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International Journal of Agriculture System
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 23379782     EISSN : 25806815     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1236
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
International Journal of Agriculture System (Int. J. Agr. Syst.- IJAS) is published by Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) twice a year in June and December. This journal is an academic, citation indexed, and blind peer-reviewed journal. It covers original research articles, short notes and communications, reviews (including book), concepts, commentaries, and letters on a diverse topic related to agricultural systems including forestry, fishery/marine, and animal sciences. The aims of this journal are to provide a venue for academicians, researchers, and practitioners to share/discuss theories, views, research results, on issues related to the science, engineering and technology, and humanities in agriculture development, management, and issues in agricultural systems, particularly in the tropics. However, any other articles related to non-tropical agricultural systems are also welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 179 Documents
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Unveiling the Detrimental Effects of Concentrated Soil Management: Experience of Monoculture Cultivation in Telangana, India Srinivas Katherasala
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i2.5588

Abstract

The relentless pursuit of increased agricultural productivity has driven the widespread adoption of synthetic chemicals in soil management. Although these chemicals undeniably enhance crop yields, their long-term environmental impacts raise significant concerns. This study examines the implications of synthetic chemical use in agriculture, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable practices that balance productivity with environmental preservation and move beyond monoculture systems. By evaluating actual farming practices and analyzing non-regulatory policies, we highlight the challenges that our planet faces. Our investigation revealed several compelling findings: 98.2% of farmers now rely entirely on synthetic chemicals, and 87.6% have abandoned traditional tools in favor of mechanical alternatives. Furthermore, a staggering 84.8% of farmers adopted monocropping practices, particularly cotton cultivation, over the past eight years. Senior farmers, drawing on their extensive experience, expressed reservations about the effectiveness of livestock manure under current conditions. A significant 73.56% of respondents believed that livestock contributions may not produce the expected outcomes. As we explored this issue further, we recognized the urgent need to address additional contributing factors. Protecting human health and the environment requires a fundamental shift in current assumptions and practices. Therefore, we propose strategies that balance agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability, fostering a more harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
Mechanisms and Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. Against Major Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Pathogens In Sokra
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i2.6655

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) production in tropical and subtropical regions is under serious threat from fungal diseases, such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), powdery mildew (Oidium anacardii), vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and gummosis (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). For many years, disease management has relied heavily on synthetic fungicides, a practice that has raised environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, alternative and more sustainable disease control strategies have garnered considerable attention. Literature studies indicate that these fungi suppress diseases through several interacting mechanisms, including direct antagonism via mycoparasitism and antibiosis, as well as indirect effects associated with induced systemic resistance and plant growth promotion. Across various experimental systems, certain species, particularly Trichoderma harzianum and T. asperellum, have consistently demonstrated strong antagonistic activity against important cashew pathogens. Overall, the accumulated evidence supports the potential of Trichoderma spp. as effective, residue-free, and environmentally friendly biological control agents for improving disease management in cashew-based production systems.
Investigation of Water Quality and Lighting in Hydroponic Systems Tze Ching Ong; Yoong Chow Ho; Andy anak Buja
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.6690

Abstract

Hydroponic systems offer numerous benefits, including faster plant growth, higher yields, and efficient water and nutrient use. They are also ideal for urban farming and areas with poor soil quality, as they reduce the need for pesticides and minimize land use. The significance of water quality and lighting in hydroponic systems cannot be overstated, as these factors are crucial for maximizing productivity and ensuring sustainable crop production. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of water quality and lighting on hydroponic systems to optimize plant growth and yield. The initial work examined how variations in the type of water, namely tap water, rainwater, and river water, affect green bean growth. Subsequently, the best kind of water was used in the self-designed and fabricated hydroponic system to investigate the effects of white and purple light by measuring the growth of lettuce plants. Findings revealed a strong correlation between water quality and plant growth, with river water under purple light demonstrating a higher growth mean score of 0.90 cm for lettuce compared to rainwater, possibly due to nutrients and trace minerals sourced from the surrounding environment. This study underscores the importance of water quality and lighting selection in hydroponic systems to ensure maximum productivity. By optimizing these simple parameters, farmers can achieve higher yields and more efficient resource use, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural practices.
Effects of Different Water Sources on Growth Performance and Nutritional Composition of Hydroponic Maize Varieties Boma VICTOR IRISO
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.6697

Abstract

This study assessed the influence of two sources of water on agronomic indices and nutritional values of two varieties of hydroponics maize fodder. The experiment was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial model fitted into a completely randomized design, consisting of two sources of water (tap water and fish pond water), two varieties of maize seeds (OBA 2000 and Local white maize), and two harvesting regimes (8th and 10th day). The grains were cleaned, treated, and sprouted into hydroponics maize fodder using perforated aluminum trays of 36 cm x 45cm with a 3.5 cm depth for 10 days. All maize grains were manually irrigated using a plastic sprayer every 3 hours from 8am to 6pm each day. The results obtained revealed significant (P<0.05) effects of maize seed varieties, sources of water and harvesting regimes on the nutritional values and plant height, leaves number, leaves length, leaf width, fodder mat thickness, herbage yield and dry matter yield. OBA 2000 maize fodder exhibited higher (P<0.05) agronomic indices and nutrients than Local white maize hydroponic fodder in both tap water and fish water irrigated fodders on day 8 and 10 harvesting regimes respectively. Fish pond water irrigated fodders had higher (P<0.05) agronomic indices and nutrients than tap water irrigated fodders. Harvesting on day 10 had better (P<0.05) agronomic indices and nutrients than on day 8. Hence, OBA 2000 maize seed variety irrigated with fish pond water and harvesting on day 10 is recommended for maize hydroponic fodder production.
Biomass Potential from Agricultural Residues in Indonesia Fathimah Azzahra; Haydar Hacıseferoğulları
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.6720

Abstract

Biomass can serve as an alternative to fossil fuel consumption which causes significant harm to the environment and human health. Indonesia, being an agricultural country, possesses a substantial biomass energy potential. This study aimed to estimate the biomass potential derived from major food and plantation crops in over the past five years and present its distribution map across the country’s 38 provinces. Residues from paddy, corn, sugarcane, coconut, and oil palm are considered. The estimation of biomass potential from agricultural residues was calculated based on the average of 2020-2024 production data of related crops using equations from previous literatures. As a result of the study, the total available agricultural biomass residue potential (ABP) from these five crops residues was calculated to be 55.79 million tons, with a total heating value (THV) of approximately 857.44 PJ. The biomass potential from paddy, corn, and oil palm residues holds the highest value, approximately 98.23% (842.31 PJ) of the total estimated biomass potential. Among food crops, provinces with the highest biomass potential from paddy residues are East Java, Central Java, and West Java, while from corn residues, East Java and Central Java are prominent. For plantation crops, East Java and Lampung lead in biomass potential from sugarcane residues; Riau and North Sulawesi from coconut residues; also Riau, Central Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan from oil palm residues. It is expected that this study will contribute to the development of biomass energy utilization from agricultural residues in each province in Indonesia and that enhancing biomass availability could further promote sustainable agriculture and energy management in Indonesia.
Comparison of 2,4-D Alone and 2,4-D–Kinetin Combination on Callus Formation in Apium graveolens and Mentha sp. Rika Miftakhul Jannah
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 13 ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v13i2.6762

Abstract

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) and mint (Mentha sp.) are economically important aromatic crops. However, their propagation through seeds and vegetative methods is often inefficient due to low seed viability, inconsistent germination, contamination risks, and poor plantlet uniformity. Therefore, this study assessed the response of two plant growth regulator formulations for callus induction in both species under in vitro conditions using a descriptive analysis. Two media treatments were tested: MD1 (Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 1.2 mg L-1 2,4-D) and MD2 (MS + 0.3 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin). Observations were conducted on days 7, 14, 21, and 35 after induction (DAI) to assess explant survival, callus formation, and morphology. MD2 medium showed a tendency toward higher explant survival and greater callus formation percentages than MD1 in both species under the observed conditions. Callus initiation occurred between 7 and 14 DAI, with MD2 producing a greater proportion of viable and actively proliferating calli, predominantly characterized by friable-to-compact textures and lighter coloration. In contrast, explants cultured on MD1 exhibited a higher incidence of tissue browning and reduced callus viability, indicating the inhibitory effects associated with high auxin concentrations. These results suggest that a balanced auxin–cytokinin combination provides a more favorable hormonal environment for early callus induction than a single high-dose auxin treatment alone. Therefore, MD2 medium is recommended as an optimal formulation for early-stage callus induction in celery and mint, with potential applications in micropropagation.
Effect of Vermicompost and Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot Seed Syatrianty Andi Syaiful; Elkawakib Syam’un; Irma Jamaluddin; Fathurrahman
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.6909

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of vermicompost and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) cultivated from true shallot seed (TSS). The experiment was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024 at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. The study used a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was vermicompost dosage consisting of 0, 7.5, and 15 t ha⁻¹, while the second factor was LOF concentration consisting of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mL L⁻¹. The results showed that vermicompost significantly affected several growth and yield parameters. The highest vermicompost dosage (15 t ha⁻¹) produced the highest fresh shoot weight (27.24 g), dry shoot weight (14.89 g), dry bulb weight (13.47 g), yield per plot (0.95 kg m⁻²), and yield per hectare (9.49 t ha⁻¹). Liquid organic fertilizer also significantly improved shallot growth and production. The highest LOF concentration (7.5 mL L⁻¹) resulted in the highest fresh shoot weight (28.17 g), dry shoot weight (15.60 g), dry bulb weight (14.13 g), bulb diameter (27.67 mm), yield per plot (1.00 kg m⁻²), and yield per hectare (9.97 t ha⁻¹). No significant interaction was observed between vermicompost and LOF. The results indicate that both vermicompost and LOF independently enhance the growth and productivity of shallots cultivated from true shallot seed.
Physical, Chemical, and Morphological Characteristics of Bovine Hide Crackers in Acid Immersion Dwi Wulandari; Ragil Yuliatmo; Thoyib Rohman Hakim,; Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.7007

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the effects of soaking time and acid type on the production of bovine hide cracker. The materials used were 6 kg bovine belly hide, 3% citric acid, and 3% acetic acid. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two acid treatments (acetic and citric acids) and three soaking durations (0, 2, and 4 h). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test when significant differences were observed. The results showed that the acid type significantly affected (P<0.05) the protein content, pH, swelling power, and color of bovine hide crackers but had no significant effect on the yield, taste, aroma, or crispiness. Soaking time significantly affected the yield, protein content, pH, swelling power, color, and taste, but did not significantly affect the aroma or crispiness. The yield values ranged from 21.20 to 30.32%, protein content from 60.33 to 78.30%, pH from 5.50 to 6.85, and swelling power from 632.30 to 2,838.46%. Based on organoleptic evaluation, the hide crackers exhibited a slightly brown color, slightly sour to non-sour taste, non-fishy aroma, and a crispy texture. Morphological observations revealed that soaking in an acidic solution produced thinner cell walls and more air cavities than the non-soaked treatment, thereby supporting an increase in the swelling power of the crackers. Soaking bovine hides with citric and acetic acids influenced the chemical, physical, and morphological characteristics of bovine hide crackers. The selection of acid type and soaking duration should be adjusted according to the desired product characteristics.
Ecological Assessment of Seagrass Meadows in Liukang Loe Island, South Sulawesi Using Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI) Adelia Almira; Rohani Ambo-Rappe; Widyastuti Umar; Suci Rahmadani Artika; St. Firjatih Widhah
International Journal of Agriculture System VOLUME 14 ISSUE 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v14i1.7117

Abstract

Seagrass meadows on Liukang Loe Island, Bulukumba Regency, provide essential coastal ecological functions but are increasingly exposed to tourism and local maritime activity. This study aimed to assess the health of seagrass ecosystems using the Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI). The results showed that the two study stations had SEQI values of 0.84 and 0.85, indicating that the ecological status of the seagrass meadows ranged from Good to Very Good. These high index values were supported by the presence of nine seagrass species, an average seagrass cover of 35.48%, and 100% water clarity, all of which indicate favorable habitat conditions for fish. Therefore, integrated and sustainable coastal management strategies should be implemented to mitigate the impacts of human activities and ensure the long-term conservation of the ecological functions of seagrass meadows.

Page 18 of 18 | Total Record : 179

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