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Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 29873924     EISSN : 29872286     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/mikailalsys
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science : MIKAILALSYS [2987-3924 (Print) and 2987-2286 (Online)] is a double blind peer reviewed and open access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Multidisciplinary Science. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students and policy makers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical review. All articles should be in English or Arabic. MIKAILALSYS publishes 3 editions a year in April, August, and December (Unless there is co-publication with conference organizers). MIKAILALSYS journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 33 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS" : 33 Documents clear
A Comparative Analysis of Microbial Load and Diversity in Fresh and Smoked Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Selected Markets in Delta State, Nigeria Uche, Odozie Esther; C.S.O, Otoikhian; B.O, Bosah; D.S, Elkanah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8092

Abstract

This study evaluated the microbiological quality and safety of fresh and smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) obtained from five markets (Amai, Umutu, Abbey, Obiaruku, Kwale) in Delta State, Nigeria, during both rainy and dry seasons. A total of 50 samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate count, coliform count, and specific microbial isolates using standard microbiological and biochemical methods, and the results were benchmarked against Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) guidelines. The findings showed that the microbial quality of fresh fish was variable, with gill samples from Amai and Obiaruku in the rainy season exhibiting marginal levels of contamination (10³ CFU/g), whereas all smoked fish samples, irrespective of market or season, had satisfactory and significantly lower microbial loads (10¹–10² CFU/g), confirming the effectiveness of smoking as a preservation technique. Bacteriological analysis of fresh fish identified potential pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Klebsiella sp., while mycological assessment revealed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor, and Fusarium species. The study concludes that, although smoking markedly improves the microbiological safety of catfish, the initially high contamination levels in fresh fish, especially the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria and potentially mycotoxigenic fungi—pose a significant public health risk and indicate critical points of post-harvest contamination within the supply chain that require targeted control measures.
A Hybrid Elzaki Transform-Daftardar-Jafari Method for Solving Nonlinear Proportional Delay Differential Equations L. N., Sanda; J. O., Okai; U.M., Nasir; Mujahid, U. A.; Cornelius, Michael; G.S., Ndam
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8106

Abstract

Proportional delay differential equations (PDDEs) arise naturally in viscoelasticity, control theory, biology, population dynamics, and fractional-order physical models in which the future state depends on the value of the solution at a proportion of the current time, but their nonlinear nature and delay terms make analytic treatment challenging. This study develops a hybrid computational scheme that combines the Elzaki Transform (ET) and the Daftardar–Jafari Method (DJM) to obtain accurate analytical–approximate solutions for linear and nonlinear PDDEs. In the proposed approach, the Elzaki transform converts the PDDE into an algebraic functional equation, which is subsequently decomposed using DJM without the need for Adomian polynomials. The method is straightforward, computationally efficient, and capable of handling strong nonlinearities. Several illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate its efficiency, and the results confirm that the ET–DJM hybrid provides a powerful alternative to classical methods such as the Laplace transform, Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), and homotopy analysis methods.
Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Industries Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Egbeleke, Tawakalit Adeola; Fashogbon, Racheal Oluwayemisi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8137

Abstract

Microbial enzymes, produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, have emerged as indispensable biocatalysts across multiple industrial sectors due to their efficiency, versatility, and activity under diverse environmental conditions. This review aims to highlight the major industrial applications of microbial enzymes and synthesize evidence on their functional roles in contemporary bioprocesses. More than 80 published articles, textbooks, and newsletters were retrieved from reputable platforms, of which approximately 50 were selected for detailed analysis based on relevance and quality. The reviewed literature shows that enzymes now play critical roles in everyday life, with broad applications in medicine, pharmacy, environmental remediation, food processing, detergent manufacture, and energy production. In the detergent industry, amylases, lipases, and proteases are used to break down starch, fats, oils, and proteins, thereby enhancing washing efficiency. In the food sector, microbial enzymes support milk hydrolysis in cheese production, contributing to characteristic flavour development, and are widely employed in fruit juice clarification. In the energy sector, cellulases, xylanases, and lignin-degrading enzymes enable the breakdown of lignocellulosic substrates to release reducing sugars for biofuel production. Medically, L-asparaginase has been used in the treatment of leukaemia, while laccases are applied in the degradation of dyes and the reduction of chemical waste in environmental applications. The diversity of microbial sources allows these enzymes to function under extreme conditions, expanding their usability across varied industrial environments. Overall, the review concludes that microbial enzymes have extensive and growing industrial relevance, underscoring the need for continued research and development to optimize their production, stability, and application in sustainable biotechnological processes.
Investigating the Influence of Radiation Pressure on the Stability of Lagrangian Points in Celestial Mechanics Aliyu, Shehu Adamu; Ismail, Habujika Abdulhadi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8179

Abstract

Lagrangian points represent critical equilibrium configurations in celestial mechanics where gravitational and centrifugal forces balance, enabling small bodies to maintain relative positions with respect to two primary masses. This study investigates the location and stability of these points under the influence of radiative forces, with a particular focus on the role of radiation pressure in modifying gravitational equilibrium. Using a mathematical modeling approach, the research derives expressions for the collinear and triangular Lagrangian points and examines how radiation pressure affects their equilibrium configurations. The analysis shows that the positions of the collinear points shift as a function of the radiation parameter, while the stability characteristics of the triangular points are governed by the mass ratio of the system. These findings refine the theoretical understanding of Lagrangian dynamics in radiating systems and highlight the sensitivity of equilibrium configurations to radiative effects. The study concludes that incorporating radiation pressure is essential for accurately characterizing gravitational equilibrium in realistic astrophysical and space mission scenarios, thereby providing a more robust foundation for celestial navigation, satellite deployment, and space mission design, and contributing to a deeper understanding of orbital mechanics relevant to future space exploration missions.
Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis with Natural Language Processing: Insights from Selected Nigeria Languages (Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, and Nigerian Pidgin) Abdulyekeen, Rilwan; Abdullahi, Bashir Abbayaro
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8596

Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays a pivotal role in sentiment analysis, particularly in multilingual societies such as Nigeria, where languages like Igbo, Hausa, Yoruba, and Pidgin English coexist yet remain largely underrepresented in existing NLP tools and resources. This study aims to develop a sentiment analysis framework specifically tailored to Nigeria’s four major languages, addressing key challenges including code-mixing, tonal variations, and the scarcity of annotated datasets. The research leverages existing linguistic studies on these languages while constructing customized annotated datasets and designing models optimized for their structural and phonological properties. By systematically integrating linguistic insights with task-specific model development for low-resource settings, the proposed framework is designed to handle multilingual and code-mixed inputs more effectively than generic NLP systems. The study concludes that a targeted, language-aware approach is essential for improving sentiment analysis performance in underrepresented African languages and for ensuring that NLP technologies reflect the linguistic realities of multilingual societies. The contributions of this research lie in advancing multilingual sentiment analysis for low-resource African languages, providing methodological guidance for handling code-mixing and tonal features, and supporting practical applications in business intelligence, governance, public opinion mining, and social media analytics.
Applications of Microbial Proteases: A Review Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Odeyale, Christiana Ify
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8630

Abstract

Microbial proteases have attracted increasing attention as eco-friendly biocatalysts because of their broad functional versatility and advantages over proteases derived from plants and animals. This review examines the major sources, classification, production methods, and sectoral applications of microbial proteases. Produced by bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, microbial proteases are classified according to optimum pH range, catalytic mechanism, and site of action, and are commonly generated through submerged and solid-state fermentation. The review shows that these enzymes have diverse industrial applications in detergent, leather and tanning, food and dairy, brewing and beverage processing, and textile production. In medical and pharmaceutical contexts, microbial proteases are applied in wound debridement and healing, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. In agriculture, they support animal feed supplementation by improving protein digestion and function as biological control agents by disrupting pathogen attachment, penetration, and colonization of plant tissues. In the environmental sector, their applications include waste management, bioremediation, and the recycling of keratinous and other protein-rich wastes. Overall, this review underscores the wide-ranging utility of microbial proteases across industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental sectors, highlighting their potential as sustainable biological agents for diverse biotechnological applications.
Transformative Innovations in Tuberculosis Control: Advancing Diagnostics, Treatment, and Prevention for Global Elimination Abdulhakeem, Abdulsalam Oladipupo; Sununu, Amina Tanko; Alshabrawi, Faisal
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8726

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health threat, driven by undiagnosed infections, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, and persistent weaknesses in health-care delivery systems, particularly in high-burden regions, thereby undermining progress toward the World Health Organization 2030 TB elimination targets. This study aimed to synthesize recent transformative innovations in TB diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and to evaluate their collective potential to accelerate global TB control. Using a narrative synthesis approach, the study reviewed evidence from late-stage clinical trials, implementation studies, and policy-relevant literature, with a focus on novel molecular diagnostics, artificial intelligence-assisted imaging, shortened drug regimens, genomic surveillance, and emerging TB vaccines. The synthesis indicates that rapid molecular tools, including Xpert MTB/XDR, enable genotypic drug-resistance profiling within 90 minutes, while CRISPR-based non-sputum assays improve detection in low-bacterial-load cases. Artificial intelligence-enabled radiology systems show diagnostic accuracy comparable to expert readers, supporting scalable screening in resource-limited settings. In treatment, the 6-month all-oral BPaLM/BPaL regimen demonstrates higher treatment success and adherence than conventional regimens, further strengthened by genomic surveillance for real-time resistance monitoring. In prevention, the M72/AS01E vaccine shows approximately 50% efficacy in preventing active TB, representing a substantial advance for high-risk populations. Overall, the convergence of advanced diagnostics, simplified treatment, and effective vaccination provides a realistic pathway toward TB elimination; however, equitable access, health-system readiness, and effective implementation across diverse epidemiological settings remain essential to achieving population-level impact.
Integrated Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Susceptibility Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals High Burden of Multidrug Resistance in Northwest Nigeria Tubi, Abiola Olajumoke; Gyar, Silas D.; Ngwai, Yakubu Boyi; Owuna, Jibril Egwu; Mafe, Alice Njolke
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8824

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance remains a major public health challenge in Northwest Nigeria, undermining effective disease control and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients attending TB Reference Centres, with particular focus on first-line, second-line, repurposed, and new anti-TB drugs. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 503 presumptive TB cases. MTB detection and rifampicin resistance were screened using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, genotypic resistance was assessed using Line Probe Assay, and phenotypic susceptibility was evaluated through Lowenstein–Jensen culture and MGIT Bactec 960. Associations between conventional drugs, repurposed drugs (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid), and the new drug bedaquiline with multidrug-resistant TB were analyzed using chi-square tests. The results confirmed MTB in 122 patients (24.3%), including 34 rifampicin-resistant cases (28.0%). Genotypic testing showed that 11 isolates (9.0%) were resistant to at least one drug, whereas 111 isolates (90.9%) were pan-susceptible. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB was 17.9%, with high susceptibility to levofloxacin (95.9%) and moxifloxacin (97.5%). Chi-square analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between conventional, repurposed, and new anti-TB drugs and multidrug-resistant TB (p < .001). Discordance between phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility testing was also observed. Geographically, TB hotspots were identified in Sokoto, Kaduna, and Kano, while HIV co-infection remained low (4.4%). These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of TB patients harbor drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, highlighting the need for routine drug susceptibility testing, continuous monitoring of new and repurposed drug effectiveness, strengthened regional surveillance, and evidence-based TB control policies to improve treatment decisions and curb the spread of multidrug-resistant TB.
Antibacterial Activity of Khaya senegalensis Stem Bark Against Salmonella typhi Isolated from Meat Handling Environments Murtala, Saadu; Muhammad, Shamsudeen Muhammad; Damilola, Samson Blessing
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.9047

Abstract

Against the backdrop of escalating antibiotic resistance, medicinal plants continue to attract attention as potential sources of alternative antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of crude ethanol stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis against environmental isolates of Salmonella typhi recovered from slaughter slab surfaces and meat handlers’ aprons. The stem bark extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, while environmental swab samples were cultured for the isolation and biochemical identification of S. typhi. Antibacterial activity was assessed at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/mL using the agar well diffusion method, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined through standard broth dilution and subculturing procedures. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, with statistical significance set at p < .05. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested isolates, with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 8.00 ± 1.15 mm to 16.00 ± 1.53 mm. The MIC values ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL, while the MBC was 100 mg/mL for all isolates. Significant differences in antibacterial activity were observed across extract concentrations for most isolates. These findings indicate that K. senegalensis stem bark possesses appreciable antibacterial activity against environmental Salmonella typhi isolates, thereby supporting its traditional medicinal use. The study contributes to the growing evidence that Khaya senegalensis may serve as a promising natural source of antibacterial compounds for addressing antimicrobial resistance and controlling foodborne infections.
Development of an Enhanced Remote Monitoring System of Diesel Levels in Telecom Base Stations Kazeem, Agesin Ademola; Abubakar, Abdulkadir; Abubakar, Aliyu Umar; Abdulsalam, Nasiru; Hamza, Jamilu Bala; Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.9111

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of an enhanced Internet of Things (IoT)-based remote monitoring system for managing diesel levels and voltage status in telecommunication base stations (TBSs) to improve operational reliability and reduce fuel-related inefficiencies. A prototype system was developed by integrating ultrasonic fuel-level and voltage sensors with an Arduino Nano microcontroller and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The system transmitted data to a cloud-based IoT platform for real-time visualization and automated alert generation, enabling continuous monitoring and timely notification of critical operating conditions. The system was evaluated in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost performance under varying load conditions. The results demonstrated a 24.6% increase in monitoring efficiency, a 31% reduction in generator downtime, and an 18% reduction in operational costs compared with manual monitoring methods. These findings indicate that the proposed system offers a scalable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient solution for enhancing transparency, reducing manual oversight, and supporting more sustainable power management in telecommunication base stations. The study contributes practical evidence on the effectiveness of IoT-enabled monitoring for infrastructure management in energy-dependent telecommunications environments.

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