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EINSTEIN (E-JOURNAL)
Published by Universitas Negeri Medan
ISSN : 23381981     EISSN : 2407747X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24114/einstein%20e-journ.v11i1
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) is a journal managed by the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan. This journal is published three times a year (February, June, and October). EINSTEIN (e-Journal) is a scientific journal that publishes articles from the fields of physics. Various topics of physics articles that can be accepted in this journal are: Theoretical Physics Earth Physics Material Physics Instrumentation Physics Computational Physics Applied Physics
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)" : 14 Documents clear
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER COMPONENTS WITH A MIXTURE OF ABKS-TiO2 WITH PEG-6000 Putra, Rio Andika
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48849

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the mixing of Oil Palm Boiler Ash (ABKS) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as a filler for rubber compounds to improve the mechanical properties of rubber compounds which include tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, hardness and swelling tests. The filler used to make rubber compounds is ABKS nanoparticles and TiO2 with variations in composition (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) % by weight. The manufacture of rubber compounds is done by grinding SIR-20 rubber and then mixing it with chemicals, ABKS nanoparticles and TiO2 in an open mill. After that, the rubber was moulded with a size of 15 cm long x 15 cm wide x 0.18 cm thick at 45o C according to SNI 18 - 6478 - 2000 standard. The best composition of the mechanical properties of rubber compounds using ABKS-TiO2 fillers for tensile tests obtained tensile strength values at 6% filler composition which is 2.3 Mpa. Elongation at break with the composition of 4, 6 and 8% filler material is 90%. The hardness test obtained the hardness value in the composition of 8% filler material is 57 Shore A. As a result of the compound swelling test, the development value of the 4% filler composition compound was obtained, which experienced a development of 98.73% for 72 hours.
ENHANCEMENT OF SENSITIVITY, DETECTION RANGE, AND DETECTION LIMIT USING GA METHOD POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSOR WITH UREASE ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE ON PVA Sibarani, Willi Firmando; S, Abd Hakim
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48873

Abstract

This study aims to increase the sensitivity range of the width of the UV-Vis absorbance peak with Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking and useful to determine the level of urea in the urine. The potentiometer cell consists of an indicator electrode and a reference electrode. The indicator electrode is denoted PVA-Enzyme/GA/PVC-KTpCIPB, meaning PVA-Enzim as the first layer, GA as the second layer and PVC-KTpCIPB as the third layer. Biosensor with urease enzyme immobilization technique analyzed variations of urea 10-7-10-1 M. The potentiometric method of the biosensor detects signal and voltage (potentiometer cell). The signals that were analyzed for signal variables were symmetrical up and down signals of 2000 signals/second. Voltage was carried out by linear curve analysis, the results of linear curve analysis were the range of detection from a concentration of 10-4-10-2 M with cross-linked GA which increased the absorbance, the detection limit was 10-4 M, the sensitivity was 46.67 mV/ war reversibly and R squared (R2) which is 0.9839 is close to linear.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE SOIL LAYERS USING GEOELECTRIC METHOD IN ENVIRONMENT 2 OF RIANIATE VILLAGE TAPANULI SELATAN REGENCY Kristina; Doloksaribu, Maryati Evivani
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48965

Abstract

A research on the identification of subsurface layers using the schlumberger configuration geoelectric method has been carried out on the coast of Lake Siais Environment 2, Rianiate Village, South Tapanuli Regency. With the aim of knowing the identification of subsurface layers, rock types, resistivity values, 2D contour cross section using Res2DinV software and the relationship of the resistivity value of the subsurface layer with climatology data. The results collected on 3 tracks with a length of 155m have a resistivity value of 133Ωm – 3389Ωm on the first track, the second track has 140Ωm - 2768Ωm and the third track 705Ωm - 4358Ωm. The results were processed by Res2DinV software to obtain a 2D cros section. As for the relationship of field data to BMKG data, rainfall has decreased from the last five years from 3744 mm – 3534 mm/year, humidity has decreased by 0,01762% each year, air temperature has increased by 0,09270 0C. From these results, resulting in changes in resistivity value in the subsurface.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF BRIQUETTES FROM COFFEE GROUNDS WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL Nasution, Noraliza Hasanah; Rugaya
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.49010

Abstract

The making of coffee grounds briquettes was carried out at the Rena briquette house which was followed several tests then are done with the objectives of (i) to determining out the compressive strength and calorific value with the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) test. (ii) To find out if there are differences in the characteristics of the briquettes due to the influence of combustion temperature. (iii) To determine whether there are differences in briquette morphology due to the effect of temperature analyzed by SEM test. Briquette research made from coffee grounds waste with briquette combustion temperature using a furnace of 150˚C and 250˚C, tapioca adhesive at 10% for both different temperature variations. Molding using a hydraulic press with a pressure of 1900 psi. Drying temperature of coffee grounds and briquettes using sunlight. The heating value at 150˚C was highest at the third peak point at 154.52 cal/g, and lowest at the second point at 3.86 cal/g. At 250˚C, the highest was 12.86 cal/g at the second peak, and the lowest was 8.39 cal/g at the first peak. The compressive strength at 150˚C was 1.98 - 3.44 kg/cm2, while at 250˚C it was 0.89 - 3.19 kg/cm2. SEM analysis of the morphological structure of the briquettes at 150˚C showed carbon particles that were closer than other carbon particle structures with small pores. The distance between the particles is tenuous with other particles not yet perfectly bonded so that there is a void of space. Whereas at 250˚C seen from SEM analysis the morphological structure has a smooth surface and shows the distance between some carbon particles that are connected to tenuous carbon particles may be caused by cracks so that they are not bound together.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT CAMPURAN BATANG SINGKONG DAN SERAT AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI BAHAN PAPAN PARTIKEL Wahyudi, Arya; Siregar, Nurdin
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.49011

Abstract

Papan partikel komposit campuran batang singkong dan ampas tebu telah berhasil di fabrikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari pengaruh dari serbuk batang singkong dan serbuk serat ampas tebu dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan papan partikel, pengaruh dari limbah plastik sebagai perekat, papan partikel limbah serbuk batang singkong dan serbuk serat ampas tebu dapat memenuhi standar SNI. Komposisi partikel 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, dengan variasi perekat plastik 10%, 15%, 25%. Hasil karakterisasi sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis papan partikel yang paling optimal dihasilkan pada komposisi 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, dengan variasi perekat plastik sebesar 25% memiliki nilai kerapatan yaitu 0,44 g/cm³, 0,43 g/cm³, 0,40 g/cm³, 0,36 g/cm³ dan 0,36 g/cm³. Nilai kadar air 4,44%, 4,44%, 6,52%, 4,76% dan 4,65%. Nilai daya serap air sebesar 72,72%, 109,09%, 115,38%, 125% dan 154,54%. Nilai keteguhan lentur (MOE) sebesar 699,87 kgf/cm², 646,77 kgf/cm², 667,25 kgf/cm2, 576,65 kgf/cm2 dan 615,51 kgf/cm2. Nilai keteguhan patah (MOR) sebesar 232,23 kgf/cm², 218,07 kgf/cm², 186,55 kgf/cm², 155,95 kgf/cm² dan 199,03 kgf/cm². Diperoleh nilai kerapatan, kadar air, dan keteguhan patah telah memenuhi standar SNI, sedangkan daya serap air dan keteguhan lentur belum memenuhi standar SNI.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) WITH TiO2 NANOPARTICLE FILLER PEG 6000 Sinaga, Sufri; Bukit, Nurdin
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.49331

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor material that has great stability so that it can be utilized as a filler material for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastics. This study was conducted to determine the effect of TiO2 PEG 6000 nanoparticle filler composition on the mechanical properties of HDPE thermoplastics. TiO2 was synthesized with sol gel method and then mixed with PEG 6000. Nanocomposites are made by mixing HDPE with TiO2 nano filler in a rheomixer tool with variations in filler composition (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) %wt, then molded using injection molding tools with ASTM 638 type V standards and analyzing mechanical properties using UTM (Universal Testing Machine) test equipment which includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus. The results of XRD analysis produced a particle size of 22nm and SEM tests showed that the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles had a smooth and even surface. The sample with 8% wt filler composition variation is the sample with the best tensile strength value of 84.72 MPa, the highest elongation at break value in the sample with 4% filler of 35.5% and the highest elastic modulus in the sample with 8%wt filler composition of 729.33 MPa.Keywords: Titanium dioxide, HDPE thermoplastic, PEG 6000, Tensile test.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE USING GEOMAGNETIC METHOD AND ROCK MINERAL ANALYSIS WITH XRD TEST IN GEOTHERMAL AREA OF PAYUNG VILLAGE KARO REGENCY Syahputri, Maharani; Kadri, Muhammad
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.51272

Abstract

This research was carried out to know the distribution of subsurface magnetic anomalies and determine the type and content of rocks based on susceptibility values in the geothermal area of Payung village, Karo district. Field measurements use PPM (Proto Precision Magnetometer), GPS (Global Position System) and compass. The data was processed using Mag2dc and surfer 13 software, to obtain susceptibility results. Determination of rock content was tested using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Geomagnetic data collection in the field at 40 measurement points. The research results show that there are variations in magnetic field strength at each point with values ranging from 20 nT to 380 nT. This shows that the geothermal area in Payung village has a susceptibility value ranging from 0.0013 x to 0.0088 x and is igneous rock in the form of andesite lava rock and pyroclastic rock. Igneous rocks and pyroclastic rocks are the building blocks of geothermal energy in the research area. The minerals that make up the rocks of the geothermal area in Payung village are the minerals, Asbecasite () and the mineral Quartz (). The mineral has an orthorhombic crystal system with crystal size a= 12.2842Å b= 7.6537Å c= 7.5151Å. The crystal system of the Asbecasite mineral is trigonal (hexagonal axes) with crystal size a= 8.3180Å c= 15.2640Å. Quartz with a triclinic (anorthic) system with crystal size a= 9.9320Å b= 17.2160Å c= 81.8640Å.
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF TB3+ DOPED ON PHOSPHATE GLASS MEDIUM BY ADDITION OF FLUORIDE COMPOUNDS Simanullang, Elyzabeth; Rajagukguk, Juniastel; Hutahaean, Juniar; Sarumaha, Chayani Setiades
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.54202

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the effect of the addition of fluoride compounds on the photoluminescence properties of Tb3+ doped on phosphate glass has been found. with the composition of glass samples are 69 P2O5 - 20 LiO2 - 10 AlF3 - 1Tb2O3 (P-Tb1), 59 P2O5 - 20 LiO2 - 10 AlF3 - 10 NaF - 1 Tb2O3 (P-Tb2) and 49 P2O5 - 20 LiO2 - 10 AlF3 - 10 NaF -10KF - 1 Tb2O3 (P-Tb3). All chemical compounds are in powder form with a total mass of 15 grams using the melt-qunching technique at 11000C. To determine the quality of the material, measurements and calculations were made of physical properties including molar mass, density, molar volume, refractive index, Tb3+ ion concentration, Polaron radius, molar refractivity, reflection loss and dielectric constant. Characterizations carried out include FTIR, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer, Abbe Refractometer, Spectrofluorophotometer. To study the physical properties, the optical properties were examined through their absorption and luminescence spectra. The luminescence spectrum is known by photoluminescence. Characteristic luminescence bands corresponding to electronic transitions of terbium ions were detected under two direct excitations of Tb3+ ions. After 377 nm excitation, the glass sample obtained terbium 5D4→ 7F5 transition at 544 nm indicating green laser. The application of green laser has been investigated with CIE coordinate diagram.
INVESTIGATION OF DOMINANT FREQUENCY AND GROUND AMPLIFICATION BASED ON HVSR MICROTREMOR METHOD IN PANGURURUAN DISTRICT, SAMOSIR Nasution, Nazaruddin; Sirait, Ratni
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.57360

Abstract

In this study, microtremor wave measurements were carried out using the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) method to identify earthquake vulnerability in Pangururuan District, Samosir, North Sumatra. In this study, measurements were made at 4 points scattered around the area so that the data obtained represented data in the area. Measurement of signal recording data was carried out for 50-60 minutes for each measurement point. Based on the results obtained, the dominant frequency value of the soil is in the range of 2.29 - 12.78 with a very high classification at points RGR1, RGR3 and RGR4 with type I soil classification, namely hard rock, and point RGR2 is classified as low with type IV soil classification, namely soft soil. While the amplification value in Pangururan District is still classified as a low amplification category with an amplification value of <3.
MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL IN SEMBAHE VILLAGE, SIBOLANGIT DISTRICT, DELI SERDANG REGENCY Lubis, Rahmadhani; Sirait, Ratni; Lubis, Lailatul Husna
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.60753

Abstract

Sembahe Village is an area that is highly vulnerable to landslides. This is caused by steep topographic conditions and high rainfall. This research is intended to understand the characteristics and distribution of dominant frequencies, amplification factors and seismic vulnerability index on the possibility of landslides. Microtremor measurements were carried out in Hamlet 3 Sembahe Village at 2 location points which were measured using a portable seismograph / Pegasus for 2 hours with a sampling frequency. 100 Hz. Microtremor data was processed using Geopsy software using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method and each parameter was weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) statistical method in determining potential landslide areas. The results obtained show that the distribution of dominant frequency values (F0) is 5.36 Hz – 5.33 Hz, amplification (A0) is 1.84 – 1.59, seismic vulnerability index (Kg) is 0.63 x 10-3s2 / cm - 0.47 x 10-3 s2/cm. Based on weight analysis using the AHP statistical method, the location point that has the highest potential for landslides is point 1

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