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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 198 Documents
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The Potential Use of Avocado Leavers (Persea americana) as an Antidiabetict Agent Kadek Abdi Saputra; Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani; I Putu Tangkas Suwantara
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.392

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when glycemic concentrations exceed normal levels. The use of natural ingredients such as avocado leaves (Persea americana) is an option due to the abundance of bioactive compounds that have antidiabetic potential. This article was written to present information and understanding related to the pharmacological activity of avocado leaves as an antidiabetic. It was compiled using a comparative review method based on data-driven literature searches. Based on the results of studies that have been conducted, it is known that avocado leaves have potential as an antidiabetic agent. In vivo studies show that avocado leaf extract can significantly lower blood sugar levels and regenerate the pancreas. In vitro studies reinforce the in vivo findings by showing high antioxidant activity (91.03%) and high α-amylase enzyme inhibition (88.95%), which is almost equivalent to acarbose. In addition, preliminary clinical studies show an improvement in glycemic levels in type 2 DM in humans that received avocado leaf decoction. Overall, avocado foliage extract shows great promising effects as an antidiabetic agent through various mechanisms, such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of glucose absorption enzymes, and regeneration of organs such as the pancreas and kidneys.
Development of a Raw Water Quality Detection System Prior for Municipal Drinking Water Treatment and Sustainable Environmental Management Icha Fatwasauri; Indra Fitriyanto; Bobi Khoerun; Fauzan Amri; M. Rayhan Yassar; Wahyudin; Heri
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.420

Abstract

Variations in raw water quality can reduce the effectiveness of municipal drinking water treatment processes, making early-stage monitoring prior to treatment essential for sustainable environmental management. This study aims to develop and validate a raw water quality detection system based on an ESP32 microcontroller for real-time measurement of pH, temperature, and turbidity. The research employed an engineering Research and Development (R&D) approach, including system design, sensor calibration, laboratory testing, and field validation. The study was conducted from January to March 2025 in Indramayu Regency, Indonesia, with field testing carried out on river water, seawater, rainwater, and groundwater sources. Measurement accuracy was evaluated by comparing sensor readings with laboratory reference instruments, and accuracy values were calculated based on percentage error and correlation analysis. The results show that the system achieved accuracy levels between 96% and 98%, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.9, indicating strong agreement with reference measurements. River water exhibited the highest turbidity value (86.4 NTU), while rainwater showed the lowest pH value (6.3), reflecting distinct environmental characteristics of each water source. Overall, the developed system demonstrated stable performance under real environmental conditions and can function as a low-cost and reliable early detection tool for raw water quality prior to treatment, with potential to support sustainable water resource management.
System Dynamics Modelling of Population Growth and Waste Management Landfill Capacity Sustainability in Palangka Raya Petrisly Perkasa; Wiratno Y Sigin; Ni Putu Diah Agustin Permanasuri; Yusuf Aguswan; Airways Parlindungan Siahaan; Riska Ovany
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.438

Abstract

This study analyzes the growing challenges of municipal solid waste management in Palangka Raya, driven by rapid population growth and limited landfill capacity. The research aims to develop an integrated dynamic system model combining population dynamics and waste management performance to project future conditions and evaluate policy interventions. Using a system dynamics approach, the study models population growth, household waste generation, landfill accumulation, and waste reduction strategies. Primary data were collected through field measurements of existing waste volumes and landfill capacities, while secondary data were obtained from official statistics and relevant reports. Model validation demonstrates high accuracy in projecting population growth, a key driver of increasing waste generation. Simulation results indicate that, under the current conditions, the Bukit Tunggal landfill will reach overload in 2018, revealing an unsustainable system. Moderate interventions produce minimal improvement, while an optimistic scenario delays landfill overload only until 2026. The findings demonstrate that achieving long-term landfill sustainability requires an extreme waste reduction strategy of at least 85% through significant enhancement of recycling, composting, and waste diversion efforts. The study concludes that incremental policies are inadequate to address the worsening waste crisis. Instead, a transformative shift toward high-performance waste processing and decisive policy intervention is essential to maintain landfill functionality and support sustainable urban development. The integrated model developed in this research provides a valuable tool for policymakers to design effective and long-term waste management strategies. 
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Health Promotion and Safety Training in Schools Fifit Eka Furi Astutik; Reno Bagas Andrean
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i1.473

Abstract

Health and safety within the school environment are essential to ensuring a secure and sustainable learning process. Data from the Ministry of Health (2022) indicate that only 45% of secondary schools have an established emergency preparedness programme. A preliminary assessment at SMK Atisa Dipamkara also revealed substantial gaps: 73% of students had never participated in a fire simulation, and existing training remained conventional without interactive media. Nutritional issues were similarly prominent, as 60% of students frequently skipped breakfast, potentially impairing concentration and physical endurance. This study examined the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based training model integrating fire emergency simulation and balanced nutrition education. The study was conducted at SMK Atisa Dipamkara, Tangerang, from May to July 2025. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 100 respondents assigned to VR and conventional training groups. Data were collected through knowledge tests, skills assessments, and Likert-scale satisfaction questionnaires. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in knowledge and skills among participants receiving VR training (p < 0.001), with outcomes superior to the conventional group. High satisfaction scores (M = 4.36; SD = 0.53) reflected strong perceptions of realism, interactivity, engagement, and active participation. VR-based training effectively addresses critical gaps in school preparedness and represents a strategic approach for strengthening comprehensive safety and health promotion programmes in educational settings.
Environmental and Behavioral Determinants of Filariasis Among Adolescents in North Sumatra Province: A Cross-sectional Analysis of National Health Survey Data Putra Apriadi Siregar; Rani Elviyanti Siregar; Desty Adinda; Muhammad Rezebri; Apriliani Apriliani; Prima Yanti Siregar; Sabila Pratiwi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.354

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis remains a public health problem in North Sumatra Province, but research focusing on adolescents as a “hidden reservoir” in the transmission chain is still very limited. Most previous studies have focused on adult populations or small endemic clusters, thereby neglecting the specific risk dynamics in younger age groups. This study aims to analyze environmental and behavioral determinants that influence the incidence of filariasis specifically in the adolescent population in North Sumatra using provincial-level data. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas). A total of 13,860 individuals were included from all 33 districts/cities in North Sumatra using a census block sampling method. The dependent variable was filariasis incidence. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, ventilation adequacy, waste management, and mosquito prevention practices (e.g., repellent use, insecticide-treated nets). Data analysis was performed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to determine significant associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Among households surveyed, only 50.2% had adequate bedroom ventilation, while 91.4% had uncovered garbage, serving as potential mosquito breeding grounds. Insecticide-treated net usage was low (38%), and nearly half of the adolescents did not use repellents. Garbage disposal was significantly associated with filariasis incidence in all demographic groups (p < 0.001). Repellent use showed a protective association among rural residents (p = 0.02) and females (p = 0.018). Homes equipped with window screens had lower infection rates. The risk of filariasis in adolescents in North Sumatra is predominantly triggered by the failure of the household waste management system and the lack of physical protection of residential ventilation. The insignificance of mosquito net use confirms that transmission among adolescents occurs more through interaction with vector habitats outdoors or during nocturnal activities. Health interventions should shift from mass treatment to improving environmental sanitation and educating adolescents on adaptive self-protection behaviors.
Analysis of pH and Total Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Rainwater Based on the Materials and Maintenance of Rainwater Harvesting Systems Ashifatul Azizah; Khoiron Khoiron; Ellyke Ellyke; Muhammad Addin Rizaldi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.408

Abstract

The present study investigates variations in the quality of rainwater, with a focus on the materials and maintenance practices employed in rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems within Ploso Hamlet, Plosobuden Village, Lamongan Regency. The aim of the present study is to monitor pH levels and to identify the presence of total coliform contamination. The present study employed a descriptive quantitative approach, with 30 RWH units being purposively selected from a total of 106. The data were collected through three means: observation, in-depth interviews, and laboratory testing. The result of this study shows that rainwater was contaminated with coliform bacteria, with a mean value of 3.6 MPN/100 ml and a maximum value of >1600 MPN/100 ml, which exceeds the standard for drinking water (0 MPN/100 ml). Furthermore, 48.3% of samples exhibited a pH value that exceeded the acceptable range, with the highest recorded value being 10.7.  Maintenance was substandard, with 66.7% of respondents admitting to cleaning their tanks only once a year. Furthermore, none had received education on proper maintenance. In conclusion, the analysis indicates that harvested rainwater in Ploso Hamlet does not conform to the criteria for direct consumption. The study identifies the presence of biological contamination and improper pH levels as the primary causes of the water's unsuitability for human consumption. It is recommended that the knowledge base be augmented through the implementation of a health education programme, complemented by enhanced filtration measures.
Platelet to cholesterol ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with diabetes and comorbidity risk Ani Umar; Firdayanti; Heni Umar; Angriani Fusvita; Susanti; Sri Aprilianti Idris
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.452

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between platelet to HDL cholesterol (Platelet to HDL Ratio / PHR) ratio and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as evaluate the ability of PHR as a predictor of comorbidity risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. The discriminatory ability of the model is evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), with the area under the curve (AUC) used to measure the model's performance. Sensitivity and specificity. This study used a cross-sectional observational design with 220 participants (110 type 2 diabetes patients and 110 non-diabetic controls) from the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial General Hospital. Samples were selected based on inclusion criteria (age 30–70 years, for the diabetes group) and exclusion (such as anemia or use of anticoagulant drugs). Data were collected through clinical examinations (age, BMI, blood pressure, platelet count, HDL). PHR is calculated as the number of platelets (per μL) divided by HDL levels (mg/dL). Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC curve with SPSS software (p < 0.05). The results showed that PHR was significantly higher in the diabetes group with comorbidities (mean 5.49±2.10) than in healthy individuals (4.25±2.39; p < 0.001). The ROC curve shows an AUC of 0.70 for PHR in predicting comorbidity risk, better than HDL alone (AUC 0.55). This study shows that platelet-to-HDL ratio (PHR) is proven to be a simple and economical potential biomarker for detecting an association with diabetes and predicting the risk of vascular comorbidities. These findings support the use of PHR in routine clinical practice, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This research contributes to the strategy for the early prevention of diabetes complications through easily accessible hematological parameters.
Integrating Hospital Safety Index and HRM to Enhance Disaster Preparedness Yoki Muchsam; Mulfi Sandi Yuda; Fani Ananda Prisilia; Dina Destiani
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.453

Abstract

Flooding is a catastrophic environmental health risk in Bekasi Regency and has continually posed adverse impacts on hospital operation interruptions and patient safety. These effects highlight the importance of environmentally literate and people-focused preparedness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a combined model for managing the hospital safety and human resource planning which introduced the Hospital Safety Index (HSI) and human resource management into a competency-based approach, aiming that hospitals be able to provide their essential services throughout environmental events. This was a qualitative case study on Bekasi Regional General Hospital in flood-prone area. Three in-depth interviews were conducted with hospital decision makers, doctors and nurses as well as K3RS staff; two Focus Group Discussions; questionnaires and document analysis. Based on a modified HSI instrument (40 HOSDIP items), SWOT-TOWS matrices, and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) indicators, environmental safety readiness and HRM-driven response mechanisms were evaluated in this research. The results reveal that the HSI of the hospital is in Category B (moderate safe) mainly due to important gaps in Staff training, Emergency operations coordination and Logistic which directly impacts on the capacity of the facility to manage environmental health risks during flooding. The embedding of HRM in HSI-based assessments enhanced strategic fit and facilitated the development of more flexible preparedness capabilities aligned with BSC themes. The results show that HSI-HRM-BSC composes an evidential model for enhancing hospital resilience to environmental hazards. That preparedness is not only based on safe infrastructure, but also involves the management of competent, coordinated and adaptable human resources which stresses the centrality of people‐centred approaches for mitigating health impacts from environmental disasters.  

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