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Meldi T.M. Sinolungan
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INDONESIA
COCOS
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27150070     DOI : 10.35791
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal ini memuat materi yang berkaitan dengan Pertanian. Menyangkut Tanah, Budidaya Pertanian, Proteksi Tanaman, Teknologi Pertanian dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 831 Documents
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PENGERINGAN BIJI PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) MENGGUNAKAN ENERGI RADIASI MATAHARI DAN LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) DENGAN BANTUAN ALAT PENGERING Rizaldi Akbar Kaplale; Handry Rawung; Dedie Tooy
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.25957

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nutmeg seeds are a commodity that are well known in Indonesia, making nutmeg seeds as an important spice since the past. This study aims to analyze several drying parameters in the nutmeg drying process such as temperature, relative humadity, reduction in weight of the material, drying rate, intensity of solar radiation in drying using solar energy and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). This research was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture at Sam Ratulangi University. This research uses descriptive method of temperature in the dryer on rack 1 ranges from 35.7°C - 59.2°C, rack 2: 35.6°C - 58.4°C and rack 3: 33.6°C - 46.6°C while the ambient temperature from 30°C - 37°C. The relative humadity of the environment during drying is 60% - 88% and in the dryer is, rack 1: 25% - 66%, rack 2: 23% - 66%, and rack 3: 26%- 74%. During the drying process there is a decrease in water content from 61.52% bk dropped to an averange rack 1: 34.32%, rack 2: 33.34% and rack 3: 36.42%. The highest intensity of solar radiation reaches is 872.25 watts/hour and the lowest is 407.05 watts/hour. Drying using solar energy and LPG will speed up the drying process. Key words: nutmeg, dryer, LPG, solar energy
UJI KINERJA ALAT PEMBUAT ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA TIPE PIROLISIS Adhiyanto D. Sinadia; Dedie Tooy; Freeke Pangkerego
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.25958

Abstract

Abstract This study uses two liquid smoke makers, liquid smoke 1 and liquid smoke 2, with different sizes of volumes of pyrolysis tubes and condenser drums. The volume of the liquid smoke pyrolysis tube 1 was 753,600 cm³ and the condenser drum was 392,500 cm³, while the volume of the liquid smoke pyrolysis tube 2 was 367. 380 cm³ and the volume of the condenser drum was 196. 250 cm³. The purpose of this study is to technically test the performance of the liquid smoke maker 1 and the liquid smoke maker 2 and the rendement of liquid smoke, tar and combustion chamber temperatures during the pyrolysis process. The research method used was an experimental method and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study obtained a liquid smoke yield in liquid smoke 1 by 7.5%, a yield of 0.86% tar and a coconut shell yield of 23%. In liquid smoke tools 2 the liquid smoke yield obtained by 20%, the yield of tar 0.76% and the yield of coconut shell by 27%. The performance of the liquid smoke 1 tool is 0.375 kg / hour, while the performance of the liquid smoke tool 2 is 0.6 kg / hour. The performance of the liquid smoke tool 2 is higher than the liquid smoke tool 1. Keywords : Liquid smoke, tar, coconut shell, performance, yield, pyrolysis
PEMURNIAN GALUR JAGUNG MANADO KUNING (Zea mays L.) KERNAL PUTIH DENGAN METODE EAR TO ROW Injili Rianti Runtunuwu; Semuel D Runtunuwu; Sesilia Wanget
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.26009

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the purity level of the F2 white kernel Manado yellow line using the Ear To Row Method. This research was cunducted in april until august 2017 in Kalasey 1 village, District of Mandolang, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. In this study the observational variables included the percentage of white kernal color and other color percentage of red beard color. In research on cobs one with white clover color characterization, the percentage of white kernels ( 100% in one ear) was 95,85% and the reaming 4,14% were cobs which had a white-yellow mixed kernel color. On the white cactus plant cobs obtained a percentage of 63,2% and the red clover obtained with a percentage of 36,8%. In the second ear with red clover, the percentage of white kernel color (100% in one ear) was 96,01% and the remaining 3,39% were cobs which had a mixture of yellow and white. Crop cobs with white taffy obtained a percentage of 22,09% and cobs of plants with red clover obtained a percentage of 77,91%. The results of the purification of F2 lines yellow Manado corn white kernels using the ear to row method shows that there are still a few corn cobs of corn plants that produce yellow white mixed kernel/ seed. This research suggested that further refining is done for the yield of F2 Manado yellow white kernel corn on cob, producing 100% white kernels to determine the level of purity. Keywords : The Purity Level, Corn, White Kernel, Ear To Row
STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI POHON DI PLOT PERMANEN HUTAN ALAM PINOLOSIAN KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW SELATAN Darsan Umawaitina; Fabiola B. Saroinsong; Wawan Nurmawan
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.26025

Abstract

ABSRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and composition of trees in the permanent plots of the Pinosian Natural Forest, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research will be carried out in September-October 2018. Data is collected using the transect method. There are 5 transects within 500 m, the five transects are permanent transects that have been made by management (PT. Kawanua Kahuripan Pantera). In each transect, there are 5 observation plots measuring 20x20 m2. The distance between observation plots in the transect is 100 m. Observations were made on each individual tree in the observation plot, namely: identification of species and diameter measurements for individual trees that have a diameter of ≥20 cm. There are 25 tree species from 20 families, species with the highest INP are Palaquium gutta (40.52%), Magnolia obovata (18.61%), Macaranga sp (15.56%), and Pometia pinnata (13.39%). The tree structure shows that the distribution of the highest diameter class is the diameter class ≥40-50 cm (26%) and ≥50-60 cm (25%). Keywords: structure and composition, natural forest, Pinosian
POPULASI DAN PERSENTASE SERANGAN HAMA KEPINDING TANAH (Scotinophara coarctata Fabricus.) PADA TANAMAN PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DI KECAMATAN KAKAS KABUPATEN MINAHASA Andrea Wangko; Dantje Tarore; Jusuf Manueke
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.26027

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the population and percentage of S. coarctata attacks on rice plants in Kakas Subdistrict, Minahasa Regency. This research is expected to provide information about the level of damage caused by attacks and pest populations of S. coarctata so that farmers can control soil-borne pests in Kakas District Minahasa Regency. This research uses observational research (survey) conducted in Kakas Subdistrict in two villages (Tontimomor and Kalawiran). From each village as a location of observation, three observation plots were determined. Light traps use modern white electric car lights, which are spread diagonally, the trapping is adjusted to the battery life of 8 hours, the installation is done at 10 pm and the observation is done at 6 am, the sampling is 4 repetitions, with intervals 1 week time for rice plants aged 22-68 days after planting. In Kalawiran village there is 8,5 tails and Tontimomor village, there is 7,6 tails, and then the population of Black Bug lowest observed on IV, in Kalawiran village 3.1 tails and Tontimomor village is 2,3 tails. Based on data analysis, at first, second, third, fourth observation, highest attack on second observed in 38 days after planting, in Kalawiran village 23,79% and Tontimomor village 12,54%. Keywords: population, percentage, S. coarctata
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA PADA KOTORAN SAPI DI DAERAH DATARAN TINGGI DAN DATARAN RENDAH Linus Melsasail; Verry R.Ch. Warouw; Yani E.B Kamag
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.26095

Abstract

ABSTRACT Agricultural development, basically aims to increase production towards self-sufficiency, To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to have innovations to increase agricultural production. One of the main things that supports agricultural productivity is nutrients. This research uses survey method and laboratory analysis. Livestock manure samples were taken at 2 points, namely in the highlands and lowlands. Each point is taken one sample. Observation variables consisted of pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, C-organic. The results showed some nutrient content from cow dung at the observation site, namely the nutrient content of C-Organic, the highest was at the location in Tomohon 1, amounting to 10.42%, while the lowest C-Organic value was at the location in the Kalasey Village of 8 69%. For nitrogen element (N-total), the highest value is obtained from cow dung in the lowlands (Kalasey) which is 0.88% while the lowest N-Total value is obtained in the Tomohon area which is 0.68%. For phosphorus (P-total), the highest value obtained from Tomohon land is 0.34% with moderate criteria. While the lowest P-total value was obtained from the Kalasey field, which was 0.22% (low). The highest potassium (K2O) was obtained from cow dung in the lowlands (Kalasey 1), which was 0.56%. While the lowest K2O value was obtained from the land in Tomohon which was 0.36%. In addition, the Tomohon plateau area has high water content because the land is a former paddy field area. Keywords: Nutrient, Cow dung, organic fertilizer
VIABILITAS PUPA PARASITOID Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) BERDASARKAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN DI LEMARI PENDINGIN R. Irsan Dj. Hutumoy; Caroulus S. Rante; Maxi Lengkong
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 8 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i6.26097

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the viability of the D. semiclausum parasitoid pupae on P. xylostella larvae stored in the refrigerator. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the viability of D. semiclausum parasitoid pupae which are stored in refrigerators so that they can assist farmers in carrying out biological control. The study was conducted in the area of farmers' cabbage growing in the Kakaskasen II Village, Tomohon City and the Entomology and Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University. The research lasted for four months from July to October 2019. The study used a survey method on farmers' cabbage flower plants. The location of the collection of P. xylostella and D. semiclausum pupae was carried out by purporsive sampling, which is collecting pupae where there are flower cabbage plants in Kakaskasen II Village. In the initial stage, pupae collection is carried out with the aim of propagation of P. xylostella pests. Furthermore, if the larvae of P. xylostella have entered the initial instar, then the collection of D. semiclausum parasitoid pupae with the aim of being released in a cage to paralyze the P. xylostella larvae. The results showed that the parasitoid pupa can survive in the refrigerator until the 34th day with viabiltas of 10.00%. Furthermore, on the 36th day until the 42nd day, the D. semiclausum parasitoid pupae were no longer found that had successfully survived into adult insects. When related to the duration of storage of the D. semiclausum parasitoid pupae in the refrigerator with pupa viability, the best pupae storage time is on the 22nd day with the percentage of parasitoid pupa viability of 75.00%. Keywords : Viability, P. xylostella, D. semiclausum, Tomohon
ANALISIS PEMASARAN GULA AREN DI DESA PANGU SATU KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA Herlina Wakerkwa; Hengki D. Walangitan; Johny S. Tasirin
COCOS Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i7.26103

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the marketing channels and marketing margins of palm sugar in Pangu Satu Village. The study was conducted in August to September 2017 using a survey approach with interviews of 11 respondents consisting of producers, collecting traders and final consumers through filling out questionnaires with open questions. Data were analyzed descriptively to describe marketing channels and marketing margins. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that there were 3 marketing channels obtained, i.e. Marketing channel type I producers - final consumers, marketing channel type II producers - merchant traders - end consumers and marketing channel type III producers - merchant traders - supermarkets - end consumers. Furthermore, analysis of type II marketing margins obtained by a continuous marketing margin of 12% to 4%, then the marketing channel III obtained a barrage of marketing margins of 20% to 35%.Key Words: Analysis of Palm Sugar Marketing Channels
STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI VEGETASI POHON DI HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG MAHAWU DAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG MASARANG Elisabeth Luturyali; Martina A. Langi; Maria Y.M.A. Sumakud
COCOS Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i7.26108

Abstract

AbstractThis research aims to study the structure and composition of forest tree vegetation in the protected forests of Mount Mahawu and Mount Masarang. Line Method was used to study the changes in tree distribution based on the topography and elevation. Plots measuring 20 x 20 m2 are made following topographic lines (mountain slopes). The results show that the structure and composition of the dominant trees in the Mahawu Protection Forest are different from that of the Masarang Protection Forest. The dominant species in the Mahawu Protection Forest are Diospyros celebica, followed by Ficus septica and Anthocephalus chinensis; while in the Masarang Protected Forest Artocarpus sp. followed by Ficus septica and Lansium sp.Keywords: forest tree structure, forest tree composition, Mount Mahawu, Mount Masarang, protected forest
UJI KINERJA ALAT PENGERING PALA MENGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR BIOMASSA Dafrin Dadamuda; Dr. Ir. Lady Ch.E Lengkey, M.Si; Handry Rawung, M.Si
COCOS Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v2i7.26109

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penjemuran biji pala sering terhambat jika curah hujan tinggi akibatnya kadar air biji pala yang dikeringkan masih tinggi dan tidak merata dengan demikian biji pala dapat terkontaminasi dengan jamur yang dapat menghasilkan racun aflatoksin. Untuk mencegah hal itu maka perlu membuat alat pengering seperti yang disarankan oleh tim Indonesia – UE Trade Support Programme II. Alat yang disarankan oleh Tim Indonesia – EU Trade Support Programme II menggunakan sumber energi listrik dengan daya 1000 Watt. Hal ini menjadi masalah di desa Ambia kecamatan Esang Selatan. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memodifikasi alat pengeringan dengan menggunakan tungku berbahan bakar biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teknis alat pengering tipe bak dengan menggunakan bahan bakar biomasa dari segi sebaran suhu, menentukan hubungan kadar air terhadap waktu pengeringan. Penyebaran suhu pada ruang plenum, ruang pengering, suhu bahan dan suhu udara luar terjadi fluktuasi suhu dalam ruang pengering. Perbedaan suhu pengering (plenum) dan suhu lingkungan sangat jauh berbeda Suhu plenum atau suhu udara pengering terendah 53,6 0C, suhu tertinggi 77,6 0C dan suhu lingkungan suhu terendahnya 31,7 0C dan suhu tertinggi 37,2 0C. Pola penurunan kadar air terlihat hampir sama menunjukkan penyebaran suhu yang hampir merata.

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