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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 567 Documents
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Interactive Effects of Substrate Composition and Eco-Enzyme on Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) Growth and Media Properties Masdalifa Ula; Sitawati Sitawati; Euis Elih Nurlaelih
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.116743

Abstract

Optimizing growing media quality is essential for vegetative growth of geranium (Pelargonium hortorum), particularly under limited substrate volume in pot cultivation. Rice husk-based substrates are widely used in Indonesia due to their availability and low cost; however, their high C/N ratio may induce nitrogen immobilization and restrict plant growth. In addition, eco-enzyme application has the potential to accelerate organic matter decomposition and nutrient mineralization, thereby reducing the adverse effects of high C/N ratios and improving nitrogen availability for plant growth. A factorial completely randomized design was used to evaluate three eco-enzyme concentrations (0, 15, and 30 mL L⁻¹) and three substrate compositions of cocopeat, goat manure, and rice husk biochar (1:1:0, 1:1:1, and 1:1:2). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing the proportion of rice husk biochar reduced bulk density and increased total porosity and air space relative to lower biochar proportions, whereas water-holding capacity decreased. Eco-enzyme application accelerated organic matter decomposition, as indicated by reduced organic matter content and C/N ratio, while stabilizing growing media pH within the near-neutral range by the end of the experiment. Application of 30 mL L⁻¹ eco-enzyme to the medium balanced composition (1:1:1) increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and water use efficiency up to 55.2% compared to the control media. Thus, the experiment proves the synergistic effect of eco-enzyme treatment and organic substrate composition on improving the quality of the growing media and promoting vegetative growth in a limited amount of substrate.
Morphological, Physiological and Genetic Study of Black Ginger Plants (Kaempferia parviflora) Resulting from Gamma-Ray Irradiation Aulia Fikriatin Najah; Suprayogi Suprayogi; Prita Sari Dewi; Eka Oktaviani
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.116905

Abstract

Maize Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds yet exhibits low genetic variability in nature due to vegetative propagation, posing a major challenge for the development of superior cultivars. Gamma-ray irradiation has been widely used as an effective mutation breeding technique to induce heritable genetic variation. Therefore, to provide new genetic resources for future breeding programs, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, and genetic diversity of black ginger. The study was conducted at the Green House and Plant Breeding Laboratory of Jenderal Soedirman University from June to December 2025 using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments consisted of 7 irradiation dose levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 Gy) with five replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a 5% LSD test, while molecular analysis was carried out using RAPD markers. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that gamma-ray irradiation significantly affected the morphological characteristics of black ginger, including plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width, as well as the physiological characteristics, namely chlorophyll content and stomatal density (P < 0.05). Mean comparisons using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test further confirmed significant differences among the irradiation treatments. In addition, gamma-ray irradiation induced genetic variation, as revealed by RAPD marker analysis. Molecular analysis using three specific primers (OPA-01, OPB-02, and OPC-05) successfully detected polymorphism levels of up to 84.23%. Gamma-ray irradiation effectively induced genetic variation in black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora), as evidenced by changes in RAPD banding patterns and DNA polymorphism. These genetic variations, together with the observed morphological and physiological responses, indicate that gamma irradiation is an effective approach for broadening the genetic variability of black ginger and provides valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.
Heterogeneity of Arthropods on Polyculture System using Biopesticide of Chromolaena odorata and Eggshells Mixture Weri Herlin; Oktaviani Oktaviani; Fadhil Muhammad Raihan
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.117972

Abstract

Maize and chili polyculture systems have the potential to enhance agroecosystem productivity, but their effectiveness is strongly influenced by the dynamics of arthropods, including phytophages, predators, parasitoids, decomposers, and pollinators. This study inventoried arthropod communities by analyzing the abundance of ecological groups and calculating diversity, evenness, and dominance index. The aim was to provide an ecological foundation to strengthen integrated pest management and support the implementation of sustainable agriculture in line with Asta Cita's development direction. The research was conducted at the Agro Training Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. To obtain samples in the maize–chili polyculture system, several types of traps were used, including yellow sticky traps, methyl eugenol traps, pitfall traps, pan traps, light traps, sweep nets, and visual traps, which were placed in each planting bed. All traps except the light trap were installed between 06:00 and 07:00 and operated for 24 hours, except for the light trap, which was installed at 18:00 and operated for 12 hours. The diversity index obtained was H' = 1.15, indicating a medium category; the evenness value (E = 0.48) showed that species distribution was uneven; and the dominance index (D = 0.30) suggested the presence of a sub-dominant species. The most frequently captured species was Bactrocera sp 1, belonging to the order Diptera and functioning as a phytophage. Clustering analysis indicated a correlation between Bactrocera sp 1 and Bactrocera sp 2. Overall, the dominant arthropod functional group in the maize–chili polyculture system was phytophagous species.
Soil Arthropod Community Structure Across Three Traditional Land-Use Sites in Baduy Customary Land Endang Sulistyorini; Kartina Abdul Murod; Nurmayulis Nurmayulis; Susiyanti Susiyanti; Mirajiani Mirajiani
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.120328

Abstract

This study compared soil arthropod communities across three traditional land-use sites, namely Reuma, Jami, and Huma, which are located within Baduy customary land, with soil arthropods serving as indicators of soil health and ecosystem stability. This study investigated the activity density, diversity, dominance, and ecological roles of soil arthropods across these three land-use types, along with their relationship with key environmental variables. Soil arthropod communities were sampled using pitfall traps set along 100 m transects (ten sampling points per land-use type) and identified to the class and order levels. Measured environmental variables included soil pH, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, soil temperature, and light intensity. The data collected were analyzed using calculations of activity density, dominance index, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 537 individuals, representing two classes and ten orders, were recorded. Jami exhibited the highest activity density (241 individuals), followed by Huma (154 individuals) and Reuma (142 individuals). The Shannon–Wiener index (H′) ranged from 0.86 to 1.03, indicating low taxonomic diversity at the order level, while the dominance index ranged from 0.45 to 0.57, indicating moderate dominance by Hymenoptera. Predatory fauna dominated the community, comprising an estimated 93.66% to 97.93% of all collected individuals based on ordinal-level functional guild assignment. Soil organic matter levels (3.93%–5.88%) indicated naturally fertile soil conditions. Exploratory Pearson correlation analysis showed positive associations of soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil temperature with several soil arthropod orders, whereas light intensity showed negative associations. Overall, the three sampled land-use sites differed in soil arthropod community composition and activity density, with Jami showing the highest activitydensity.
Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizers Inoculated with Trichoderma Viride in Reducing Corm Damage Caused by Fusarium Wilt in Banana (Musa spp.) Siti Hardianti Wahyuni; Meiliana Friska; Surya Handayani; Jumaria Nasution
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.122170

Abstract

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases affecting banana production worldwide. Sustainable management of this disease requires environmentally friendly approaches that can suppress pathogen activity while improving soil biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different organic fertilizers inoculated with Trichoderma viride in delaying disease development and reducing corm damage caused by Foc in banana plants. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with eight treatments: untreated control, chicken manure, chicken manure + T. viride, cattle manure, cattle manure + T. viride, rice straw, rice straw + T. viride, and a combination of chicken manure, cattle manure, and rice straw + T. viride. Each treatment was replicated four times. The main variables observed were incubation period and corm damage intensity following Foc inoculation. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers inoculated with T. viride significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged the incubation period and reduced corm damage intensity compared to the untreated control and treatments receiving organic fertilizers without T. viride. The combined application of chicken manure, cattle manure, and rice straw enriched with T. viride provided the greatest disease suppression, resulting in the longest incubation period (30.00 days after inoculation) and the lowest corm damage intensity (18.70%). In contrast, untreated plants exhibited the shortest incubation period (12.50 days) and the highest corm damage intensity (86.00%). A strong negative relationship between incubation period and corm damage intensity indicated that delayed symptom development was closely associated with reduced disease severity. These findings suggest that combining diverse organic amendments with T. viride can enhance biological suppression of Foc, reduce disease development, and improve the potential sustainability of banana production. Therefore, this integrated approach represents a promising environmentally friendly strategy for managing Fusarium wilt in banana cultivation.
Classification of Salak Sidempuan Productivity Using Machine Learning Based on Soil Fertility and Rainfall Data in North Sumatra, Indonesia Surya Handayani; Siti Hardianti Wahyuni; Meiliana Friska; Jumaria Nasution
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.122182

Abstract

Land productivity assessment is important for understanding variation in Salak Sidempuan production under different soil and climatic conditions. This study aimed to classify Salak Sidempuan productivty using soil fertility and annual rainfall data and to compare the performance of five machine learning algorithms. Data from 500 Salak Sidempuan tree observations were collected from Marancar, West Angkola, and South Angkola, South Tapanuli, Indonesia. The predictor variables consisted of soil pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and annual rainfall, while productivity was divided into low, moderate, and high classes. Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, XGBoost, and LightGBM were optimized using 5-fold cross-validation on the training dataset and evaluated using an independent testing dataset. Among the evaluated models, Random Forest achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 66.40%, precision of 67.01%, recall of 66.47%, and F1-score of 66.46%. Feature importance analysis showed that annual rainfall had the highest relative contribution (24.8%), followed by C-organic (22.1%) and nitrogen (17.6%), while potassium, phosphorus, and soil pH contributed 13.9%, 11.8%, and 9.8%, respectively. These findings indicate that soil fertility and rainfall variables provide useful information for distinguishing Salak Sidempuan productivity classes. However, the moderate classification performance indicates that the selected variables do not fully explain productivity variation. The results therefore provide an initial data-driven assessment of Salak Sidempuan productivity based on the environmental variables included in the study.
Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Along an Altitudinal Gradient Jumaria Nasution; Meiliana Friska; Surya Handayani; Siti Hardianti Wahyuni
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.122271

Abstract

Altitude-associated changes in microclimate may influence leaf gas exchange and water relations in rice. This study evaluated transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Inpari Sembilan) along an altitudinal gradient in South Tapanuli Regency and Padangsidimpuan City, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Measurements were conducted at six locations ranging from 316 to 647 m above sea level, with 20 plants sampled at each location. Microclimatic variables, including air and leaf temperatures, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD), together with transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs), were measured on fully expanded flag leaves using a portable photosynthesis system. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance showed a non-linear pattern along the elevation gradient, with the highest values observed at intermediate elevations. The highest E (0.886 mmol H₂O m⁻² s⁻¹) and gs (0.055 mol m⁻² s⁻¹) were recorded at Sibong-bong (393 m asl), whereas lower values occurred at both lower and higher elevations. Mean VPD decreased from 2.37 kPa at 316 m to 1.45 kPa at 647 m asl. Quadratic regression indicated a relatively weak relationship between elevation and transpiration rate (R² = 0.218), suggesting that elevation alone explained only a limited proportion of the observed variation. Overall, rice leaf gas exchange varied considerably along the altitudinal gradient, with intermediate-elevation sites showing more favorable conditions for transpiration and stomatal conductance. These findings indicate that local microclimatic factors, particularly temperature, humidity, radiation, and VPD, should be considered together with elevation when evaluating physiological responses of rice across different agroecological environments.

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