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Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30255287     EISSN : 30254507     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTEA
Core Subject : Science, Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art [3025-5287 (Print) and 3025-4507 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students, and policymakers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical reviews. AJSTEA publishes 6 editions a year in February, April, June, August, October and December. This journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base. AJSTEA Journal has authors from 5 countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Nepal, and India).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 231 Documents
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Antiplasmodial and Haem Transition Activities of Tannin and Glycoside Fractions of Phyllanthus amarus Blessed, Akpor Ugochukwu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7460

Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health threat, particularly in Nigeria, amid rising resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to existing therapies, underscoring the need for new, effective, and affordable antimalarials. This study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus tannin and glycoside extracts and to assess their effects on haem-related mechanisms. Standard procedures were used to prepare crude extracts, which were tested against sensitive P. falciparum 3D7 strains; parasite growth inhibition and haem transition inhibition assays were conducted, and performance was benchmarked against chloroquine. Key findings show that the tannin extract reduced parasite growth (albeit less than chloroquine, p < 0.05) with IC₅₀ = 3.09 µg/mL, whereas the glycoside extract exhibited minimal activity (IC₅₀ = 14.45 µg/mL) compared with chloroquine (IC₅₀ = 0.41 µg/mL). Neither extract significantly inhibited haem transition, in contrast to chloroquine, suggesting possible interference at early stages of haem oligomerisation while haem remains in solution. The study concludes that the tannin extract demonstrates promising antiplasmodial activity, while the glycoside extract does not. The contribution and implication are that the antimalarial properties of P. amarus observed in vitro and in vivo may be partly attributable to its tannin content, warranting further investigation as a candidate for antimalarial development.
U.S.-China Rivalry Controls AI-Based Defense Machine in the Natuna Sea and Malacca Strait: Indonesia's AI Governance Diplomacy in Navigating International Regulations Baresi, Muhammad Jordan; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7594

Abstract

This research examines the intensifying military artificial intelligence (AI) rivalry between the United States and China in the Southeast Asian maritime domain, with a focus on its implications for Indonesia’s sovereignty and regional security, particularly in the Natuna Sea and the Strait of Malacca. Despite the strategic significance of this technological contest, its impact on Indonesia’s defense and diplomatic posture remains underexplored. The study aims to analyze how the U.S.–China military AI competition is reshaping regional security dynamics and how Indonesia’s defense diplomacy navigates international legal frameworks amid emerging AI-based threats. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach with a comparative case study design, the research draws on diplomatic documents and reports from international institutions such as the UN, ASEAN, SIPRI, and IISS. Data were analyzed using thematic coding via NVivo 14 and triangulated across multiple sources. Findings reveal that military AI has transformed conventional security concerns into an era of algorithmic rivalry that remains largely unregulated under existing international law. In response, Indonesia has pursued a form of AI Governance Diplomacy, a defense diplomacy strategy grounded in the principles of human oversight, algorithmic transparency, and legal accountability. The study concludes that Indonesia’s normative approach contributes to shaping emerging global norms on military AI governance. Theoretically, the findings expand non-traditional security discourse by incorporating algorithmic threats, while practically offering recommendations to strengthen ethical and regulatory frameworks for AI within ASEAN’s regional security architecture.
Safeguarding Maritime Critical Infrastructure: Indonesia’s Defense Diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific Security Architecture under the Joko Widodo Administration (2014–2024) Nurjanah, Ita; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7607

Abstract

Maritime critical infrastructure (MCI)—comprising undersea data cables, energy pipelines, ports, and shipping lanes—is essential to sustaining global economic stability and digital connectivity. This is particularly critical in Southeast Asia, a region marked by dense maritime traffic and rising geopolitical tensions, including hybrid threats. As the largest archipelagic state in the region, Indonesia plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the security and resilience of these infrastructures. This study analyzes Indonesia’s defense diplomacy in protecting MCI within the broader Indo-Pacific security architecture during the administration of President Joko Widodo (2014–2024). Anchored in Barry Buzan’s Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), alongside the concepts of hedging and defense diplomacy, the research employs a qualitative descriptive method to examine Indonesia’s strategic positioning. Findings indicate that Indonesia’s approach emphasizes diplomatic engagement, regional institutional cooperation, and strategic autonomy—enabling it to enhance infrastructure resilience while preserving neutrality amid intensifying U.S.–China rivalry. Key enablers include the adoption of technological innovation, improved inter-agency coordination, and multilateral defense partnerships. The study concludes that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy not only contributes to national infrastructure protection but also reinforces the stability of the Indo-Pacific maritime order.
Development of a Web-Based Platform Utilizing a Hybrid CNN Architecture for Real-Time Fecal Image Classification Omideyi, Damilare Andrew; Isiaka, Rafiu Mope; Babatunde, Ronke Seyi
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7506

Abstract

Accurate classification of fecal images offers a non-invasive, scalable method for diagnosing enteric diseases such as Coccidiosis, Salmonellosis, and Newcastle disease, overcoming limitations associated with traditional diagnostic approaches that are often time-intensive, costly, and reliant on expert interpretation. This study presents the development of a real-time, web-based diagnostic platform employing a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to classify fecal images. The proposed architecture integrates MobileNetV2 for efficient inference with VGG-16 for robust feature extraction, optimizing both diagnostic accuracy and computational performance. The model was trained on a curated and augmented dataset of labeled fecal images, subsequently quantized and converted into TensorFlow Lite format to ensure compatibility with mobile devices. The deployed system allows users to upload images through a web browser or Android application, delivering immediate classification results across four categories: Coccidiosis, Salmonella, Newcastle disease, or Healthy. Evaluation results demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and responsiveness in real-world conditions. The findings highlight the potential of hybrid deep learning models within mobile and web-based platforms to facilitate field-ready, real-time disease detection. Future enhancements should include dataset expansion across diverse geographic regions and the integration of additional diagnostic modalities to improve robustness and adaptability.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Argon Plasma Properties Hussein, Mohammed Ubaid
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7520

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of an external magnetic field on the fundamental properties of argon plasma, with a specific focus on electronic and ionic densities. Experimental results obtained under varying magnetic field intensities demonstrate a significant impact on plasma behavior. The application of a magnetic field resulted in a notable increase in both electronic and ionic densities, with electronic density rising by approximately 20% and ionic density by 6%, indicating a direct proportional relationship with the strength of the magnetic field. These findings also suggest alterations in the characteristics of the electric field within the plasma environment. The results underscore the magnetic field's role in modulating plasma parameters and provide insights that may inform the design and optimization of plasma-based systems in both research and industrial contexts.
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Soilless Aqua-Beans Farm Monitoring System Using Thinker.io Yukur, Aminu Murtala; Nazif, D. M.; Abdullahi, Nasiru; Nghalmi, S. B.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7527

Abstract

The increasing global population, coupled with limitations in conventional agriculture—such as land scarcity and water shortages—demands innovative approaches to sustainable food production. Aquaponics, which integrates aquaculture and hydroponics in a closed-loop system, offers a viable solution by recycling water and nutrients. Despite its advantages, traditional aquaponic systems often struggle to maintain optimal environmental conditions and rely heavily on manual oversight. This study presents the design and implementation of a smart, IoT-enabled soilless aqua-beans farm monitoring system, leveraging the Thinker.io platform to address these challenges. The system comprises an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a suite of environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, pH, water level, and light intensity), with data transmitted via MQTT to the Thinker.io cloud for real-time visualization and analysis. An automated feedback mechanism, incorporating water pumps and LED lights, ensures environmental parameters remain within ideal thresholds. A two-day monitoring phase demonstrated the system’s effectiveness in stabilizing conditions necessary for the cultivation of beans and fish. The findings underscore the potential of IoT integration to enhance precision, remote accessibility, and resource efficiency in urban farming. Moreover, the project supports scalability through the provision of documentation and farmer training, aiming to facilitate broader adoption in resource-constrained regions such as Nigeria.
Oil and Renewable Energies: A Review Berry, Ulrich; Levo, Marcelin Phambu; Madimba, John Didrick
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7861

Abstract

Energy plays a critical role in driving the development and sustainability of modern societies, serving as a foundational component in fulfilling essential human needs such as heating, transportation, cooking, and powering industrial and domestic activities. Although renewable energy sources—such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass—are gaining traction due to their environmental benefits and long-term sustainability, non-renewable sources like oil continue to dominate the global energy system. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of renewable energy and oil, examining their respective characteristics, advantages, and limitations. The analysis highlights that while renewable sources are cleaner and replenishable on a human timescale, oil remains a dominant energy source due to its high energy density, ease of storage and transport, and integral role in the global economy. However, the environmental drawbacks and finite nature of oil underscore the urgency of transitioning toward more sustainable alternatives. The findings underscore the necessity of a gradual but deliberate shift toward renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and ensure long-term energy security. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy transitions and offers insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with reducing global dependence on fossil fuels.
Childhood Trauma and Cognitive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study of In-School Adolescents in Gwagwalada, Nigeria Arogbofa, Anthony A.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7603

Abstract

Childhood trauma is a well-established risk factor for cognitive impairments; however, its impact on Nigerian adolescents remains underexplored. This study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and cognitive functioning among in-school adolescents in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Employing a cross-sectional design, 240 students (120 males, 120 females; M = 14.5 years, SD = 1.47) were randomly selected from four secondary schools. Trauma exposure was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), while cognitive functioning—specifically memory, attention, and executive function—was assessed using the PROMIS Pediatric Item Bank v1.0. Results revealed that 75% of participants reported experiencing at least one form of trauma, with emotional abuse being the most prevalent (45%). Correlation and regression analyses showed a significant negative association between trauma exposure and cognitive functioning (r = –0.42, p < 0.01), with emotional abuse emerging as the strongest predictor (β = –0.35, p < 0.01). ANOVA results confirmed significant group differences, indicating that emotional abuse predicted the most severe cognitive deficits (F(4, 235) = 9.12, p < 0.01). Gender emerged as a moderating variable, with female adolescents exhibiting heightened vulnerability to trauma-related cognitive impairments. These findings underscore the critical need for trauma-informed educational and clinical interventions tailored to adolescent populations in Nigeria. The study recommends further research into the neurobiological pathways of trauma and the development of culturally responsive support systems for affected youth.
Development and Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Smart Modular Aquaponic System for Sustainable Food Production Abdulkadir, Abubakar; Abdurrahman, Mubarak; Mutalib, Yusuf Ova; Hamidat, B. Y.; Hamza, Jamilu Bala
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7627

Abstract

Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics into a symbiotic, soil-free agricultural system that offers a sustainable solution to global food production challenges. In response to the increasing demand for environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient farming methods, this study presents the development and implementation of a microcontroller-based smart modular aquaponic system aimed at automating water quality regulation, with a focus on pH level control. Traditional aquaponic systems rely heavily on manual monitoring and adjustment of critical parameters, often leading to inefficiencies and inconsistencies. The proposed system integrates a pH sensor with a microcontroller that triggers a pumping mechanism to adjust water conditions when pH levels exceed 7.1. Experimental validation across three monitoring intervals (08:00, 14:00, and 20:00) demonstrated the system’s ability to maintain pH within the optimal range of 6.8–7.1. The findings confirm that the automated approach significantly improves operational stability, enhances water resource efficiency, and promotes environmental sustainability within aquaponic systems. Moreover, the modular configuration facilitates scalability and customization across diverse settings. This study underscores the transformative potential of automation in advancing aquaponics as a viable model for sustainable and technologically integrated food production.
Weibull-Based Reliability Scheduling of the Crusher Section in the Lokotrack LT1213S: A Data-Driven Maintenance Framework Nkeoma, Ubbaonu Chinonso Francis; Francis, Paulinus-Nwamuo Chiedozie; Barrie, Alusine
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7636

Abstract

Industrial machinery used in mining and aggregate production is often subject to frequent breakdowns, primarily due to suboptimal maintenance scheduling, resulting in decreased operational efficiency, elevated costs, and safety risks. This study focuses on the Lokotrack LT1213S mobile crushing plant, commonly deployed in quarry operations, with specific emphasis on its crusher section—the most critical and failure-prone subsystem. The research aims to establish an optimal preventive maintenance interval that minimizes unexpected failures while sustaining operational performance. A reliability-based maintenance scheduling framework was developed, utilizing time-to-failure data obtained from field operation logs and analyzed through Weibull statistical modeling in Minitab. Key crusher components—including the belt drive, lining bolts, mill lining, and door bottom—were examined to determine their reliability profiles and failure rates. Reliability plots and probability density functions were employed to predict component degradation and expected lifespans. The analysis revealed that the crusher subsystem maintains a reliability above 90% during the initial 24 to 31 operating hours, beyond which failure probability increases significantly. Consequently, a preventive maintenance interval within this range is recommended to optimize equipment uptime and reduce unplanned downtime. These findings align with established reliability engineering methodologies, particularly those proposed by Ebeling [1], Villanueva et al. [2], and Chen & Zhang [6]. The study concludes that Weibull-based reliability analysis provides a robust foundation for predictive maintenance planning, contributing to improved safety, prolonged equipment lifespan, and enhanced productivity in mining operations.

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