English bazar, Malda (25° 0' 39.0276'' N and 88° 8' 27.9528'' E.), West Bengal, India. Relationships of new species with other eriophyoid species are also provided. After proper diagnosis of the species it is found that this is the fourth eriohyoid mite species described from Azadirachta indica in India. This new species is a gall forming plant mite and causes damage to this economically important medicinal plant. For proper control of the mite pest, the taxonomic study of this mite and their relation to the host plant is very much essential.
In Vitro Evaluation of The Antifungal Activity of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Leaves Extract Againts Puccinia arachidis, Causative Agent of Groundnut Rust Jumar, Jumar; Perdana, Arga Kusuma; Saputra, Riza Adrianoor; Sari, Noorkomala
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) leaves contain several antimicrobial properties such as saponins, hydrocyanic acid, polyphenols, acetylcholine, potassium, tannin, phenol, riboflavin, and flavonoids.  Phenol is a compound found in plants that causes pesticide effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that breadfruit leaf extract contains phenol compounds with antimicrobial activity and can be used as a fungicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on the growth inhibitory power and percentage inhibition of Puccinia arachidis spore germination as well as the best concentration of breadfruit leaf extract in inhibited the growth of Puccinia arachidis, an agent causing groundnut rust disease in peanut plants in food poisoning method. This study used a single factor CRD consisting of 5 treatment levels, namely k0(-) = negative control, k0(+) = positive control, k1 = 10 % extract concentration, k2 = extract concentration of 20 %, and k3 = extract concentration of 30 %. The results of this study indicate that the breadfruit leaf extract significantly affected Puccinia arachidis growth with the presence of percentage inhibition of Puccinia arachidis spore germination. The highest concentration of breadfruit leaf extract as a rust disease biofungicide (Puccinia arachidis) in peanut plants in vitro at a concentration of 30 %.
Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compound as a-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activities Simplisia Cat Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) at Fertilization and Differences Harvest Rotation Time Malasari, Silvina; Miska, Moh. Ega Elman; Fauziyah, Qonitah; Selita, Neni
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i2.4813

Abstract

Cat whiskers are traditional medicinal plants with bioactive compounds like flavonoids like sinensetin. The development of cat whiskers as a medicinal plant is still constrained by the quality of the simplisia. Fertilization and harvesting are essential aspects of the cultivation of medicinal plants. The research aims to determine the proper fertilization and harvest rotation time differences to produce biomass production and bioactive compound simplisia in cat whisker leaves. The method used was a Randomized Complete Block Design composed of two factors. The first factor was harvest rotation, consisting of four and six levels. The second factor was fertilization, composed of three levels, namely 100 g Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculum, 2.1 g Urea (N fertilizer) & 2.7 g SP-36 (P fertilizer), and a combination of 100 g Indigenous AMF inoculum + 2.1 g Urea (N fertilizer) & 2.7 g SP-36 (P fertilizer). The results showed that the highest simplisia biomass production was obtained by giving a combination fertilizer (Indigenous AMF, N & P). In contrast, the highest simplisia bioactive compound production was obtained with indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) fertilizer or a combination fertilizer (Indigenous FMA, N & P). Production of biomass and bioactive compounds of cat whisker plants simplisia can be done by harvesting earlier every four weeks or extending the harvesting time to every six weeks.
Turning Waste into Nutrition: Harnessing Tannery Waste for Black Soldier Fly Larvae Cultivation as Sustainable Catfish Feed Alternatives Yuliatmo, Ragil; Maharani, Sakti; Nurbalia, Elis; Wibowo, Raden Lukas Martindro Satrio Ari
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v12i2.5195

Abstract

This study aimed to help reduce the lime fleshing solid waste problem by implementing utilization as feed for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. The BSF larvae were analyzed as a sample to determine whether it is safe to be eaten by other living species, especially catfish. The raw material used is lime fleshing cowhide waste from a leather tannery. The process included fermentation of lime fleshing waste with a formulation of waste: bran: water (8:1:2) for three days, hatching BSF larvae eggs for six days, and feeding fermented waste to BSF larvae (1000:1) for nine days, then baby BSF larvae dried, and BSF larvae were applied to catfish in a ratio (BSF larvae weight = 9: 5) for 12 days. Then, they analyzed the protein, calcium, and sulfur contents on the sample BSF larvae and catfish. We used the fermentation of lime fleshing waste with bran and water variables, which are well water, catfish pond water, and rice washing water, for three days. Then, hatching BSF larvae eggs for six days, BSF larvae cultivation for nine days, and application of the BSF larvae on catfish for 12 days. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, then continued using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of fermented lime fleshing waste was used on the BSF larvae, and the cultivation contents were analyzed for protein, calcium, and sulfur. The analysis result of the three variables has an average value of protein at around 6.06%, calcium at 0.041%, and sulfur at around 0.016%. The study concludes that BSF larvae, when combined with commercial feed and suitable formulation, could be an effective and efficient alternative feed for catfish while addressing the lime fleshing waste problem.
The Effect of Providing Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar and Moringa Leaf Local Microorganism (LMO) on the Growth of Sugarcane Seedlings (Saccharum officinarum Linn) Kasim, Nurlina; Musa, Yunus; Putri, Nurul Atifah
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i1.5504

Abstract

This research aims to study the effect of sugarcane bagasse biochar and Moringa leaf LMO's local microorganisms on sugarcane seedlings' growth. This research was carried out at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, in June - October 2023. This research is arranged in the form of an experiment using a Split Plot Design (SPD), with the main plot being the LMO of Moringa leaves, which consists of 3 levels, namely 0 mL/L water, 200mL/L water, and 400 mL/L water. The subplot is sugarcane bagasse Biochar dosages, which consist of 4 levels, namely 0 g, 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g per plant. Each treatment combination consisted of 3 plant units and was repeated three times, so that there were 108 experimental units. The study results showed no interaction between the LMO concentration of Moringa leaves and the dose of bagasse biochar on all observed parameters. Moringa leaf LMO 200 mL/L water had the best effect on the highest number of tillers. 100 g sugarcane bagasse biochar gave the best impact on the highest chlorophyll levels, the highest chlorophyll b content LMO, and the highest total chlorophyll content, while 150 g bagasse biochar gave the best effect on the highest increase in stem diameter and the highest root fresh weight.
Determinant Factors of Marital and Job Satisfaction for Working Women in Rural Indonesia Natasya, Betrin; Matsuoka, Atsushi
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i1.5862

Abstract

Investigating marital and job satisfaction is crucial to consider the empowerment and autonomy of women. The first purpose of this study is to analyse the correlation between marital satisfaction, job on farm and off-farm satisfaction of working woman in rural areas in Indonesia. And second purpose is to examine determinant factors of marital and job satisfaction, especially focusing on the decision-making of woman. For the above purpose, I interviewed 70 working women in two villages of Takalar Regency in South Sulawesi. The result showed statistically significant positive correlations between marital satisfaction and both on-farm and off-farm job satisfaction among rural women. This finding suggests a potential spillover effect, where positive experiences in one domain (e.g., marriage) may contribute to satisfaction in another (e.g., work). Furthermore, the data indicate that women with higher levels of decision-making authority experience greater marital and job satisfaction. An educational background was found to be an important factor affecting the marital and job satisfaction of working women in rural areas. The result suggests that increasing the situations in which women are involved in decision- making will increase marital and job satisfaction.
Effects of Cassava-Based Feed on Growth and Physical Performance of Broilers Daniel, Ebiakpo Lucky; Ukpong, Inibehe George; Saviour, Jonah
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i1.6339

Abstract

The study was carried out to assess the effects of cassava-based feed on the growth and physical performance of broilers. Fifty-one (51) day-old broiler chicks were used for the experiment. The birds were divided into two experimental groups; the first group had 25 chicks, and the second group had 26 chicks and was allotted two dietary treatments. Treatment A contained 50% cassava, 50% leaf meal, 50% maize, and 50% fresh soya bean, while Treatment B contained 100% cassava root meal and 100% cassava leaf meal. At the end of the eight-week experiment, Treatment B (birds fed 100% cassava root meal and cassava leaf meal, referred to as CSV/FM—Cassava Stem/Root meal and Fish Meal) had comparably lower mortality of 3 birds than Treatment A, which recorded 17 mortality cases. Treatment B also has a comparably higher body weight and mean weight gain than birds in Treatment A. The birds fed in Treatment B were observably more agile and more active, with comparatively excellent eating rate. The choice of cassava as an alternative to feed components follows that cassava is relatively cheaper, most commonly available in Southern Nigeria, than other routinely used feed supplements such as maize. Thus, to reduce the cost and high demand for conventional feedstuffs, especially maize, as a significant source of energy in poultry nutrition, up to 100% cassava, combined with fish meal as a common ingredient, can be used to replace maize and fresh soya bean in broiler chickens’ diets. When properly processed, cassava root meal can replace maize (as an energy source), and cassava leaf meal can partially replace soybean meal (as a protein source) in livestock diets, particularly for broilers and fish. Thus, up to 100% cassava could replace maize in broiler chicken diets to reduce the feed cost.

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