Global Focus
Global Focus is a bilingual peer-reviewed journal that issues bi-annually in April and October. The Journal is managed and published by the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya. Global Focus is an interdisciplinary journal that welcomes manuscripts of original empirical, analytic, and theoretical global studies. The purpose of Global Focus is to provide readers a broad, complex, and dynamic process of interactive decision-making that is continually evolving and responding to global political changes. The particular topics relevant to this Journal are international security, global political economy, global ethics and culture, transnational issues, and other related sub-fields. The Journal focuses on these main themes: - The rising of transnational actors/issues within global politics; - The alternative and beyond states perspective, and; - The interplay of global-local/international-domestic.
Articles
84 Documents
<![CDATA[Measuring Sustainable Livelihood in The Border Areas: The Case Study of Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 1, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2021.001.02.2
<![CDATA[This paper measures sustainable livelihood through the government poverty reduction program in Indonesia's border areas. We drew on primary field data sources and secondary data, including oral histories, in-depth interviews about livelihood, ecological, and documented evidence of environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional dynamics to identify the sustainability of poverty reduction programs. We use this information to understand whether the program is resilient or vulnerable. Cross-border areas are the most strategic position in building a country's image. One of the development priorities is to develop Indonesia from the periphery by strengthening regions and villages within the framework of a unitary state, especially the outermost villages and border villages. Sangihe Islands Regency is one of the border areas located in North Sulawesi Province. This paper is an initial analysis of the development of border areas and poverty alleviation programs in the Sangihe Islands Regency. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach is used to assess poverty reduction strategies in the Sangihe Islands Regency. The research shows that poverty in the Sangihe Islands Regency has become a main priority in the development program of the Sangihe Regional Government. National and Provincial governments support this program through the implementation of poverty alleviation. This program has had positive results, but it is vulnerable because it does not focus on sustainability.]]>
<![CDATA[Combating Modern Slavery: The Strategy of Indonesian Government to Protect Migrant Workers ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 1, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2021.001.01.2
<![CDATA[Economic migration create opportunities as well as humanitarian challenge. People travel across national boundary looking for work in the country destination. They would benefit their hosted as well as sending high amount of remittance for home. However, those dream were not applicable to all economic migrant when some of them fall victim into human trafficking. This research would investigate the strategy as well as challenges by Indonesia government and NGOs to promote protection of Indonesian migrant worker. It is imperative to evaluate state policies, state diplomacy, transnational advocacy network, and the nature of companies as agent of service provider. It would show how current practices and law has loopholes that create challenges for public private partnership to provide adequate support for Indonesian migrant worker. Investigation is conducted through interview, observation and literature review. The struggle to end modern slavery shall be one among priority in protecting civilian abroad, if the government is serious to minimize economic inequality and to change itself into welfare nation.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementasi Sister City dalam Menanggulangi Isu Lingkungan Hidup: Studi Kasus Kendari dan La Rochelle ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 2, No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2022.002.02.5
<![CDATA[The purpose of this research was to determine the form of sister city cooperation carried out by the Kendari City Government and Communauté D'Angglomération De La Rochelle in 2015-2018. This research uses qualitative research methods, by collecting data and information from sources through interviews and literature study. The results indicate a form of collaboration carried out by the Kendari City Government and Communauté D'Angglomération De La Rochelle, namely the exchange of information in the form of sending experts and training. In clean water services field, the form of cooperation was to increase the production and network of drinking water in the Kendari City area by carrying out a pilot project for the provision of drinking water for 24 hours / day and can be drunk immediately. In the city hygiene management field, the form of cooperation focused on sorting and managing waste in Kendari City. From the sister city collaboration, there were increasement in the experts’ skill and knowledge in Kendari City.]]>
<![CDATA[Editorial Foreword: Relocating Justice in International Relations ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 1, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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<![CDATA[The mainstream scholarly discourse of International Relations has had tendencies to prioritize stability and order over justice because of its state-centric approach. Yet, we see how that is no longer the case in the 21st century. The question of justice becomes increasingly prevalent as transnationalism, global poverty, climate change, and human rights violation are on the rise. The notion of justice in International Relations is not only concerned about the morality or the moral worth of the individual to be treated equally, but it also deals with who deserves what, how, and why. In these uncertain times, we are facing global inequality and injustice with grievances that need to be addressed worldwide. Thus, this second edition of Journal Global Focus (JGF) Vol. 1 No. 2 is dedicated to highlighting and relocating justice.]]>
<![CDATA[International Support for Democracy in Nepal ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 1, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2021.001.01.6
<![CDATA[This study explores the roles of international communities in the democratization process particularly in the post-conflict contexts of Nepal. Based on the main courses of Constituent Assembly Elections of 2008 and 2013 on the background of the civil war (1996 - 2006) and peace process, the analyses of related data showed that international community assisted not only to the peace process through playing different roles such as of a facilitator, a technical supporter, a monitor, a diplomatic good office in the peace process but also as a technical and generous supporter to Election Commission for managing free, fair and credible elections. The support was to the Election Commission, the peace process, to the legislature parliament and all these have made more contributions on institutional and managerial aspects for democracy promotion while equal focus has to be on the people’s level for deliberative democracy. ]]>
<![CDATA[Strengthening International Cooperation to Tackle Indonesian Women Trafficking ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 2, No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2022.002.02.1
<![CDATA[Problem of trafficking and people smuggling is very difficult to solve. Trafficking and smuggling of people in China for instance, involve routes that are not easy to track, managed by highly organized networks, and long travel distances to cover. Stakeholders searched and found it difficult to find their mode of transportation, which changes over time and very well planned. This research is qualitative in nature by trying to understand the situation in the research subject. This research used a case study in the design and employ primary data that is interview in almost 90 (ninety) percent with key persons that are directly or indirectly linked to the main finding of the research. By using concept combating Indonesian women trafficking, this research concluded that the Indonesian state through Interpol Indonesia has a national interest in combating the number of human trafficking in China district by strengthening international cooperation in providing, liaising, and facilitating the Indonesian women nationals under the international humanitarian crime.]]>
<![CDATA[ASEAN Vision 2020: The Implementation of Cooperation on Food Security ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 2, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2022.002.01.3
<![CDATA[This paper examines the implementation of the ASEAN Vision 2020 in cooperation on food security. The ASEAN Vision 2020 stated that ASEAN will strengthen their cooperation to enhance food security and international competitiveness of food, agricultural and forest products, to make ASEAN a leading producer of these products, and promote the forestry sector as a model in forest management, conservation and sustainable development. ASEAN had built a well-established framework of cooperation on food security. The establishment of the ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS) was praised as an ASEAN achievement in enhancing the cooperation in food security. Although, compared to the objectives of regional economic cooperation and military security mechanism, the objective in strengthening the cooperation on food security remains less significant within the ASEAN's discussions. The question is then, by conducting numerous frameworks of cooperation, did ASEAN excel to achieve the objectives in ASEAN Vision 2020 in the sphere of food security? This paper argues that ASEAN had successfully delivered some positive achievements in the scope of regional cooperation in food security areas. However, to some extent, some ASEAN state-members are still struggling with problems related to food security, particularly regarding food accessibility. The ASEAN growing market brings about a challenge for food supply and greater pressure for the association to ensure environmental sustainability in the region. Regarding its goals within the scope of ASEAN Vision 2020, the association mostly focused on how to achieve their deeper economic integration. In the area of food security, ASEAN has managed to set up a foundation for further regional cooperation under the framework of the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and ASEAN Vision 2040.]]>
<![CDATA[The Dynamics of Inter-firm Cooperation within Global Business ]]>
<![CDATA[ Global Focus Vol 3, No 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2023.003.01.1
<![CDATA[Inter-firm cooperation has been a long-established practice within the modern world of business. This paper, therefore, aims at examining this fact by tracking the dynamics of inter-firm cooperation in the past three centuries. The finding suggests that the purpose of strategic alliances among industries has altered after 1945. Industrial alliances prior to 1945 were motivated by increasing profits through market sharing, thus they operated like cartels. The cooperative capitalistic system was in question, nevertheless, when the idea of liberalism flourished after 1945. Major power such as the United States and its allies urged countries began to establish anti abuse of cooperation regulations and firms to start adopting competitive models of business. The inter-firm cooperation, in fact, did not diminish. Since the beginning of 1980s, there has been a trend for the re-emergence of the cooperative model of business between international firms. Unlike in the pre-World War II era, strategic alliance today has been established particularly within industries where innovation and technological development is crucial. Some factors have been identified as to shape this new development, including the governments’ permission, an increasing cost for research and development, the emergence new competitors across the globe, and the need for developing expertise. ]]>
