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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 193 Documents
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The Effectiveness of Beetroot and Date Juice as Phytopharmaceuticals in Treating Anaemia in Pregnant Women Azkiya, Fadhila; Fairuza, Filda
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 4 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i4.387

Abstract

Anaemia during pregnancy is a health problem that has serious implications for the condition of both mother and foetus. Treatment efforts should not only rely on iron supplementation, but can also involve natural approaches that are more acceptable and safer, such as administering beetroot juice and dates. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a combination of beetroot juice and dates in increasing haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with mild anaemia. The study design used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design involving 32 pregnant women in their third trimester who were divided evenly into a control group and a treatment group. The control group only received iron tablets, while the treatment group received iron tablets along with beetroot and date juice intervention administered daily for 14 consecutive days, with a composition of 100 grams of beetroot and 50 grams of dates in each serving. The results showed that the combination of beetroot juice and dates was able to increase haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with mild anaemia compared to iron supplementation alone. This intervention proved to be safe, well-tolerated, and has the potential to be developed as a complementary phytopharmaceutical to support efforts to prevent and treat anaemia in pregnancy.
Correlation Between TNF-α Levels and APRI Score with Ejection in Hepatic Cirrhosis Thaher , Muslim; Yuli Pramana, Triyanta; Sulastomo , Heru; Redhono , Dhani; Pamungkasari , Eti Poncorini
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.454

Abstract

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a condition of heart dysfunction characterized by impaired myocardial contractility, left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic dysfunction, and electrophysiological disturbances of the heart. One of the complications in patients with hepatic cirrhosis is influenced by several factors, particularly TNF-α levels and the APRI score. This study aimed to analyze the effect of TNF-α and APRI score on ejection fraction in Child-Pugh C hepatic cirrhosis. Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 inpatients with Child-Pugh C hepatic cirrhosis at the dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional General Hospital. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling. Data analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation test and linear regression. Results: The correlation between TNF-α levels and ejection fraction in Child-Pugh C hepatic cirrhosis is r = -0.559, p<0.001 (moderate correlation). The correlation between APRI score and ejection fraction in Child-Pugh C hepatic cirrhosis is r = -0.445, p<0.001 (moderate correlation). There is a significant correlation between TNF-α levels and APRI score with ejection fraction in Child-Pugh C hepatic cirrhosis. The implication is that clinicians may incorporate TNF-α levels and the APRI score into clinical algorithms to monitor cirrhotic patients who are at high risk of developing cardiovascular complications.
Assessment of Water Quality in Rural Drinking Water Supply Systems in Yogyakarta Rif'atunnisa; Ni Nyoman Nepi Marleni; Budi Kamulyan
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.375

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water in rural areas remains a global public health challenge, especially in Indonesia. This study evaluates the water quality of the Tirta Wening Rural Drinking Water Supply System in Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, which operates two treatment facilities: SPAM 1 and SPAM 2. In order to assess each network’s compliance with national quality standards for drinking water, a total of twelve quality parameters were measured at six different water sampling points. These parameters include: (1) phys­ical properties—temperature, turbidity, color, odor, total dissolved solids/TDS; (2) chemical concentra­tions—pH, nitrite, nitrate, iron, manganese; (3) microbiological contaminations—E. coli, total coliform. The results show that the physical and chemical parameters have already aligned with their standards, except for TDS and manganese concentrations. There are two sampling points in SPAM 1 and five points in SPAM 2 that have a higher TDS than the permissible concentration of 300 mg/L. The manganese concentrations exceed the maximum standard of 0.1 mg/L at one sampling point in SPAM 1 and three points in SPAM 2. In terms of microbiological parameter, E. coli contamination was found at four sampling points in SPAM 1 and all points in SPAM 2, and total coliform exceeds 300 CFU/100 mL at almost all the sampling points. These findings highlight the need for improved treatment, routine monitoring, and household-level solutions to meet national drinking water quality standards.
Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Community Vulnerability in Coastal Indonesia: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis Wiguna, Reza Indra; Apriani, Lia Arian; Halimatunnisa, Maulin; Lestari, Mustika Ayu; Pratama, Edy Surya
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.381

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly exacerbating health risks in tropical regions, particularly in archipelagic nations such as Indonesia. This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize scientific evidence on climate-sensitive diseases and community vulnerability in coastal Indonesia. A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). The search was performed on 15 June 2025, covering studies published between 2013–2024. Of the 263 records identified, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria, consisting of 12 observational studies, 5 modelling studies, and 3 review or mixed-method papers. The findings indicate consistent associations between rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, flooding, drought, and sea-level rise with increased incidence of dengue, malaria, diarrhea, filariasis, and climate-related mental health outcomes. These climate-sensitive risks are amplified by structural vulnerabilities, including inadequate sanitation, high population density, dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods, and limited access to healthcare in coastal and remote areas. Most included studies originated from Indonesia and Southeast Asia, underscoring strong contextual relevance. The synthesis highlights that fragmented, sectoral approaches remain insufficient in addressing health impacts of climate change. Integrated strategies—such as climate-informed disease surveillance, community-based early warning systems, and strengthened cross-sectoral coordination—are urgently needed to enhance adaptive capacity. This review is limited by the absence of quantitative meta-analysis and the geographic focus on Indonesia. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs, higher-resolution spatial climate data, and interdisciplinary approaches to support more robust climate-health adaptation strategies.
The Effectiveness of Moringa Leaf Powder Capsules (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in Reducing the Severity of Anaemia in Pregnant Women Fairuza, Filda; Rahman, Sandy; Sukmiyant, Sukmiyant
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.386

Abstract

Anaemia is an iron deficiency that causes anaemia in pregnant women, which can have a negative impact on foetal or infant growth and development during and after pregnancy. One way to increase haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anaemia is to consume moringa leaf powder capsules (Moringa oleifera Lam.), which have haematopoietic activity and are beneficial in increasing platelet counts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moringa leaf powder capsules (Moringa oleifera Lam.) on haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with mild to moderate anaemia with haemoglobin levels of 8–11 g/dL at the Reva Medika Clinic, Lebak Regency in 2025. The intervention was carried out for seven consecutive days with a dose of 2 moringa leaf capsules per day. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a digital hemoglobinometer EasyTouch® HB (Taiwan) in accordance with WHO standard procedures to ensure the accuracy of the test results. The sampling technique used was the Ishak and Michel method. The research respondents were pregnant women aged 20–35 years with a gestational age of 20–32 weeks who had mild to moderate anaemia with haemoglobin levels of 8–11 g/dL and no comorbidities. The study was conducted from January to March 2025. The results of the study after administering moringa leaf powder capsules for anaemia in pregnancy showed that the majority of pregnant women experienced mild anaemia (27 people or 84.4%) and severe anaemia (5 people or 15.6%). A significant difference was found between before and after the administration of moringa leaf powder capsules for anaemia in pregnancy. The Wilcoxon Sign Rank test showed a p-value of 0.000  0.05. It can be concluded that the administration of moringa leaf powder capsules had an effect on anaemia in pregnancy at the Reva Medika Clinic, Lebak District, in 2025.
Factors Associated with Breast Milk Quality Related to Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Cross Sectional Study in Balai Agung Health Center, Musi Banyuasin Regency Marlini; Manisah, Manisah; Sakir, Icuk Muhammad
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.394

Abstract

The quality of breast milk is an important factor in supporting infant growth and health, but it can be influenced by environmental and behavioural factors, including exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to analyse the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke, exposure to household cigarette smoke, and breastfeeding patterns with breast milk quality in breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the Balai Agung Community Health Centre, Musi Banyuasin Regency. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 60 breastfeeding mothers of infants aged 0–6 months who were selected purposively. Data were collected through structured interviews and breast milk quality tests in the laboratory, then analysed descriptively and bivariately using statistical tests with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the majority of respondents were exposed to cigarette smoke (63.3%) and lived with smokers at home (70.0%). Mothers exposed to cigarette smoke had a nine times greater risk of producing poor-quality breast milk compared to mothers who were not exposed (OR = 9.00; p = 0.002). Exposure to cigarette smoke in the household was also significantly associated with breast milk quality (OR = 6.00; p = 0.015). In addition, non-exclusive breastfeeding patterns increased the risk of poor-quality breast milk by more than five times (OR = 5.44; p = 0.004). This study concluded that exposure to cigarette smoke and breastfeeding patterns are important determinants of breast milk quality, so efforts to protect breastfeeding mothers from cigarette smoke and strengthen exclusive breastfeeding practices need to be prioritised in primary health care services.
Community-Based Sanitation Risk Model to Reduce Childhood Diarrhea in Flood-Prone Urban Settlements Kusdiyah, Erny; Syauqy, Ahmad; Iskandar, Mirna Marhami; Darmawan, Armaidi; Aurora, Wahyu Indah Dewi; Sugiarti, Ratna
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.443

Abstract

Childhood diarrhea remains a major public health concern in flood-prone urban settlements, where inadequate sanitation and environmental contamination are common. This study aimed to develop and validate a community-based sanitation risk model to identify key environmental and behavioral factors associated with childhood diarrhea. An analytical cross-sectional design was conducted among 240 households with children under five years of age. Data were collected through structured interviews, household sanitation observations, and environmental assessments, covering variables such as water source, latrine condition, waste disposal, drainage, handwashing practices, and flood exposure. Bivariate analysis was used to assess associations between sanitation variables and diarrhea, followed by multivariable logistic regression to determine independent predictors and construct the risk model. The results showed that The two-week prevalence of childhood diarrhea was 27.5%. Multivariable analysis identified contaminated water sources (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.95–5.99), clogged or non-functional drainage (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.12–6.97), improper solid waste disposal (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.56–4.61), unimproved latrines (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.25–3.58), and inadequate handwashing behavior (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.40–4.38) as significant predictors of diarrhea. The model demonstrated good discrimination in identifying high-risk households. In conclusion, the The developed community-based sanitation risk model provides a simple, evidence-based tool for identifying households at high risk of childhood diarrhea in flood-prone urban settlements. This model can support targeted sanitation interventions and strengthen community-level disease prevention programs.
Flood Preparedness in Urban Areas: An Analysis of the Role of Households in Disaster Risk Mitigation Sudirman, Andi Aridhasari; Aslinda; Sudirman, Andi; Mahmud, Ratna; Nur, Muhammad Purqan; Rahmawati; Hasanuddin, Fitria
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.444

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most frequent disasters in urban areas of Indonesia, including Makassar City, which experiences major floods almost every year. Households are a critical unit of analysis because they are directly affected and serve as the first line of response during flood events. This study aimed to assess household flood preparedness using the Community Preparedness Index (CPI), which consists of four components: Knowledge and Attitudes toward Preparedness (KAP), Emergency Planning (EP), Warning System (WS), and Resource Mobilization Capacity (RMC). A quantitative cross-sectional design was used with purposive sampling of 100 households in Manggala District, Makassar City. Data were collected using a standardized 17 item flood preparedness questionnaire. The results showed that 53% of respondents had low preparedness, indicated by CPI scores below 60%. Distance of the house from rivers or water channels was the most significant factor associated with flood preparedness (p = 0.006). 76% respondents lived within 500 meters of a river or water source and generally demonstrated higher preparedness than those living farther away, likely due to higher risk awareness. Household preparedness is influenced by both internal and external factors. Strengthening disaster education, early warning systems, evacuation planning, and resource mobilization especially for high risk households is essential. These findings support the development of evidence based, community level flood mitigation policies.
Health Risk Assessment of Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) Contamination in Sediments of Palu Bay, Indonesia Paundanan, Matius; Hikmah, Sitti Ainun; Zulfa, Nely
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.446

Abstract

Heavy metals are persistent environmental pollutants that tend to accumulate in coastal sediments and may pose long-term ecological and human health risks. This study evaluated the concentrations of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in surface sediments of Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and assessed potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks through dermal exposure. Sediment samples were collected from ten stations representing residential areas, ports, river estuaries, and relatively open zones. Concentrations of Pb and Cu were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) after acid digestion. Sediment contamination was evaluated using the contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), while human health risk assessment (HRA) followed U.S. EPA guidelines. Mean concentrations of Pb and Cu were 6.61 ± 3.64 mg/kg and 20.70 ± 8.83 mg/kg, respectively, and were below international sediment quality guidelines (CCME and ANZECC). CF values (<1) and negative Igeo values indicated low contamination levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for dermal exposure were below the threshold of concern (HI < 1), suggesting no significant non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risk (CR) for Pb was within the acceptable range (10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴). Overall, surface sediments in Palu Bay show low levels of Pb and Cu contamination and currently pose minimal health risk through dermal contact. The results provide baseline data to support future monitoring and coastal management strategies.
The Role of Mothers in the High Prevelance of Early Childhood Dental Caries: A Atudy Among Toddlers in the Peatland Areas of West Kalimantan Rezki, Sri; Pawarti; Fathiah; Femala, Dian; Susatyo, Jojok Heru
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.451

Abstract

Peatland environments often rely on groundwater with low mineral content, which may increase children’s vulnerability to dental caries. This study examined whether family factors parental education, occupation, economic status, and parenting practices are associated with dental caries among young children. This descriptive cross-sectional study used a mixed-methods approach. The study was conducted at PAUD Dzafira, East Pontianak, West Kalimantan, and included 45 parent–child pairs selected through total sampling. Data on parental characteristics, parenting practices, and children’s caries status were collected. Quantitative data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, and qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo. The mean dental caries score was 3.91 ± 3.21, ranging from 0 to 14 decayed teeth. Significant correlations were observed between children’s caries and maternal education (r = −0.452; p = 0.002), family economic status (r = −0.300; p = 0.045), and maternal occupation (r = −0.535; p < 0.001). Caries-free children were generally characterized by early habit formation, active parental supervision, and consistent motivation. In contrast, inconsistent routines, inappropriate toothbrushing times, and limited parental ability to teach toothbrushing behaviors were more common among children with caries. Higher maternal education, stable employment, and better economic conditions are associated with lower dental caries among children. Strengthening oral health education, especially for mothers as primary caregivers, and improving access to affordable dental care are essential to reduce caries risk in peatland communities.

Page 18 of 20 | Total Record : 193

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