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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 547 Documents

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Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Prapto Yudono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2016): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

Effect of The Substitution of Compound Fertilizer With Single Fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on The Growth and Yield of Soybean Among Eucalyptus Apresus Sinaga; Didik Indradewa; Priyono Suryanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 2 (2016): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The efforts to improve the productivity of soybean can be done through technological innovation by the provision of chemical fertilizers and mycorrhizae. This study were aimed to obtain information on the effect of a single fertilizer, which can provide the same or higher level of soybean crops if compared with those compound fertilizers, as well as to find out the effect of mycorrhizae to the improvement of efficiency in the use of inorganic fertilizers. It is expected that the mycorrhizae inoculation can reduce single fertilizer’s dose to the level equivalent to the compound fertilizer given by farmers. The study was conducted in Bleberan Village, Playen Subdistrict, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta from February to May 2015. It was conducted by using a two-factors factorial design arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was inorganic fertilizer (N, P2O5 and K2O), consisting of 5 levels, i.e. without fertilizer (0-0-0 kg/ ha), Phonska fertilizer (45-45-45 kg/ha), single fertilizer (45 -45-45 kg/ha), a low single fertilizer (23-36-30 kg/ha) and high single fertilizer (23-108-90 kg/ha). The second factor was mycorrhizal inoculation, consisting of three levels, i.e. without mycorrhizae (0 g), medium dose (2.5 g) and high dose (5 g). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%. If there was a significant difference, analysis was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test with a significance level of 5%. The relationship between variables observed was examined by a correlation analysis. The results showed that there was no interaction between inorganic fertilizer and mycorrhizal application. The dose of single fertilizer which was equivalent to the dose of compound fertilizer given to soybean could increase crops by 1.37 t/ha compared with plants treated with a compound fertilizer 1.13 t/ha. The results of correlation analysis among parameters showed that there were correlations between the grain crops and height (r = 0.506**), stem diameter (r = 0.303*), and the number of pods per plant (r = 0.313*).

Survey and Detection of Pectobacterium atrosepticum in Major Potato-Growing Areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia Ismiyatuningsih Ismiyatuningsih; Tri Joko; Sedyo Hartono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2016): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a seasonal shrub-tuber crop originated from sub-tropical area. Soft-rot is one of the most important diseases of potato. It can be caused by Pectobactorium atrosepticum, a pathogen within a status of quarantine plant pest A1 type I in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to know the incidence of potato soft rot disease and to detect P. atrosepticum in major potato-growing areas in Central Java Province by applying the serology method using DAS-ELISA technique. Survey of soft rot disease was carried out in some regencies in Central Java Province, i.e. Magelang, Banjarnegara, Wonosobo and Karanganyar. The field survey of potato plant in all the regencies indicated symptoms of stem rot which was black in color (blackleg) and foul-smelling, with disease incidence of about 10–90%. The laboratory testing showed that by applying DAS-ELISA method, P. atrosepticum was detected in samples collected from Pandean and Bagongan villages, district of Ngablak,Regency of Magelang, Central Java Province.

Yield, Capsaicin Content and Peroxidase Enzyme Activity of Four Chili Cultivars on Three Environments Mahya Nur Rohmah; Suyadi Mitrowihardjo; Rudi Hari Murti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 2 (2016): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The experiment aimed to determine the effect of different environment (altitude and drought stress) on the growth, yield per plants, capsaisin levels, and peroxidase activities of four chili cultivars. Capsicum annuum (‘Lado’ and ‘Gada’) and Capsicum frutescens (‘Pelita’ and ‘Sona’) were grown with standard cultivation in medium land (± 700 m asl, Kaliurang) and low land (112 m asl, Bulaksumur) in two environments i.e. standard cultivation and drought treatment. The cultivars were arranged in Complete Randomize Design with four replications in each environment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with orthogonal contrast model, while the GGE biplot was applied for identification of stability. The result showed significant interaction between environment and cultivar on plant height, fruit’s weight per plant and the contents of capsaicin. Medium land of Kaliurang had suitable environment for chili cultivation of four cultivars and the high capsaicin content of C. frutescens. ‘Gada’ was significantly higher than other cultivars for fruit weight per plant in all planting conditions, while ‘Sona’ had the highest capsaicin content and was stable in all environments. Drought stress increased capsaicin content in low capsaicin content variety, in contrast to high capsaicin content cultivar. Peroxidase enzyme activity of C. frutescens was significantly higher than C. annuum, while C. annuum cultivars also shown significantly different in peroxidase activity.

Risk Management Strategy on Shallot Farming in Bantul and Nganjuk Regency Fuad Hasan; Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto; Masyhuri Masyhuri; Witono Adiyoga
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 2 (2016): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The objectives of this research were to understand farmers’ perception to risk and risk management strategy on shallot farming. The research was conducted in Bantul and Nganjuk Regency. The number of samples taken were 57 farmers in Bantul and 90 farmers in Nganjuk. Analysis used was frequency table that disaggregate based on agroecosystem and cropping pattern. The result showed that according to farmers’ perception, production and price risk were high. Farmer's decision to follow dominant cropping pattern and production system reflected on the ex ante risk management strategies done by the farmers as their own respection. In the interactive risk management strategies, farmers tended to use chemical fertilizers over chemical pesticides. In ex post risk management strategy, in the failure of shallot farming, they kept cultivating shallot that their capital got on cash and input for shallot farming.

Various Shallot Seed Treatments with Trichoderma to Increase Growth and Yield on Sandy Coastal Stefany Darsan; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 3 (2016): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Sandy coastal area is a poor land, with minimal nutrients and low ability to store water and nutrition. Therefore, plant is difficult to grow well, consequently the treatments for improving sandy coastal is required before planting to support their growth. Application of Trichoderma as a plant-growth promoting and controlling pathogens had been known. Shallot seed treatment by Trichoderma agents was intended to improve and support plant growth and yield in the sandy coastal land. The aim of experiment was to determine the most effective treatment to improve growth and yield of shallot on sandy coastal land. The experiment had been carried out in Yogyakarta during August - November 2015. The factorial treatments of cultivar and Trichoderma applications were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The shallot cultivars consisted of Tiron, Crok, and Biru, while Trichoderma application consisted of control (no treatment), sprayed with Trichoderma, soaked in Trichoderma, matricontioning media i.e. rice husk charcoal and brick in combination with Trichoderma. The collected data related to plant growth and yield. The result showed that seed treatment methods with Trichoderma increased the plant height, the leaf area index, extensive root, net assimilation rate (NAR), plant growth rate (PGR), Nitrate Reductase Activities (NRA), total chlorophyll, and fresh bulb weight. The best technical treatment for cultivar Tiron was soaked with Trichoderma, and Crok was sprayed with Trichoderma, while Biru cultivar was using brick in combination with Trichoderma.

In Vitro Induced Resistance of Fusarium Wilt Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) by Salicylic Acid in Shallot CV ‘Bima Brebes’ Khusnul Khotimah; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 2, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cepae (Foc) is one of the most important diseases of onion in Indonesia. Induced resistance was one of the effective techniques to acquire resistance to fusarium wilt in shallot. Salicylic acid (SA) had been inferred to be in endogenous signal in the systemic acquired resistance response of plants. This research aimed to study the effect of exogenously added SA to resistance in shallot callus cv ‘Bima Brebes’ to fusarium wilt disease in vitro; and to determine the effective concentration of SA to induce resistance. A group of shallot callus was grown in MS medium containing varying SA concentration (0, 15, 20 and 25 ppm) in vitro for 2 weeks. Then, the callus were treated with toxin of Fusarium oxysporum, namely fusaric acid, to have observe the resistance response. In vitro selection was done twice in different fusaric acid concentration. Application of exogenous SA at all concentration did not suppres time of appearance of disease symptom yet. Toxic symptom in the callus was shown by the browning or blackening (off) of callus. Salicylic acid at concentration of 20 ppm effectively reduced the toxic symptom up to 16.66% and supported callus regeneration better than the concentration of 15 ppm and 25 ppm. The number of resistant callus regenerated was 66.67% at pretreatment of 20 ppm of SA.

Effects of Pyraclostrobin on Growth and Yield of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum Annum L.) Arizal Nur Hardiansyah; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 2, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Curly red chili was one of vegetable commodities in Indonesia used for seasoning of home cuisine, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry. Curly red chili cultivation needed fungicide to prevent fungal disease. Pyraclostrobin was a fungicide which could overcome fungal attack and improve plant growth. This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of pyraclostrobin application on vegetative growth of curly red chili plant. Research had been done in farmer’s land in Kemiriombo Village, Dukun Sub District, Muntilan District, Magelang Regency from December 2013 to June 2014. The treatments were assigned in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of P1: pyraclostrobin doses 1.5 kg ha-1, 30 and 90 days after planting (dap), P2: pyraclostrobin 1.5 kg ha-1 at 30, 60, and 90 dap, P3: pyraclostrobin 1.5 kg ha-1, at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dap, P4: pyraclostrobin 3 kg ha-1, at 30 and 90 dap, P5: pyraclostrobin 3 kg ha-1, at 30, 60, and 90 dap, P6: pyraclostrobin 3 kg ha-1, at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dap, and P0: control (no treatment). Data were analyzed by orthogonal contrast test with α=5%. The result indicated significant different in the dry weights of root, stem, leaf, and total yield at 12 weeks after planting; number of flower at 9-11 week after planting, 14 week after planting, and 18-21 week after planting; and number of fruits at 10-12 week after planting, 15, and 16 week after planting. The application of pyraclostrobin at all dosages could increase IAA content. The numbers of flower and fruit were influenced by the increasing of IAA content in plant tissue, but did not affect the yield.

Analysis of Soybean Availability in Indonesia Grace Natalia; Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto; Slamet Hartono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 2, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

This study aimed to determine the factors affected the soybean availability in Indonesia. This study used secondary data obtained from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), World Bank, and the Ministry of Finance. In this study, the data from 1964 to 2013 used to determine the factors affected soybean availability in Indonesia . The Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to determine the factors affected soybean availability. The results showed that (1) the data were stationary at first difference; (2) the data used co-integrated means long-term parameters; (3) ECT coefficient was 0.846 (significant at α = 5%) indicated the model used was valid. Soybean availability in Indonesia in the short term was positively influenced by the total planted area, total soybean consumption, and soybean import tariffs. In the long term, soybean availability in Indonesia was positively influenced by the total planted area, productivity of soybean, domestic soybean prices, soybean consumption, and rupiah exchange rate to dollar. In the long-term, availability of soybeans was negatively affected by the price of imported soybean.

Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Growth and Yield of Shallot in Sandy Coastal Land Sumiyati Tuhuteru; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 1, No 3 (2016): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The marginal sandy coastal land should be utilized to maintain production level of shallot. But for increasing the productivity of sandy coastal land, in the shallot cultivation should be applied biological fertilizers, such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The purpose of this research was to obtain the most effective isolate of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) to the growth of three shallot cultivars in the sandy coastal land. The research had been conducted in August-November 2015 at Samas sandy coastal land, Bantul. The Factorial treatments were assigned in Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks as replications. The first factor was shallot cultivars consisted of Crok, Tiron and Tuk-tuk, while the second factor was the PGPR suspension, i.e. control (without PGPR), PGPR isolates BP25.2 (Bacillus methylotrophicus), BP25.6 (Bacillus amyloliquofaciens), BP25.7 (Bacillus subtilis), BrSM 4 (Burkholderiacepacia), and BrSG 5 (Burkholderiaseminalis). The data of growth and yield were analyzed using ANOVA with α = 5%, then followed by DMRT α 5% . The result showed that Tiron cultivar was able to grow in sandy coastal land, proven from its good germination, high number of bulb, high fresh weight, and dry weight of bulb. Meanwhile, BP25.2 isolate was able to increase seed growth simultaneously of Tiron cultivar and BrSM 4 isolate was able to increase the chlorophyll content of Tuk-tuk cultivars.

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