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Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30255287     EISSN : 30254507     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTEA
Core Subject : Science, Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art [3025-5287 (Print) and 3025-4507 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students, and policymakers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical reviews. AJSTEA publishes 6 editions a year in February, April, June, August, October and December. This journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base. AJSTEA Journal has authors from 5 countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Nepal, and India).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 250 Documents
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Geometric Foundations of Engineering Design: The Role of Conic Sections Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence Das, Rajnandani; Shah, Neha; Sahani, Suresh Kumar
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i1.8700

Abstract

Many branches of engineering rely on four fundamental geometric shapes: circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola, whose intrinsic properties enable engineers to develop more accurate mathematical models, optimize trajectories, and enhance structural integrity in complex design contexts. This study examines how these classical conic sections are applied in real-world engineering problems and explores the utilization of geometric principles in robotics, signal processing, and automated systems to support efficient problem-solving. By relating the properties of conic sections to engineering requirements in areas such as bridge design, trajectory optimization, and structural analysis, the study elucidates how these forms underpin both analytical modelling and practical implementation in contemporary engineering practice. The analysis shows that the relevance of conic sections to practical engineering applications is clearly demonstrated across multiple domains, highlighting their role in improving modelling accuracy, guiding system optimization, and informing robust design strategies. The study concludes that classical geometry, particularly the theory of conic sections, continues to play a vital role in shaping modern engineering practices and carries important implications for advancing engineering education, promoting interdisciplinary integration, and sustaining innovation in technology and infrastructure development.
Performance Evaluation of a Rotary Paddy Power Weeder Binni, Muhammed Ibrahim; M., Abdulwahab; Genesis, Ishaya; Idris, Zago Salisu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i1.8130

Abstract

Weed infestation in paddy cultivation substantially constrains yield and profitability, especially where reliance on manual weeding remains time-consuming and costly. This study evaluates the performance of a rotary paddy power weeder powered by a 1.75 hp two-stroke petrol engine under wetland conditions, focusing on operational efficiency and economic feasibility. Field experiments were conducted at three forward speeds (1.58, 1.92, and 2.34 km/h) to assess weeding efficiency, plant damage, field capacity, fuel consumption, and post-weeding weed re-emergence. The results show that an intermediate forward speed of 1.92 km/h produced the best overall performance, achieving a weeding efficiency of 72.38% with minimal crop injury. Higher speeds increased field capacity but also elevated fuel consumption and reduced weeding quality, as the moving blades lacked sufficient dwell time for complete weed cutting. Cost analysis demonstrated that mechanized weeding with the rotary power weeder markedly reduced labor requirements and lowered weeding costs by approximately Rs. 2265 per hectare compared with manual methods. These findings indicate that rotary paddy power weeders offer a sustainable and economically viable alternative to manual weeding in paddy fields, supporting improved weed management and farm profitability.
Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of FT-1 Well, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria: Implications for Paleoenvironment of Deposition P.O., Agbaje; O.A., Ekinne; F.D., Olowa
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i1.8515

Abstract

Although biostratigraphy and paleoecological studies are central to reconstructing paleodepositional environments and constraining source and reservoir rock distribution during petroleum exploration, detailed applications in offshore Niger Delta wells remain limited. This study analyzes the lithostratigraphy and foraminiferal assemblages of the FT-1 Well, offshore Niger Delta, over the 2,300–2,550 m interval to reconstruct the stratigraphic framework and paleoenvironmental history. Lithostratigraphic analysis reveals predominantly shaly facies, whereas foraminiferal biostratigraphy shows the dominance of benthic species (68.4%) over planktonic species (31.6%), a relationship that is diagnostic of outer–upper bathyal marine settings. The studied interval is assigned to the N18–N19 planktonic foraminiferal zones and to the NNDF 04–NNDF 06 benthic foraminiferal zones of the Neogene Niger Delta. The section is richly fossiliferous, containing abundant and diverse foraminiferal assemblages. The top of the N18–N19 interval is tentatively placed at 2,300 m based on the First Downhole Occurrence (FDO) of Globigerina nepenthes, while the base is constrained by the Last Downhole Occurrences (LDOs) of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Globorotalia tumida at 2,490 and 2,540 m, respectively. The NNDF 04 Zone extends from 2,300 to 2,430 m and is marked at its base by the occurrence of Cyclammina cf. minima; NNDF 05 spans 2,430–2,460 m, defined by the FDOs of C. cf. minima and Haplophragmoides narivaensis; NNDF 06 extends from 2,460 m to 2,550 m, the deepest analyzed sample, and is characterized by the continued occurrence of H. narivaensis. Paleoecological interpretation of the foraminiferal assemblages indicates mostly tropical–subtropical conditions with normal marine salinity, but includes cooler-water indicators such as Cyclammina cf. minima, Globocassidulina subglobosa, Uvigerina hispida, and Uvigerina auberiana, which are typical deep-water species. On the basis of the N18–N19 planktonic zonation, the sediments are interpreted to have been deposited during the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene. Collectively, these findings refine the stratigraphic framework and enhance understanding of the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Niger Delta’s offshore deposits, with implications for more accurate prediction of petroleum system elements.
Design of Reference Model Adaptive Based Discrete-Time PID Controller for Satellite Yaw-Axis Attitude Control System Egwim, Emmanuel E.; Osuagwu, Ikemsinachi Chikeziri; Emeribe, Nnanyereugo Nnamdi
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i1.8548

Abstract

Effective satellite attitude control systems are essential to ensure both the quality and reliability of data acquisition in microsatellites. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of an adaptive controller for a microsatellite yaw-axis (y-axis) attitude control system (ACS). The transfer function models of the amplifier, actuator, and satellite structure were first derived to obtain the overall transfer function of the microsatellite yaw-axis attitude dynamics. Based on these models, a Model Reference Adaptive Control–based Discrete-Time Proportional–Integral–Derivative controller (MRAC-DPID) was designed and integrated into the closed-loop network of the microsatellite yaw-axis ACS. A computer-based MATLAB/Simulink model was then developed using the mathematical representation of the closed-loop system, and simulations were conducted to evaluate the attitude response under the MRAC-DPID controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MRAC-DPID significantly improves both transient and steady-state performance, as reflected in reduced rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. Overall, the controller satisfies all specified performance criteria and provides the best step-response performance with respect to overshoot for adaptation gains in the range of 0.1 to 1. The study concludes that the MRAC-DPID controller offers an effective adaptive control strategy for microsatellite yaw-axis attitude regulation, thereby supporting improved stability and reliability of microsatellite operations.
Patterns of Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) at Palhinandan Rural Municipality, Kushma, Nawalparasi, Lumbini Province: An Epidemiological Study Das, Vipul; Das, Bishnu Dev
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i2.8616

Abstract

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a major public health concern in Nepal, particularly in rural settings where inadequate sanitation and hygiene continue to increase vulnerability to enteric disease. This study aimed to assess the incidence and distribution of AGE in Palhinandan Rural Municipality using secondary data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS 9.3). Employing a retrospective design, the study reviewed AGE cases recorded over a three-year period and analyzed their monthly, place-wise, and sex-wise distribution patterns. The findings indicate that AGE incidence remained relatively stable throughout the year but exhibited seasonal peaks in Chaitra and Baisakh. Spatial analysis further showed that Ward No. 3 consistently recorded the highest incidence across the three consecutive years, a pattern likely associated with population density and poor sanitation conditions. In terms of sex distribution, females were more frequently affected than males, possibly because of greater exposure to contaminated water and food during household activities. These findings demonstrate meaningful seasonal, spatial, and gender-based variations in AGE incidence within Palhinandan Rural Municipality. The study contributes context-specific evidence for local public health planning and underscores the need to strengthen water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, improve data management, expand health education and immunization, and promote early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Targeted interventions in high-risk wards and among vulnerable groups are essential to reduce the burden of AGE in the community.
Multimodal Conversational AI: A Review of Integration Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions Wanga, Herbert
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i2.8617

Abstract

The integration of multimodal inputs, including text, voice, and visual data, into conversational artificial intelligence (AI) systems marks a significant shift toward more natural and effective human–computer interaction. This narrative synthesis review examines recent research on the technological foundations, applications, challenges, and future directions of multimodal conversational AI. Drawing on prior studies, the review analyzes key frameworks and models, including Situated Interactive MultiModal Conversations (SIMMC) and DialogueTRM, which employ multimodal fusion to support emotion recognition and context-aware interaction. The synthesis indicates that combining multiple modalities enhances system accuracy, strengthens user engagement, and enables richer contextual understanding in conversational settings. At the same time, the review identifies major challenges related to data synchronization, privacy protection, computational complexity, and bias mitigation. Based on these findings, the study highlights the need for future research on adaptive fusion techniques, cross-cultural usability, ethical AI development, and the incorporation of emerging modalities such as haptic and physiological data. This review contributes to the growing scholarship on conversational AI by providing an integrated understanding of the opportunities and limitations of multimodal systems and by outlining directions for the development of more responsive, inclusive, and ethically grounded AI interactions.
Improving the Spectral Efficiency of Multiuser Multiple Antenna Millimeter Wave System Using Enhanced Kalman-Based Hybrid Precoder Uneze, Chioma Odochi; Mbachu, C. B.; Muoghalu, Chidiebere N.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i2.8765

Abstract

Multipath fading remains a critical challenge in wireless communication systems, necessitating precoding schemes that are both flexible and robust under realistic transmission conditions. This study evaluated the performance of an enhanced Kalman-based hybrid digital precoding algorithm in a multipath environment with 10 paths and compared it with zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), and conventional Kalman hybrid digital precoding schemes reported in the literature. Using simulation-based analysis under varying numbers of base station (BS) antennas, the study assessed spectral efficiency as the primary performance indicator. The results showed that, at 64 BS antennas, the enhanced Kalman scheme outperformed ZF, MMSE, and Kalman precoding by 1.9711 bps/Hz, 1.7155 bps/Hz, and 1.11 bps/Hz, respectively. At 81 BS antennas, the corresponding performance gains were 1.7453 bps/Hz over ZF, 1.5344 bps/Hz over MMSE, and 0.9385 bps/Hz over Kalman. Similarly, at 256 BS antennas, the enhanced scheme achieved superior spectral efficiency by 1.4116 bps/Hz over ZF, 1.3324 bps/Hz over MMSE, and 0.9301 bps/Hz over Kalman. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the enhanced Kalman-based hybrid digital precoding algorithm consistently provides the highest spectral efficiency under identical multipath conditions, indicating improved data transmission performance over multipath communication channels. This study therefore contributes practical evidence for the application of enhanced Kalman-based precoding in wireless digital communication systems, with implications for achieving faster and more adaptable data transfer in realistic multipath environments.
Land Use and Land Cover in Akure City, Ondo State, Nigeria, Using GIS and Remote Sensing Olabode, Abiodun Daniel
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i3.8818

Abstract

Urbanization and industrial development have intensified pressure on forest reserves in cities and settlement areas, increasing the vulnerability of urban forests to land-use change. This study examines the effects of land-use changes on forest encroachment in Akure City, Ondo State, Nigeria. A remote sensing and GIS-based approach was employed using satellite imagery obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for 2000, 2010, and 2020. The images were processed and analyzed using ArcMap 10.5 and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software to assess changes in land-use and land-cover patterns over the study period. The findings reveal notable changes in Akure City’s land-use structure, with less dense forest accounting for 41%, 66%, and 58% in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, while built-up areas increased from 1.53% in 2000 to 3.28% in 2010 and 5.28% in 2020. The loss of natural vegetation also increased substantially from 4.4 km² in 2000 to 9.34 km² in 2010 and 12.01 km² in 2020. Surface water bodies were nearly absent in 2000 but accounted for 0.93 km² in 2010 and 0.66 km² in 2020. These findings indicate that continued urban expansion and associated land-use changes are likely to accelerate forest encroachment in Akure City. The study contributes to urban environmental management by highlighting the need for government authorities at all levels to implement sustainable forest conservation strategies and integrated city management policies.
Sustainable Nature-Based Landscaping and Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Faculty of Engineering, Imo State University, Owerri Emeribe, Happiness Ebere; Ucheoma, Ihuomachuchukwu; Uwakwe, Ephraim; Ahamefule, Favour; Ibe, Ephraim
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i3.8854

Abstract

Although urban landscape studies have largely emphasized large-scale parks and green infrastructure, limited attention has been given to small-scale but high-impact spaces such as building entrances, particularly within educational institutions. This study aims to redesign the entrances of the Agricultural Engineering (AGE) and Civil Engineering (CVE) Departments, Faculty of Engineering, Imo State University, Owerri, using sustainable landscape practices and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). A site assessment was conducted to develop a sustainable landscape plan that integrates ecological functionality with existing soil conditions, topography, vegetation, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The redesign incorporated grasses and native plants to enhance site aesthetics, support rainwater absorption, and reduce flooding risk. Clearly defined walkways bordered by kerbs were introduced to guide pedestrian movement while improving functionality and visual quality, and a designated car entrance was created to ensure smooth vehicular access without disrupting the natural layout. The findings show that NBS-based entrance design can enhance aesthetics, functionality, institutional identity, ecological performance, and interdisciplinary relevance across the humanities, engineering, and arts. The study concludes that university entrance spaces can function beyond ornamental purposes by becoming dynamic ecological systems that provide environmental, educational, and psychological benefits. Its contribution lies in demonstrating that the integration of Nature-Based Solutions in institutional landscapes can strengthen climate resilience, improve visual appeal, support Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11 and SDG 15, and position entrance spaces as critical ecological nodes that shape first impressions, influence microclimatic conditions, and guide future landscape research and design.
Design and Assessment of a 3.7 KW Off-Grid Biogas Power System for Economic Optimization in Medium-Scale Nigerian Farming Ignatius, Ibekwe Arinze; Sylvester, Abonyi Emeka; Muoghalu, Chidiebere Nnaedozie; Anionovo, Ugochukwu Edebeani
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i3.8907

Abstract

The removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria in May 2023 sharply increased energy costs, with Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) prices rising by more than 200%, thereby intensifying operating cost pressures in the agricultural sector, particularly for small- and medium-scale farms dependent on fossil-fuel-based power. This study evaluates the feasibility of an off-grid biogas power system as a cost-mitigation strategy through the design, capacity optimization, and techno-economic assessment of a 3.7 kW biogas-based electricity generation system. A representative medium-scale livestock farm comprising 10 cattle, 20 pigs, and 500 poultry birds was analyzed. The proposed system integrates a 30 m³ fixed-dome anaerobic digester operating under a co-digestion regime using mixed swine, bovine, and poultry substrates, with a total daily feedstock input of approximately 235 kg. System modeling indicates a biogas production potential of 13.15 m³ per day, which, when supplied to a dual-fuel generator, produces an average electrical output of 22.35 kWh per day and supports continuous operation of a 3.7 kW load for up to six hours. The economic evaluation shows an approximately 95% reduction in monthly energy expenditure, from ₦319,000 to ₦14,000, while digestate utilization as organic fertilizer provides an additional estimated monthly revenue of ₦168,000. Financial indicators reveal a payback period of 5.5 months and a gross profit increase exceeding 100% within the first year of operation. Performance assessment further demonstrates benefits in electrical output, fossil fuel displacement, operating cost savings, investment recovery, environmental impact, and waste treatment efficiency. The study concludes that small-scale biogas power systems of this capacity are technically robust and economically viable for decentralized agricultural energy supply in Nigeria, contributing to rural energy security, emission reduction, and circular resource utilization.

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