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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 775 Documents
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Effect of single-layer graphene incorporation on TiO₂ photoanodes for enhanced photovoltaic performance of chlorophyll-based dye-sensitized solar cells Uzfi Helmi Zamzami; Prihanto Trihutomo; Aminnudin Aminnudin; Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62328

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy technologies has encouraged extensive research on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing environmentally friendly and sustainable conductive materials. This study aims to synthesize and characterize TiO₂/single-layer graphene composites as photoanodes to improve electron transport and photovoltaic performance in chlorophyll-based DSSCs. TiO₂/single-layer graphene composites were prepared with graphene concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% v/v, while pure TiO₂ was used as the control sample. The synthesized composites were deposited onto FTO substrates as photoanode films, and their structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties were analyzed using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photovoltaic performance of the fabricated DSSCs was evaluated through current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The results demonstrate that incorporation of single-layer graphene significantly improves crystallinity, surface homogeneity, and interfacial interaction between TiO₂ and graphene, as confirmed by the formation of Ti–O–C bonding. UV–Vis analysis revealed enhanced visible-light absorption, a redshift in the absorption edge, and reduced optical band gap energy after graphene incorporation, indicating improved light-harvesting capability. Among all investigated compositions, the TiO₂/single-layer graphene photoanode containing 1.0% v/v graphene exhibited the highest photovoltaic performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 1.09% with a fill factor of 63.7%. However, excessive graphene incorporation at 1.5% v/v caused particle agglomeration and reduced film uniformity, which negatively affected DSSC performance. Overall, moderate incorporation of single-layer graphene effectively enhanced conductivity, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties, highlighting its strong potential as an environmentally friendly conductive material for sustainable chlorophyll-based DSSC applications. 
Study on the effect of bionic flap based on owl wing contour on aerodynamic noise of airfoil Xian Fan Xie; Liu Chen; Jian Shen Zhu
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62430

Abstract

Modifying flap geometry to reduce trailing-edge turbulence is an effective approach to lower wind-turbine blade aerodynamic noise. Based on the NACA0018 airfoil, a new bionic serrated flap was designed by mimicking the owl wing structure. Numerical methods were employed to investigate its noise reduction mechanism, utilizing Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) method. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance of the baseline airfoil, a flat-plate Gurney flap (PGF), a standard serrated flap (SGF), and the bionic flap (BGF) were calculated at different inflow wind speeds (Re = 7×104, 1.4×105 and 2.1×105) under various inflow angles (0°, 6°, 10° and 15°). Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed BGF configuration mitigates the additional noise induced by the traditional Gurney flap, with reductions observed in the overall sound pressure levels across the monitored directivity points. Compared to the baseline airfoil, the BGF demonstrates noise reduction at low angles of attack (AoA < 6°), with a peak OASPL decrease of 4.6 dB. However, this aeroacoustic advantage diminishes rapidly as the AoA exceeds 6°, suggesting that the noise-suppression effectiveness of the bionic contour is highly sensitive to the inflow angle. Analysis of wake vortex structures and turbulence intensity reveals that the curved bionic flap effectively suppresses vortex clusters and turbulence intensity, leading to reduce the airfoil's aerodynamic noise. 
Low-Density Floating PGlu–STY/EPS Immobilized Lipase Biocatalyst with Particle-Size-Controlled Architecture for Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Production Natta Rattanapanya; Thanaporn Jitrasing; Jittranuch Jirapathomkul; Surachai Pornpakakul
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62501

Abstract

Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was immobilized onto low-density polyglutaraldehyde–styrene-coated expandable polystyrene beads (PGlu–STY/EPS) and applied as a reusable biocatalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil via ethanolysis. The catalyst system was developed through a progressive catalyst-engineering strategy involving floating support design, support-density engineering, particle-size optimization, and coating morphology refinement to may improve catalyst distribution, interfacial accessibility, and operational stability. The immobilized lipase exhibited a protein loading yield of 71.81% and catalytic activity of 26.12 U g⁻¹-support. Smaller EPS particle sizes and optimized PGlu–STY coating conditions improved enzyme immobilization efficiency and catalytic performance by enhancing substrate accessibility and reducing diffusion limitations. Under optimized transesterification conditions, including an oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:5, temperature of 40 °C, reaction time of 24 h, and the use of absolute ethanol, the maximum fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) conversion reached 92.8%. Biodiesel conversion was quantified using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The immobilized catalyst maintained substantial catalytic activity over more than 10 repeated reaction cycles, indicating favorable operational stability and reusability. FT-IR analysis suggested successful covalent immobilization through Schiff-base interactions between aldehyde groups of the support and amino groups of the enzyme. The floating low-density EPS architecture may contribute to improved catalyst distribution in the heterogeneous oil/alcohol reaction medium and reduced unfavorable sedimentation in glycerol-rich regions, thereby potentially enhancing interfacial transesterification behavior. Although advanced characterization techniques such as BET, XPS, and GC–MS were not available in the present study, the combined catalytic and morphological results demonstrate that PGlu–STY/EPS supports provide a potentially useful platform for reusable immobilized lipase systems for enzymatic transesterification applications.
Institutional quality role in oil price uncertainty-renewable energy consumption nexus: ASEAN-8 Bayesian evidence Duy Khanh Le
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62361

Abstract

Amid escalating climate change pressures and global energy market volatility, accelerating the green energy transition is critical yet challenging for developing economies. ASEAN nations face a stark “energy paradox”: rapid economic growth accompanied by heavy reliance on fossil fuels and sluggish renewable energy adoption. Against this backdrop, this study investigates the impact of oil price uncertainty (OPU) on renewable energy consumption in ASEAN-8 countries over the 2002–2022 period and examines the moderating role of institutional quality. We employ a Bayesian linear regression framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, specifically Gibbs sampling, further validated by Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). This probabilistic approach effectively overcomes small-sample bias, data heterogeneity, and missing data inherent in emerging market datasets. The empirical results reveal that OPU significantly hinders renewable energy consumption, supporting the Real Options Theory wherein market instability compels investors and consumers to defer high-cost, irreversible green projects. Crucially, institutional quality fails to provide the expected moderating effect to shield the green sector from oil market shocks. Furthermore, the findings uncover a critical “institutional paradox”: higher institutional quality adversely correlates with renewable energy adoption, suggesting that improved governance in early-stage ASEAN economies temporarily prioritizes rapid industrialization and traditional fossil-fuel stability over the green transition. As one of the first studies to explore the OPU–renewable energy nexus through a Bayesian lens with institutional moderation, this research challenges conventional assumptions in a heterogeneous region. To achieve Net Zero 2050 targets, ASEAN policymakers must implement decisive green governance reforms and leverage Public-Private Partnerships to attract sustainable capital and decouple regional energy transitions from global commodity shocks.  
Hybrid Precursor Engineering of g-C₃N₄ for Enhanced α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ Photoanodes in HMF-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Processes Muhammad Ibadurrohman; Regina Ulibasa; Nadia Mumtazah; Nurfadlih Syahlani
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62699

Abstract

The sluggish kinetics of Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is a challenge for the development of efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems for sustainable hydrogen production. In this work, α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ photoanodes were prepared from g-C₃N₄ of different precursors (urea, melamine and/or dicyandiamide) to enhance the charge carrier dynamics and light absorption properties. The hybrid precursor engineered g-C₃N₄ play a key role to tune the structural, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the composite photoanodes. The as prepared composite with g-C₃N₄ prepared from ternary hybrid precursors (urea, melamine and dicyandiamide) showed the best performance among the as prepared samples with lowest onset potential (0.01 V) and highest ΔE (0.88 V) indicating improved energy efficiency. The enhanced photocurrent density was attributed to the improved charge separation which was verified by the photoluminescence analysis indicating the decreased recombination. Furthermore, the addition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a model organic substrate increased the photocurrent density (~95%) with no change in the onset potential, demonstrating the excellent hole scavenging ability of the HMF. Chronopotentiometry measurements confirmed stable operation over long periods of illumination. These results suggest that hybrid precursor engineering in g-C₃N₄ and HMF-assisted PEC systems is a promising strategy to improve the photoelectrochemical performance.
Multiple pathways to a low-carbon future: Examining evidence from the BRICS+ Stephen Asare Abankwah; Samuel Osei Afriyie
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62312

Abstract

This study examines the structural and distributional drivers of energy transition in BRICS+ economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE and Indonesia) over the period 1996-2023. We address the critical gap in understanding how economic and environmental factors differentially influence energy transition across varying levels of transition intensity. To account for cross-sectional dependence and endogeneity, we employ a smoothed common correlated effects instrumental variable quantile regression (CCE-IV QR) model, which robustly handles multiple endogenous regressors and unobserved global shocks. Our findings reveal that the drivers of transition are fundamentally stage dependent. The results reveal significant heterogeneity: CO₂ emissions negatively impact energy transition, particularly at lower quantiles, while GDP exhibits a positive association at median and lower quantiles but becomes insignificant at higher levels. Ecological footprint positively influences transition, whereas political stability and technological adoption yield mixed results, with the latter displaying a weakly significant positive impact. Robustness checks, including alternative specifications and subsample analyses, confirm the stability of these findings. These results necessitate a tiered policy framework. Particularly, early-transition economies should break fossil fuel lock-in through fiscal diversification and subsidy reallocation. Mid-transition economies should focus on reforming incumbent energy monopolies and financing decarbonization in hard-to-abate sectors. Advanced-transition economies need to overcome institutional fragmentation by creating cross-sectoral governance to direct investment toward grid modernization and systemic resilience. The methodological innovation of combining CCE with IV quantile regression further enhances the robustness of the analysis, addressing key econometric challenges in energy transition research.
A multi-objective metaheuristic framework for reactive power market optimization in distributed renewable systems Luis Miguel Sanz Manzanedo; Joaquín Pacheco; Silvia Casado
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62157

Abstract

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid demands specific ancillary services, particularly for reactive power supply and voltage control. This study introduces an optimization framework integrated with a reactive power market under a high penetration of distributed generation (DG). The methodology formulates a multi-objective optimization problem with five technical and economic objective functions, solved using a multi-objective metaheuristic algorithm (MOPSO) and selecting the operating point from the Pareto front through TOPSIS. It also integrates a VCG auction mechanism to allocate the reactive power demanded by the system operator, promoting truthful bidding under the usual VCG assumptions. Validation is performed on a modified IEEE-30 test system with 50 MW DG units at buses 19, 21 and 30 and a stressed load condition at the same buses. The TOPSIS selected operating point under scenario S3 achieves active power losses of 2.382 MW, voltage deviation of 0.194 p.u., and conventional generation cost of 7648 $, while the S3 Pareto front reaches a hypervolume of 0.823. In the reactive power auction based on 20.2 MVAr demand, VCG allocates 100 % of the procurement to renewable units for total payments of 60.71 $. The results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the technical operation of the system while providing an economically viable framework for the integration of reactive power ancillary services into electricity distribution, supporting the transition towards more efficient, stable and sustainable electrical networks.
Bi-directional Modulation of Electron Transfer and Capacitive Behavior in Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells by Hydrochar and Acetate Marcelinus Christwardana; Yayuk Astuti; H. Hadiyanto; Achmad Yanuar Maulana; K. Khoirunnisa; Dilla Dayanti; Keisya Natania Nur A&#039;intan
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62325

Abstract

Marine sediment microbial fuel cells (MS-MFCs) provide a sustainable means of harvesting energy from benthic environments, yet their performance is often constrained by slow electron transfer and unstable power generation. To address these limitations, this study investigates the coupled kinetic and capacitive enhancement of MS-MFCs through co-modification with biomass-derived hydrochar (HC) and acetate as complementary electron-transfer and metabolic modulators. Four sediment compositions (0, 5, 10, and 15% v/v HC) were operated over 30 days under a 1 kΩ external load, with acetate introduced on Day 21. The apparent electron-transfer rate constant (Kₛ) increased from 1.77 s⁻¹ in the unamended control to 3.19 s⁻¹ and 3.49 s⁻¹ in the 10% and 15% HC systems, respectively. Maximum power densities reached 21.8–23.1 mW m⁻², approximately three orders of magnitude higher than the control. Mechanistically, HC provided a conductive and pseudocapacitive scaffold that facilitated microbe–electrode coupling, while acetate served as a readily metabolizable carbon source to accelerate microbial activity. Together, these effects established a synergistic link between kinetic enhancement and capacitive charge buffering, offering new insight into the design of robust, self-sustaining MS-MFCs for in-situ coastal energy recovery.
Molecular simulation of single N and double N/S doping to carbon networks and the effect of doping dispersant Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri; Fitria Rahmawati; Agung Tri Wijayanta; Dedi Rohendi; Dyah Purwaningsih; Shota Sato; Jun Nakamura
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61404

Abstract

This research conducted a molecular simulation of single N and double N/S doping into a carbon network. The simulation aimed to explain the effect of N and N/S doping, which was investigated experimentally by our previous research, and to prove the hypothesis that N and/or S replace a normal C site within the carbon crystal structure. Experimental data agree with the simulation result, as shown by the increasing ID/IG ratio in the Raman spectrum, which indicates defect formation after doping. Meanwhile, the XRD patterns of the doped carbon are similar to those of the undoped carbon. It suggests that the dopants N and/or S diffused and replaced the C atom from its normal site in the carbon crystal structure without forming new N and/or S-based compounds. The result is consistent with different dispersants investigated in this research, i.e., deionized water and ethanol. However, ethanol provided better dispersibility than water, resulting in a modified N/S carbon material with ethanol dispersant, NSCE, with a higher electrical conductivity of 23.74 x 10-1 Scm-1 than the N/S-modified carbon with water dispersion, NSCW, i.e., 5.97 x 10-1 Scm-1. The presence of defects increases the number of sites for charge carriers to migrate within the carbon network, making it a good electrode material for an LFP battery, with an initial charging capacity of 349.94 ± 79.04 mAh/g and an initial discharge capacity of 113.41 ± 12.59 mAh/g. The results reveal N/S-doped carbon as a sustainable candidate for lithium-ion batteries and other advanced energy storage technologies. 
Drying turmeric slices using a photovoltaic ventilation direct solar dryer: Drying characteristics and interactions of heat and mass transfer Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono; Suherman Suherman; Bakti Jos; Muhammad Anas Asy-Syaqiq
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61059

Abstract

This study compares the drying characteristics and the heat and mass transfer phenomena while drying turmeric slices using a photovoltaic ventilation direct solar dryer and open sun drying. Turmeric slices of varying thicknesses—5, 7, and 10 mm—were dried from 83.48% to a final moisture content of 5–6% to ensure safe storage conditions. The drying times required were 1440, 1800, and 2160 min for the direct solar dryer, and 2220, 2520, and 2880 min for open sun drying at 5, 7, and 10 mm thicknesses, respectively. Drying Turmeric slices using the direct solar dryer at thinner thicknesses showed a faster drying rate, with the highest average drying rate observed for the 5 mm slices at 0.287 g/min. Similarly, drying efficiency was higher for thinner slices. The Midilli model provided the best fit for experimental and predicted data in describing the drying kinetics of turmeric slices. The effective moisture diffusivity obtained in this study was 1.65 × 10⁻⁸, 2.66 × 10⁻⁸, and 4.11 × 10⁻⁸ m2/s for the direct solar dryer, and 0.89 × 10⁻⁸, 1.52 × 10⁻⁸, and 2.38 × 10⁻⁸ m2/s for open sun drying at 5, 7, and 10 mm thicknesses, respectively. Higher heat and mass transfer coefficients were observed for drying thinner turmeric slices using the direct solar dryer. The convective heat transfer and evaporative heat transfer coefficients decreased as the moisture content was reduced. In contrast, the mass transfer coefficient increased as the drying time progressed.

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