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Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30255287     EISSN : 30254507     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTEA
Core Subject : Science, Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art [3025-5287 (Print) and 3025-4507 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students, and policymakers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical reviews. AJSTEA publishes 6 editions a year in February, April, June, August, October and December. This journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base. AJSTEA Journal has authors from 5 countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Nepal, and India).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 231 Documents
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Legal Analysis of the Challenges of Child Support Obligations in the Context of Multiparenthood and the Crecer Juntos Law Trejo, Morena Yamileth Castro
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7190

Abstract

The incorporation of socio-affectivity in child upbringing, formally recognized by the Crecer Juntos Law (2023) in El Salvador, introduces new legal challenges in relation to maintenance obligations, which have traditionally been grounded in legally established biological kinship. This dogmatic legal and descriptive study examines current legislation, doctrinal perspectives, jurisprudence, and the opinions of family law specialists to assess the normative foundations and existing gaps concerning maintenance responsibilities of affinity parents with socio-affective ties or biological parents lacking legal recognition. The findings reveal the absence of specific regulations requiring such parents to assume maintenance obligations, creating uncertainty in the protection of children’s rights. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for legal reform or, alternatively, judicial interpretation guided by the principle of the best interests of the child. Such measures are essential to adapt the Salvadoran legal framework to the realities of multiparental families and to ensure comprehensive protection of children’s welfare.
Effect of pH on Microbial Growth and Performance of Paint Produced Using Gum Arabic as a Binder Mshelia, Yusuf Madu; Lawan, Muhammad Zannah; Lawan, Daggash Muhammad; Sulum, Al-amin Modu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7210

Abstract

This study investigates the use of gum Arabic as a natural binder in emulsion paint, with particular focus on the influence of pH levels on its physical properties and microbial resistance. Paint formulations were adjusted to pH values ranging from 7.11 to 11.16. Results showed that increasing pH reduced paint density and viscosity, while drying time, scrub resistance, and coverage remained largely unaffected. Microbiological analysis revealed significant bacterial growth, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus species at pH 7.11, whereas no microbial activity was observed at higher pH levels, indicating that pH regulation plays a critical role in minimizing microbial contamination. These findings highlight gum Arabic’s potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to synthetic binders in paint production. However, the study also emphasizes the importance of incorporating complementary preservation strategies, as long-term microbial resistance under varying environmental conditions may require the addition of natural or synthetic preservatives or synergistic use of other natural compounds. Overall, gum Arabic offers promise for greener industrial applications when coupled with optimized pH control and preservation measures.
Nanocomposites: An In-Depth Exploration of Synthesis, Properties, Classification, and Prospective Application Imo, F. U.; Nwabueze, C. A.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7243

Abstract

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and materials engineering have expanded options for high-performance materials, with nanocomposites—heterogeneous hybrids formed by incorporating nanoscale constituents—offering distinctive property combinations driven by composition, structure, and interfacial interactions. This study’s objective is to synthesize current knowledge on how nanoscale constituents (e.g., nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene) modify mechanical, thermal, and electrical responses, and to highlight practical techniques for processing enhanced MBC, PBC, and CBC composites alongside procedures for efficient, result-oriented characterization. Methodologically, the work collates and organizes techniques and procedures reported in the literature, emphasizing processing routes and characterization protocols relevant to applications across sectors. Key findings indicate that the incorporation of nanomaterials—characterized by very high tensile strength and thermal/electrical conductivity and often eco-friendly attributes—tends to alter and improve composite performance; nanocomposites, as multiphase systems with one, two, or three dimensions on the order of 1 mm to 100 nm, are increasingly adopted from small- to large-scale industrial contexts including automobiles, construction, electronics, information technology, food packaging, and biomedicine. The study concludes that nanomaterial integration is a viable strategy for tailoring composite properties and enabling broader industrial deployment. The contribution and implication lie in consolidating processing techniques for enhanced MBC, PBC, and CBC systems, outlining characterization procedures that support reproducible evaluation, and mapping current and prospective application domains relevant to today’s technology landscape.
Valorization of Plastic Waste in the Manufacture of Paving Stones in Congo Republic: The Case of Polyethylene Terephthalates (PET) Berry, Ulrich; Motoula, Smäel Magloire Elombo; Samba, René Evrard Josué; Ndzessou, Westinevy Benarez
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.7260

Abstract

This study aims to contribute to the valorization of plastic waste—one of the leading contributors to environmental pollution—by proposing a practical recycling approach that utilizes waste plastics as a binder in road surfacing materials. Specifically, the research investigates the use of thermoplastic waste, with a focus on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), collected from the streets of Brazzaville, in the production of eco-friendly paving blocks. These blocks are composed of a sand matrix and contain 53.33% recycled plastic by weight. The study employed an experimental methodology, with water absorption rate as the primary performance indicator. The results indicate a consistently low water absorption rate across samples, regardless of variations in plastic content, suggesting a stable and durable material performance. These findings highlight the potential of recycled plastic-based paving blocks as a sustainable alternative for road surfacing, contributing to both waste reduction and infrastructure development.
Effect of Fermentation Time on the Nutritional Composition of Soybean-Based Yoghurt: A Review Oluwakemisola, Daramola Precious
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.7271

Abstract

The rising demand for plant-based dairy alternatives has heightened the need to optimize production processes for products such as soybean-based yoghurt. Fermentation time is a key determinant of the product’s nutritional profile, sensory attributes, and functional properties. This review synthesizes recent peer-reviewed studies to examine the effects of varying fermentation durations on protein digestibility, allergenicity reduction, carbohydrate transformation, fatty acid composition, mineral bioavailability, vitamin retention, and the formation of bioactive compounds. Findings suggest that medium fermentation durations (8–24 hours) generally offer the best balance between nutritional enhancement and probiotic viability. Longer fermentation periods can further improve phytate degradation and the conversion of isoflavone glycosides into more bioavailable aglycones, though they may also lead to decreased vitamin stability and undesirable acidification. These changes have important health implications, including improved protein digestibility, enhanced gastrointestinal health through probiotic enrichment, and increased suitability for lactose-intolerant and vegan consumers. However, research gaps persist, particularly in long-term storage stability, standardization of fermentation protocols, and the integration of fortification strategies. Future research should explore advanced microbial strain selection, enzyme-assisted fermentation, and metabolomic profiling to maximize nutritional and functional outcomes. This review offers practical insights for industry practitioners and researchers aiming to improve the quality and health benefits of soybean-based yoghurt.
Microbiological and Chemical Safety of Street-Vended Foods in Urban Markets Oluwakemisola, Daramola Precious
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.7272

Abstract

Street-vended foods are an essential component of urban diets and local economies in Nigeria; however, concerns over their microbiological and chemical safety remain prevalent. This cross-sectional study evaluated contamination levels in 120 food samples collected from three distinct vending environments in Benin City, Edo State: a central wholesale market, a neighborhood produce market, and a roadside trading cluster. Microbiological analysis focused on total viable counts (TVC), Escherichia coli, coliforms, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, while chemical assessments quantified lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and selected pesticide residues using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Results revealed that 38% of samples exceeded the Codex Alimentarius TVC threshold of 5 log₁₀ cfu/g. E. coli was present in 25% of samples, with the highest incidence in fresh salads (45%), while Salmonella spp. appeared in 8%, predominantly in meat and salad items. S. aureus was detected in 30% of samples, especially in fried snacks and grilled meats. Pb levels exceeded permissible limits in 15% of samples, particularly grilled meats and roadside salads; however, Cd and pesticide residues generally remained within Codex maximum residue limits. Identified contamination sources included environmental exposure, inadequate food handling, and the use of unsafe water. These findings highlight the need for strengthened hygiene training for vendors, regulatory oversight, and infrastructural improvements to reduce health risks while sustaining livelihoods. Ensuring food safety in the street food sector is vital for public health protection in rapidly urbanizing contexts.
Development of Gluten-Free Bread Using Cassava and Sorghum Flour Blends Oluwakemisola, Daramola Precious
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.7273

Abstract

Cassava–sorghum flour blends have garnered growing interest in gluten-free bread production due to their complementary functional and nutritional attributes. This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed literature on the synergistic effects of these blends in enhancing bread texture, flavor, and nutritional quality, with a focus on optimal blending ratios, loaf volume, crumb softness, and shelf life. Evidence indicates that incorporating approximately 25% sorghum flour into cassava-based formulations preserves favorable sensory properties while improving dietary fiber content, antioxidant capacity, and glycemic control relative to traditional wheat-based breads. While cassava contributes advantageous starch characteristics, its inherently low protein and micronutrient content necessitates targeted fortification strategies, including the addition of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Notable research gaps include limited studies on long-term shelf life, the efficacy of nutrient fortification, and challenges in scaling up production. Emerging food technologies, such as enzyme application, extrusion, and hydrocolloid incorporation present promising opportunities for optimizing product quality and functional performance. Overall, cassava–sorghum breads offer substantial potential in expanding the gluten-free product market, particularly when formulation and processing methods are strategically refined to meet both nutritional and sensory expectations.
A Telescoping Decomposition Approach for Solving the Logistic Differential Equation O., Okai J.; Suzanna, Samson; N., Sanda L.; M., Nasir U.; Y., Hafsat U.; S., Gidado A.; B., Mwaput D.; T., Danjuma; U., Mujahid A.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7296

Abstract

This paper investigates the application of the Telescoping Decomposition Method (TDM) to the Logistic Differential Equation (LDE) with the objective of obtaining accurate approximate solutions and benchmarking performance against established techniques. Methodologically, TDM is applied to two test cases, and the resulting approximations are compared with the exact solution and with those produced by the Elzaki Adomian Decomposition Method (EADM). The key findings show that TDM yields solutions in close agreement with the exact solution, with absolute errors reported as minimal (specific values not provided), and that it outperforms EADM in both accuracy and convergence rate while eliminating the need for repeated integral transforms. The study concludes that TDM is a simple, reliable, and computationally efficient approach for the LDE. The contribution and implication are that TDM offers a practical alternative for solving nonlinear differential equations and is readily extendable to more complex models.
Groundwater Hydraulic Characterization from Part of the Basement Area Using Vertical Electrical Sounding Data: A Case Study of Oshogbo, Southwestern Nigeria Adeyinka, Falana Olukayode
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7334

Abstract

Groundwater potential in basement complex terrains is primarily governed by the hydraulic properties of weathered and fractured zones, as the underlying bedrock typically exhibits low porosity and permeability. This study utilized the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method with a Schlumberger array at 20 locations within Oshogbo metropolis to evaluate groundwater potential. Geophysical data were processed using WINRESIST software to interpret subsurface characteristics and estimate key aquifer parameters—hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and longitudinal conductance—through established empirical and interpretative models. The subsurface sequence delineated includes topsoil (resistivity: 16.1–2509.8 Ωm; thickness: 0.5–9.7 m), clay (10.5–43 Ωm; 2.8–27.7 m), sandy/clayey materials (54–133 Ωm; 6–19.8 m), weathered layers (822.6–1635.7 Ωm; 6–19.8 m), and fresh bedrock (1614.1–5679.8 Ωm). Hydraulic conductivity values ranged from 0.33 to 61.36 m/day, with a mean of 20.07 m/day, while transmissivity varied in relation to both conductivity and aquifer thickness. Longitudinal conductance values ranged from 0.002 to 0.325 Ω⁻¹ (mean: 0.087 Ω⁻¹), indicating generally poor protective capacity and high vulnerability across the study area, with exceptions at Locations L01, L10, and L15, which exhibited moderate protective capacity. These three sites also demonstrated moderate hydraulic conductivity, low transmissivity, and fair groundwater potential. Overall, the integration of geoelectrical and hydrogeophysical parameters offers a reliable approach for assessing aquifer capacity and groundwater vulnerability in crystalline basement terrains.
Determination of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Some Dairy Cattle Products Sold in Kwami L.G.A of Gombe State Hammari, Abubakar Muhammad; Bello, Aishatu; Umar, Balkisu Salihu; Aliyu, Bappah Mamuda; Gad, Ishaya Ajuji
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7412

Abstract

This study evaluates the physicochemical and microbial properties of commonly consumed dairy products in Kwami Local Government Area (L.G.A.), with the objective of identifying potential health risks to consumers and informing regulatory oversight. A variety of dairy products—including milk, cheese, and yogurt—were sampled from multiple retail points and analyzed using standard analytical techniques in accordance with National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Physicochemical parameters assessed included pH, moisture, fat, protein content, and titratable acidity, while microbial analysis targeted pathogenic organisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Results revealed significant variation in physicochemical properties, with protein content ranging from 9.80 ± 0.01% to 11.3 ± 0.82%, high moisture levels (70.5 ± 0.61% to 75.5 ± 0.61%), and elevated titratable acidity (0.5254 ± 0.03% in fresh milk to 2.6800 ± 0.02% in Kindirmo). Mean pH values were 3.50 and 4.55 for fresh milk and Kindirmo, respectively. Microbial screening detected high levels of contamination, including Staphylococcus aureus (3.00 × 10⁵ CFU/ml), Escherichia coli (8.0 × 10⁶ CFU/ml), Bacillus subtilis (2.80 × 10⁶ CFU/ml), and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (5.0 × 10⁵ CFU/ml), with some strains exhibiting antibiotic resistance. These findings underscore serious public health concerns and emphasize the urgent need for strengthened quality control measures, regulatory enforcement, and public awareness to enhance dairy safety in the region.

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