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SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN

sainsmedika
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Published by Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

ISSN : 20851545 EISSN : 2339093X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Sains Medika is journal of medicine and health, is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting medical sciences generated from Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, Clinical Sciences, and Medical Education to integrate researches in all aspects of human health. This journal publishes original articles, reviews article, and also interesting case reports.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015" : 8 Documents clear

The Correlation between Duration of Employment, Body Posture and Smoking Habit on Low Back Pain Incidence An Analytic Observational Study Among Taxi Driver in Semarang Municipality Firmanita, Syifa Dian; Rosdiana, Ika; Indrayani, Ulfah Dian
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Low back pain ((LBP) ranks as number two of neurological diseaseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s highest prevalence after cephalgia and migraine in Indonesia. Objective: This study aim to determine the relationship between duration of employment, body posture and smoking habit on the incidence of low back pain on taxi driver. Method: This research is an observational analytic cross sectional design. Seventyfour taxi drivers in Semarang municipality was screened with BeckÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Depression Inventory Scale to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were then given Risk Factor of LBP questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a bivariate correlation test contingency coefficient to see the relationship between duration of employment, body posture, smoking habit and low back pain.Result: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years were moderate smokers and having astenis body posture. The analysis of correlation coefficients contingency test showed a significance relationship between duration of employment (p = 0,000), body posture (p = 0,000), and moderate smokers (p=0.010) with the incidence of LBP. Conclusion: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years with astenis body posture, and moderate smokers were posstively correlated with LBP.

Pattern and Frequency of Skin Malignancies at Laboratory of Pathology Anatomy Dr. Kariadi General Hospital in 2008-2009 Susilorini, Susilorini; Sadhana, Udadi; Widjaya, Indra
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: A periodical database is important including for skin cancer. Periodical registration is needed to acknowledge changes in pattern and frequencies of skin lesion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern and the frequency of skin lesion in RSUD Kariadi.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted through analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed skin lesion in the pathology labolatory of RSUD Kariadi between 2008 and 2009. The variables were secondary data including age, gender, specimen area, dan histopathology diagnosis. Data was choosen by consecutive sampling from 381 medical records of skin tissues examined at laboratorium of pathology anatomy of Dr. Kariadi general hospital during 2008-2009.Result: 381 cases were recorded comprising of 246 (65%) neoplastic and 135 (35%) non neoplastic lesion. 120 patients presented with skin cancer, and 126 with benign skin lesion. Most malignancy was observed among female patients (62.5%) on age catagory of 15-39 (65%). The most common lesion was basal cell carcinoma (48.3%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (33.3%), malignant melanoma (10%), skin appendix carcinoma (2.5%), other malignancies (4.9%).Conclusion: the most common malignancies in Dr. Kariadi general hospital before 2008 was similar to data from 13 laboratory of pathology anatomy in Indonesia, which is squamous cell carcinoma.

Successful Aging Nasihun, Taufiqurrahman
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

The emerging concept of successful aging is based on evidence that in healthy individual when they get aged, there areÂ considerable variations in physiological functions alteration. Some people exhibiting greater, but others very few or no age related alteration. The first is called poor aging and the later is called successful pattern of aging (Lambert SW, 2008). Thus, in the simple words the successful aging concept is define as an opportunity of old people to stayÂ active and productive condition despite they get aged chronologically. Aging itself might be defined as the progressive accumulation of changes with time associated with or responsible for the ever-increasing susceptibility to disease and death which accompanies advancing age (Harman D, 1981). The time needed to accumulate changes is attributable to aging process. The marked emerging questions are how does aging happen and where does aging start?To answer these questions and because of the complexity of aging process, there are more than 300 aging theories have been proposed to explain how and where aging occured and started respectively. There are too many to enumerate theories and classification of aging process. In summary, all of these aging theories can be grouped into three clusters: 1. Genetics program theory, this theory suggests that aging is resulted from program directed by the genes; 2. Epigenetic theory, in these theory aging is resulted from environmental random events not determined by the genes; 3. Evolutionary theory, which propose that aging is a medium for disposal mortal soma in order to avoid competition between organism and their progeny for food and space, did not try to explain how aging occur, but possibly answer why aging occur (De la Fuente. 2009). Among the three groups of aging theories, the epigenetic theory is useful to explain and try to solve the enigma of aging which is prominently caused by internal and external environmental influences.There are gradual decline of physiological functions in human after becoming adult in life. The declining of physiological functions might be define as decrease in protein synthesis capacity, bone mineral density, immunological function, strength and muscle mass, and otherwise increase in fat accumulation (Rudman D, et al. 1982; Charmpilas N, et al. 2015). Epidemiologic study indicated that the predominant cause of morbidity, mortality, and reduced longevity in cohort were acute and chronic inflammatory as well as oxidative stress, resulted from environmental inflammations, infections, obesity, and social distress. Acute inflammatory is commonly caused by biological agent, especially both or either bacterial and or viral, whereas chronic inflammatory is related to environmental inflammagen, obesity, and social distress (Sone H et al. 2010) Chronic oxidative stress injures cells particularly in regulatory sytem such as endocrine, nervous, immune, and the neuro-endocrine immune communication by wich cell loss its homeostasis regulatory and cannot preserve health (De la Fuente. 2009). Subsequently, it will impaire homeostasis that leads to an increase in the morbidity and mortality of aging. Likely, answer to the question of where aging start is from the mitochondrial cells of regulatory system. Various evidences indicate that the rate of mitochondrial oxygen radical generation, the degree of membrane fatty acid unsaturation, and oxidative damage to mitochodrial DNA are lower in the long-live species compared to short live species (Braja G, 2004). Several studies also indicate that majority of human adults die due to complication of atherosclerosis, cancer, dimentia, whereas in healthy age Â invariably accompanied by muscle weakness, and make them frail, disabled, and dependent before eventually died. Such disability prominently caused by skeletal muscle weakness due to diminution of muscle mass and its nerve, osteoarthrirtis, and others chronic degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress (Payton OD, et al. 2012) Furthermore, physical weakness in aging people, generally marked by imbalanced, immobility, low durability, and physical frailty. Consequences of such physical frailty are easy to fall, bone fracture, dependence, hence decreasing daily activity (Buchner DM, et al. 1992; Lambert SW, 2008)To ameliorate the impairment of homeostasis, a caloric restriction but not malnutrition diet and adequate exercise (aerobic, resistance, and streching) can be adopted to neutralize as part of the oxidative and inflammatory stress and to strengthen and increase muscle mass (Payton OD, et al. 2012; Park S, et al. 2012). In special individual condition, like as overweight or obesity, smoker and frequently use of mobile phone, proper antioxidant supplementation can be considered. In addition, caloric restriction, food intake is intentionally reduced by 30â€“50% has been shown to delay the aging process in mice by decreasing the levels of histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2), which other wise increases during the normal aging process (Mercken EM, et al. 2012).

The Difference in Clinical Reasoning Competence between Pre-Clinical Students and Clinical Students on Pediatric Tropical Disease Cases Pujiati, Pujiati Abbas
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a thinking process happened when various informations gathered from clinical cases were given or met by medical students, and used for formulating diagnosis and solving patients problems. Experiences and material inputs are important factors affecting clinical reasoning. Various theories explained that students on pre-clinical and clinical rotation level are still on the novice stage, so it is possible to have similar stage on clinical reasoning. On the other hand, it was reported that there are differences in clinical reasoning on different academic stages. Objective: knowing the differences of clinical reasoning on preclinical students and clinical students.Method: observational study with cross sectional design. Respondents of this study were 120 students from medicine faculty of Sultan Agung Semarang University, comprised of: 60 preclinical students whom have been underwent tropical disease modul batch 2011 and 60 clinical rotation students on pediatric stage. Respondents answered 20 items questions in Script Concordance Test (SCT) form on pediatric tropical disease cases. SCT items were prepared by pediatricians, structures and contents were reviewed by medical education experts and concordanced by 10 experts of pediatric unit. Value differences between 2 groups were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney U on SPSS 16.0, with acceptable error accepted level if p<0.05. Result: non parametric result test by Mann-whitney showed that mean score of SCT on preclinical group were lower (8,57;+ 1,81) than on clinical rotation students 11,49 (+ 1,98) p = 0,000. Conclusion: clinical reasoning competence measured by SCT is higher on clinical rotation students compared to pre clinical students.

Difference on Cefoxitin and Oxacillin Disk Test on In Vitro MRSA Detection (Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Experimental Study on Microbiology Laboratorium of Medicine Faculty of UNISSULLA Mustikawati, Hana Tiyas; Wahyutomo, Ridha; Djaman, Qathrunnada
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Background: MRSA phenotypic detection has been a problem since it was found in 1962. Some studies explain that the diffusion method of cefoxitinand oxacilin disk test can be used to detect MRSA. Objective: knowing if there is difference between cefoxitin disk test and oxacilin disk test to detectMRSA.Method: laboratory experimental research with diagnostic test design. Research was done at the laboratory of medicine faculty of UNISSULA using 24 watch glasses, 12 with MRSA bacteria (Meticillin Resisten Staphylococcus aureus), and the other 12 with MSSA bacteria (Meticillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus). specimentsThe results were classified into sensitive and resistant category based on CLSI standard (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute).Hypothesis test using fisher test, with significance level <0,05Results: speciments MRSA detection using cefoxitin disk resulted 12 resistant speciments and no sensitive speciments. The oxacilin disk resulted 9 resistant speciments and 3 sensitive speciments. MSSA detection using cefoxitin disk resulted no resistant speciments and 12 sensitive speciments, oxacilin disk resulted no resistant speciments and 12 sensitive speciments. Diagnostic test was done by CEBM statistic calculator. The sensitivity and specificity value of MRSA sampels using cefoxitin disk were 96,2% & 96,2%, PPV (positive predictive value) 96,2%, NPV (negative predictive value) with was 96,2%. While the oxacilin disk, the sensitivity was 73,1%, specificity 96,2%, PPV 95,0%, NPV 73,8%. The result of fisher test for cefoxitin disk and oxacilin disk was p=0.000 meant there was difference between cefoxitin disk test and oxacilin disk test to detect MRSA.Conclusion: diffusion method in cefoxitin disk is better than oxacillin disk in MRSA detection.

Hypertension: Dominant Risk Factor on Stroke Occurence Analytical Observational Study in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang during January 1, 2012 - August 31, 2013 Saputri, Desia Laila Dian; Rosdiana, Ika; Lestari, Endang
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Introduction: Stroke ranks as the first cause of disabilities and the third cause of death in the world. Many factors associated with stroke. Objective: this study aimed at evaluating the factors associated with stroke. Study Design: This study was an analytical observational study using cross sectional design. Samples were obtained from medical records of 263 patients who were admitted in neurologyâ€™s ward of Sultan agung Islamic hospital during 1 January 2012-31 August 2013. Samples categorized in 2 groups: 97 hemorrhagicâ€™s stroke patients and 166 non hemorrhagicâ€™s stroke patients with simple random sampling technique. This study were conducted by analyzing 5 variables such as gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and total cholesterol levels. Results: Logistic regression test using SPSS showed that hypertension was the most dominant factor associated with stroke (p=0.001; PR=1.707; CI=1.249â€“2.433). Conclusion: Hypertension was the most dominant risk factor for stroke.

Correlation Analysis Study between Hearing Loss Occurence and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang Risyudhanti, Citta Arunika; Sulistyanto, Agung; Suparmi, Suparmi
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Hearing impairment due to cochlear damage is one complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between duration of DM2 with hearing impairment.Method: The analytic observasional study with the cross sectional design using the medical record of DM2 outpatient in internal clinic of Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang and also pure tone audiometric examinationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s record in Otorynolaryngology clinic of Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang.31 medical records of DM2 patients were meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data consist of 18 medical records of patients with less than6 years duration of DM2, and 13 medical records of patients with more than 6 years duration of DM2. The pure tone audiometry was used to classified the hearing impairment. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0. The correlation between the duration of DM2 and hearing impairment was analyzed using Chi Square test. The significance relation between the duration of DM type 2 and hearing impairment was analyzed using cooficient contigency, with significance of < 0.05. Result: hearing impairmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s distribution frequency on tested ears in Sultan agung Islamic Hospital Semarang were 27 ears having SNHL type (43,5%), 19 ears having CHL (30,6%) and 16 ears were normal (25,8%), p = 0,02 (p < 0,05). Conclusion: There is a weak correlation between the DM 2 duration and the incidence of hearing impairment in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang.

The Polyphenolics and Health Effects of Pomegranate Nge, Sonya Titin; Martosupono, Martanto; Karwur, Ferry Fredy
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a useful fruit which mostly consumed as fresh fruit and can also be used as a various of processed products. Reports proved pomegranate were beneficial to health. Polyphenolic compounds in pomegranate especially ellagitannin (hydrolyzed), anthocyanins, gallotannin,and ellagic acid can maintain oral hygiene, healthy skin from the effects of free radicals caused by UV radiation, has the ability to synthesize cholesterol, destroying free radicals in the human vascular system and can prevent prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo test has shown the fruit is acting as anti diabetic drug, and hypolipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, anti inflamation, and antiviral. This review presenting an overview about the bioactive compound contents, physiological and health function of the fruit.

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