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Journal of Earth Kingdom
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30249821     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Journal of Earth Kingdom (JEK) is a half-yearly global journal producing optimal peer-reviewed research on the strength of authenticity, actuality, and accessibility. JEK also provides authoritative, sharp, and grounded interpretations that can be utilized by society as a whole. The Journal of Earth Kingdom (JEK) contains original papers, research articles, and critical reviews. In addition, we produce videos related to our research publication. We also create editorial content, such as scientific responses and analysis of current news and trending topics. We will deliver it in the form of articles and videos as well. Topics covered by this journal feature but are not limited to: Animal science/Zoology Plant/Botanical Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Geography, Planning and Development Human geography Behavioral physiology Sociobiology Population biology Navigation and migration Biomedicine
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (Lain-Lain)
Articles 39 Documents
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Evaluating fishing techniques and sustainability status of spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus sp.) under an ecosystem-based fisheries management framework Sinaga, Merry Friendly Theresia; Prianto, Eko; Fauzi, Muhammad
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v3i2.2026.2301

Abstract

Background: Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus sp.) is one of the high-value fishery commodities that is widely harvested in the Terubuk Fishery Reserve Area, Buruk Bakul Village. The increasing demand and market price of Spanish mackerel have led to high fishing intensity, which may exert pressure on the resource stock. The fishing techniques employed in the mackerel fishery play a critical role in ensuring the sustainability of this resource. This study aims to evaluate the status of Spanish mackerel fishing techniques within the framework of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). Methods: Data collection was carried out through surveys and interviews with fishers during the period of November–December 2024 in Buruk Bakul Village, Bengkalis Regency. The analysis applied a multi-criteria method using a flag model, which assessed indicators such as destructive fishing practices, gear modification and auxiliary devices, fishing capacity and effort, selectivity of gear, and the compliance of vessel function and size with legal documentation. Findings: The findings indicate that Spanish mackerel fishing techniques in this area fall under the “good” category, with a score of 220. These results indicate that the management of Spanish mackerel in the Terubuk Sanctuary Area, in terms of fishing techniques, remains in good condition and applies the principles of sustainable fisheries. However, several indicators require improvement. Conclusion: The study concludes that Spanish mackerel fishing practices in the Terubuk Sanctuary Area are generally sustainable and categorized as good, but improvements are still needed in fishing capacity and effort, gear selectivity, and vessel compliance. Optimizing these aspects will help ensure the long-term sustainability of the resource while maintaining fishery efficiency.
Innovation of feed additive for broiler chickens: A combination of ground corn and ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an immunostimulator and antivirus agent for avian influenza Firda, Adelia Nihla; Ula, Kholifatul; Rahid, Waiel; Soepriandono, Hari
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v3i2.2026.2464

Abstract

Background: Indonesia, with the fourth largest population globally, faces increasing demand for animal protein, particularly from broiler chicken production. However, this industry is challenged by the avian influenza virus, which causes high mortality in both poultry and humans. The virus’s hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins are key to its infectivity. Innovative feed formulations that reduce viral titers while maintaining nutritional value are critical. This study aims to develop an innovative broiler chicken feed combining corn and bioactive compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale) to inhibit avian influenza virus activity and sustain poultry health. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-experimental approach to develop an innovative broiler feed made from ground corn and ginger (JAZI) and to evaluate its effects on physiology, immunity, and growth. The work included research trend related, research manufacturing stage, and implementation stage to assess its practical effectiveness in enhancing broiler productivity and resilience against avian influenza. Findings: Ginger bioactives demonstrated the ability to inactivate viral particles by penetrating the lipid membrane, reducing HA activity, and preventing hemagglutination. Additionally, ginger supplementation was shown to enhance immune responses through activation of T-helper cells and antibody production, improving broiler performance indicators such as feed conversion ratio (FCR) and overall health. The integration of JAZI feed contributes to reduced antibiotic dependence and promotes sustainable poultry farming practices. Conclusion: The JAZI feed innovation provides a natural, safe, and sustainable solution for enhancing broiler immunity against avian influenza through synergistic nutritional and antiviral mechanisms. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces JAZI as a dual-function feed innovation that not only supplies essential nutrition but also acts as an immunostimulant and antiviral agent against avian influenza, aligning with the One Health and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 15) frameworks.
Pet ownership: Their interactions towards pets and perceptions of animal welfare in zoos Majid, Muhammad Aulia
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v3i2.2026.2475

Abstract

Background: Pets play an important role in human life. Many studies have shown that the presence of pets can improve the physical and mental health of their owners. The relationship between owners and pets tends to result in more positive behavior from owners towards other animals. Zoos are one of the locations where humans interact with various animals. The presence of humans (visitors) in zoos harms animal welfare in that location. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of pet ownership on perceptions of animal welfare in zoos. Methods: This study uses a quantitative method that examines the impact of pet ownership on perceptions of animal welfare in zoos. Through quantitative methods, a survey was conducted to collect data on public perceptions, both pet owners and non-owners, to see their perceptions of animal welfare in zoos. Findings: The study's results revealed that pet owners had higher HAIS values ​​than those who did not have pets. Then the perception of animal welfare in general showed that pet owners tended to have lower perceptions of animal welfare than non-pet owners. The relationship between the level of relationship closeness between humans and pets and the perception of animal welfare showed a low negative correlation, which means that the higher the HAIS value, the lower the perception of welfare towards zoo animals. Pet owners tend to be more sensitive to the conditions of animals that are less than ideal. The following research reveals that positive human interactions with pets will encourage positive behavior toward other animals. Conclusion: This study concludes that pet owners have a more critical perception of animal welfare in zoos than visitors who do not have pets. The level of closeness of interaction also influences the critical behavior of pet owners towards animal welfare conditions in zoos. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in identifying the perceptions of zoo visitors through their level of interaction with pets. This study is unique because it uses the closeness level of interaction with pets to see the zoo visitor's perceptions of animal welfare in zoos.
Strengthening rural food security and community welfare through ICLS 5.0: A socio-biological approach to circular agriculture Fawwaza, Kaylila Dalta; Rasyad, Muhammad Emirsyah; Putra, Moh Fatichul Yaqin Rizqi Mahesa
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v3i2.2026.2556

Abstract

Background: Nutritional disparities remain a major challenge in Indonesia’s human resource development, as the prevalence of stunting and wasting continues to vary widely across regions despite measurable national progress. These inequalities highlight the need for integrated and sustainable agricultural innovations that improve both food quality and availability while maintaining ecological balance. This study aims to analyze the potential of the Integrated Crop–Livestock System (ICLS) 5.0 as an innovation that strengthens food security and enhances nutritional value through sustainable resource management. Method: A quantitative descriptive approach based on a comprehensive literature review was conducted using secondary data from scientific journals and national databases. The ICLS 5.0 framework emphasizes circular resource use, converting agricultural residues such as rice straw, corn stalks, and dry leaves into fermented forage, while livestock manure is processed into organic fertilizer through bioactivation and composting. Data were analyzed to assess improvements in productivity, soil fertility, and resource efficiency. Finding: Implementation of the ICLS 5.0 model can increase agricultural and livestock productivity by 30–40%, enhance soil carbon and nitrogen content, and reduce production costs by 30–50% through the substitution of chemical fertilizers and industrial feed. The system also reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves food self-sufficiency in rural areas by promoting local feed and fertilizer production. Conclusion: The ICLS 5.0 approach provides a low-cost, scalable, and knowledge-based innovation that aligns with national efforts to strengthen food and nutrition security. By integrating crops and livestock within a circular economy framework, this model supports sustainable agricultural intensification and contributes directly to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2 Zero Hunger, SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production, and SDG 13 Climate Action), while enhancing the resilience and welfare of rural farming communities. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation introduces an adaptive crop–livestock integration model suitable for various land scales, complemented by a localized ICLS framework. It also provides simple technical guidelines for converting organic waste into fertilizer, feed, or energy, along with the development of micro-scale circular economy systems for farmer and livestock groups.
Potential of local Trichoderma in bioremediation of degraded soil Ghifari, Bima Iqbal; Ridho, Muhammad Rasyid; Putri, Reggina Sonia; Wagino, Syahwa Fitria Maharani; Azizah, Wahda Zahra; Husna, Muhimmatul; Izzatuddinillah, Iffah; Arraudah, Rahayu
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v3i2.2026.2749

Abstract

Background: Soil degradation in Indonesia is a serious challenge, impacting agricultural productivity and environmental quality. One potential ecological solution is bioremediation using soil microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp. This study aims to identify local Trichoderma isolates from various regions in Indonesia along with their biological and functional characteristics in the bioremediation process. Method: This study uses a narrative literature review to synthesize conceptual and empirical evidence from academic journals, scientific articles, and policy reports. This review focuses on assessing the biological and functional characteristics of local Trichoderma isolates and their effectiveness in addressing unsustainable soil management and environmental degradation. Finding: The results of the literature study indicate that species such as Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma koningiopsis can degrade organic and inorganic pollutants, suppressing pathogens, and improving soil fertility. The potential of each isolate is strongly influenced by its environmental origin and type of pollutant, with high effectiveness recorded in ex-mining soil, agricultural land, and pesticide-contaminated areas. Further research and policy support from research institutions or relevant parties are needed so that local Trichoderma can be developed as a bioremediation agent in sustainable agricultural systems in Indonesia. Conclusion: Local Trichoderma species offer a significant and sustainable solution for restoring soil health in Indonesia, provided that challenges related to technology adoption and isolate data can be overcome. Future success depends on cross-sector collaboration to bridge the gap between laboratory research and field application, ensuring that these biological agents are optimized through farmer education and regulatory support. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a comprehensive synthesis of native Indonesian Trichoderma isolates, identifying a direct relationship between their geographic origin and their specific multifunctional effectiveness.
Comparative characterization of water quality based on physicochemical parameters from various water sources Yaumil Khairin Septiani; Winny Liliawati; Danny Firmansyah; Ilham Ramdhani; Nur Fadhillah
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v4i1.2026.3831

Abstract

Background: Water quality varies substantially across source types, yet field-based comparative assessments spanning natural, household-consumable, and potentially contaminated water within a single urban highland setting remain scarce in Indonesia. This study characterized and compared the physicochemical quality of 14 water samples across three source categories in Bandung, West Java, and evaluated their alignment with regulatory standards and product-labeled claims. Methods: Samples were collected through grab sampling and measured in situ using a portable multiparameter pH meter for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and temperature. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Findings: Considerable variation was observed across source categories: mean pH 6.69 ± 0.77, EC 183.24 ± 141.00 μS/cm, TDS 134.86 ± 95.93 ppm, salinity 128.13 ± 90.55 ppm, and temperature 23.24 ± 1.17°C. Six of 14 samples recorded pH below the minimum threshold of 6.5, including tap water (5.20), unboiled gallon water (5.80), two packaged mineral water brands, and both domestic wastewater samples. A very strong positive correlation was found between EC and TDS (r = 0.984, p < 0.001), confirming EC as a reliable field proxy for TDS estimation. Conclusion: Two packaged mineral water products marketed with alkaline pH claims showed discrepancies of more than one pH unit between measured and labeled values. These findings confirm that water source category is a primary determinant of physicochemical quality, underscoring the need for strengthened monitoring of distributed water supply systems and post-market verification of pH claims in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty lies in the first integrated field-based comparison across three functionally distinct water source categories combined with systematic verification of alkaline pH label claims in the Indonesian context.
Beyond mere restriction: The bio-social mechanism of Sasi in fishery stock restoration within Maluku and Papua waters Nurul Azmi
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v4i1.2026.3855

Abstract

Background: The marine biodiversity crisis driven by overfishing in Eastern Indonesia has created mounting pressure for a structural transition in coastal governance one that moves away from centralized regulatory authority toward adaptive, locally embedded management regimes. The customary instrument of Sasi an oral indigenous prohibition regulating resource extraction consistently loses its coercive power when confronting external poachers who are not socially bound by local norms. Methods: This study examines the dynamics of legal hybridity in contemporary Sasi, evaluates multi-stakeholder collaboration using Common-Pool Resources (CPR) principles, and analyzes its impact on fishery stock restoration and social-ecological resilience in the waters of Maluku and Papua. Drawing on a socio-legal approach with a collective case study design, this research synthesizes secondary data from the 2015–2025 period, including village legal instruments such as village head decrees/surat keputusan kepala desa analyzed through thematic coding. Findings: Results indicate that integrating Sasi norms into Village Head Decrees functions as a systemic modifier, providing jurisdictional certainty and formal legal standing for customary wardens, and shifting enforcement from a moral-customary infraction to a legitimate village administrative violation. This governance synergy produces a triadic governance model that effectively coordinates customary, spiritual, and administrative authorities through low-cost collective monitoring. Biologically, the extraction pause during Sasi closure periods shows a consistent pattern of marine biomass recovery estimated at 60% for high-value species such as top shells (Trochus niloticus) and sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Conclusion: This study concludes that legal hybridity meaningfully strengthens coastal social-ecological resilience. Nonetheless, challenges persist regarding gender inclusivity disparities, horizontal boundary conflicts, and the risk of eroding local values through rigid bureaucratization. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces the triadic governance model as a new conceptual framework that bridges the gap between informal indigenous norms and formal state administration in coastal management.
Impacts of nickel mining activities on coastal ecosystems: An analysis of interactions between human activities and geological systems Yazeed Titan Yudhaprawira
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v4i1.2026.3856

Abstract

Background: Rising nickel demand has accelerated nickel mining expansion in Indonesia, a major lateritic nickel supplier. Upland disturbance can intensify erosion and sediment delivery, stressing coastal ecosystems and communities dependent on coastal resources. Existing assessments commonly treat erosion–sedimentation processes and downstream socio-ecological impacts separately, leaving the mechanism linking upland disturbance to coastal consequences insufficiently integrated. Methods: This study developed a mechanistic conceptual model within a Social–Ecological Systems (SES) framework using a conceptual–analytical, literature-based design. A PRISMA-informed workflow selected 30 documents, which were analysed through thematic coding, causal mapping, and SES mapping. Findings: Six recurring process themes emerged: land disturbance; geomorphic mediation (runoff → erosion → sediment transport); sediment connectivity; changes in resource units (turbidity, total suspended solids [TSS], and water quality); decline in coastal resource-system functions; and social consequences moderated by governance. In tropical archipelagic settings, short upstream–downstream distances and high rainfall can shorten ecosystem response times. Where mining mobilises fine lateritic sediment fractions, the reviewed literature suggests that they may contribute to prolonged turbidity and stored sediment that can later be resuspended, potentially delaying ecological recovery. Conclusion: These mechanisms are indicative patterns requiring site-specific field validation. The model supports integrated watershed–coastal management, using turbidity/TSS as an analytical-threshold early-warning indicator supported by monitoring, enforcement, rehabilitation, and governance response capacity. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study explicitly embeds erosion, sediment transport, and sediment connectivity as the mechanistic bridge linking nickel-mining disturbance to coastal ecological and livelihood risks within a single SES-based pathway.
Environmental policy in climate change law with smart regulation Muhammad Asmaul Bainto
Journal of Earth Kingdom Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jek.v4i1.2026.3858

Abstract

Background: In Indonesia, environmental law plays an important role in addressing climate change. This study aims to explore the direction of environmental legal politics on climate change in Indonesia by considering the principles of sustainable development and applying the theoretical approach of smart regulation. Methods: This study employs normative legal research using statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches to examine the coherence of existing legal norms, complemented by a socio-legal method to assess how these norms are enforced and complied with in practice, particularly in relation to smart regulation as an emerging approach in Indonesian environmental law. Findings: Climate change policy consists of a range of targeted strategies and measures implemented by governments or the international community aimed at reducing global warming and addressing its effects. The results show that Indonesia’s climate change policies are developing toward recognizing the role of indigenous peoples and local communities as environmental protectors, in line with the commitment to reducing emissions. The implementation of economic instruments such as carbon trading and sustainability reporting is an important step forward in creating a more responsive and flexible policy mix in accordance with the principles of Smart Regulation. Conclusion: The main scientific contributions include the development of the theory of hybridization and localization of international law, the conceptualization of integrated policies based on carbon economic value (CEV), the reformulation of legal instruments through smart regulation theory, and the identification of legal gaps for cross-sectoral harmonization. Integrated legal hybridization and economic instruments are essential to transform fragmented environmental policies into a responsive, cross-sectoral framework. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study pioneers the application of Smart Regulation theory to Indonesian climate law by conceptualizing carbon economic value within localized indigenous governance.

Page 4 of 4 | Total Record : 39

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