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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 783 Documents
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Tea (Camellia sinensis) processing residues: Thermochemical characterization of stalks and off-grade leaves for renewable energy Sergio Muñoz-Salazar; Valentina Cruz-Ospina; Eduardo Duque-Dussan
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62765

Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) processing generates significant quantities of solid residues, particularly stalks and off-grade leaves, which remain underutilized despite their potential as renewable energy resources. Valorization of these residues as solid biofuels could support waste reduction, local energy supply, and circular economy strategies in tea-producing regions. This study presents a thermochemical characterization of tea processing residues with emphasis on stalks and off-grade leaves. Representative samples were collected from a commercial tea processing facility in Bandung, Indonesia, and analyzed through proximate analysis to determine moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, and ultimate analysis to quantify carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Higher heating value was determined by bomb calorimetry, and net calorific value was calculated to assess practical energy availability under combustion conditions. Thermal behavior was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to characterize degradation stages and combustion stability. Results showed volatile matter contents above 70%, carbon contents between 45% and 50%, and higher heating values ranging from 16 to 19 MJ·kg⁻¹. Corresponding net calorific values ranged from 15 to 18 MJ·kg⁻¹, comparable to widely used lignocellulosic biomasses such as coffee husk and sugarcane bagasse. Thermogravimetric profiles revealed distinct devolatilization and char oxidation stages. Differences between stalks and off-grade leaves confirmed the relevance of fraction-specific evaluation. These findings demonstrate that tea processing residues represent a viable solid biofuel resource for renewable energy applications in tea-producing regions.
Economic and global warming impact assessment of biomass power generation in Thailand Piyanon Haputta; Anchalika Pradeejit; Shabbir H. Gheewala
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62363

Abstract

To strengthen energy security, Thailand launched the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP2018) in which the biomass energy production goal was set. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic and global warming impacts of power generation from biomass, including rice straw, rice husk, bagasse, and firewood, using input-output analysis. Five increasing biomass energy production scenarios are set corresponding to AEDP2018.The results show that biomass power promotion helps enhance Thailand’s economic growth. The highest growth of all scenarios is found when 3,500 MW of installed fossil-fuel capacity is replaced by biomass-based capacity from rice straw. The replacement leads to 0.058 percent increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 0.050 percent increase in total employment as compared to business-as-usual (BAU). Besides, the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the country is lower than that of the BAU in every scenario, showing that the development of biomass power generation can help reduce climate change impact. As it provides the highest economic benefits and still has large remaining resource potential, rice straw should be prioritized for expanding biomass power generation, while firewood, bagasse, and rice husk should play supporting roles based on their advantages. Not only can the results of this study support Thailand’s transition toward a cleaner energy future, but also the method presented in this study can be a guideline for other developing countries aiming to expand renewable electricity from biomass.
Continuous closed-circuit removal of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes by activated Pomelo peel biochar alginate hydrogel beads Mai Lien Tran
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62466

Abstract

The successful fabrication of composite hydrogel beads was realized through the integration of activated pomelo peel biochar (PBC) into a sodium alginate (NaAlg) polymeric matrix, a process facilitated by Ca2+-induced ionic cross-linking. Morphological evaluations of the resulting material confirmed a highly textured surface, demonstrating that the PBC particles were effectively and uniformly embedded within the alginate framework. In terms of performance, the composite formulation consisting of 3.3% (w/v) PBC and NaAlg exhibited exceptional adsorption affinity for both methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The equilibrium data showed a superior fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, which implies a predominantly homogeneous monolayer adsorption process; under continuous flow conditions at 30°C, the maximum adsorption capacities were recorded at 279.68 mg/g for MB and 179.02 mg/g for MO. Furthermore, kinetic modeling indicated that the adsorption behavior strictly followed a pseudo-second-order mechanism, suggesting that the rate-limiting step is governed by chemisorption rather than physical forces alone. The fundamental removal mechanism is believed to be a synergistic interplay of various physicochemical forces, including pore-filling within the biochar structure, π-π interactions between aromatic rings, and the formation of hydrogen bonds between the dye molecules and the composite surface.
Unlocking run-of-river hydropower potential in semi-arid regions through modular turbines Imane El Kasimi; Moulay Driss Hasnaoui; Driss Khomsi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62467

Abstract

The growing global demand for renewable energy has increased the need to diversify electricity systems toward low-impact sources. In this context, run-of-river hydropower plants are increasingly recognized as promising options, as they can generate electricity with relatively limited environmental and social disruption. However, their potential in arid and semi-arid regions remains underexplored, especially under highly variable hydrological conditions. In this context, this study assesses the technical hydropower potential of the semi-arid Bouregreg watershed in Morocco using a distributed run-of-river scheme. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was used to simulate streamflow and establish power-duration curves throughout the watershed. These curves were then used to estimate the technical potential based on a modular turbine system consisting of an optimal number of identical Crossflow turbines operating in parallel. The calculations incorporated technical and environmental constraints and were complemented by a preliminary cost assessment. The potential was also evaluated under typical, extreme dry, and extreme wet hydrological conditions. The results indicate a total hydropower potential of 34.3 MW under typical conditions, increasing to 89 MW under wet conditions and decreasing to 12.5 MW under dry conditions. Although the cost analysis revealed values slightly higher than reported average small-hydropower costs, some sites remained within reasonable cost ranges, particularly in the Grou subwatershed, where the estimated annual energy production could potentially cover approximately 58% of its population’s annual electricity demand under normal hydrological conditions. These findings highlight the existence of underexploited potential of run-of-river systems in semi-arid basins and provide a preliminary framework for identifying viable hydropower opportunities.
Effect of solution pH and concentration of Dewandaru fruit extract as a natural dye on optical characteristics and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells Dadi Rusdiana; Eka Cahya Prima; Muhammad Nurul Ikhsan; Andhy Setiawan; Endi Suhendi; Arip Nurahman; Semuel Unwakoly; Arramel Arramel
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61666

Abstract

Given growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable solutions, solar energy is a promising alternative. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are a cost-effective photovoltaic technology, and natural dyes as sensitizers have significant potential to improve their efficiency. This study explores the use of a natural dye from the Dewandaru fruit (Eugenia uniflora) in DSSCs by varying pH and concentration. Natural dyes offer an environmentally friendly, sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, which are often expensive and less eco-friendly. In this research, Dewandaru fruit extract was used to sensitize TiO2 photoanodes, and the effects of varying pH (1.00, 1.66, 2.27, and 3.00) and dye concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%) on optical properties and performance were analyzed. UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, cyclic voltammetry, and J-V measurements were used to assess absorbance, energy levels, and efficiency. Optical characterization results showed that changes in pH and concentration can affect the dye’s absorbance and energy band gap. The dye achieved optimal DSSC performance at pH 3.00, yielding a Voc of 0.425 V, Jsc of 0.053 mA/cm², a fill factor of 68.7%, and an efficiency of 0.01548%. The best dye concentration was 10%, achieving a Voc of 0.45 V, a Jsc of 0.105 mA/cm², a fill factor of 69.0%, and an efficiency of 0.0322%. The statistical analysis indicates that pH has a substantial positive effect on DSSC efficiency and band gap energy. Moreover, dye concentration significantly affects DSSC efficiency, light-harvesting efficiency, Jsc, and fill factor, with the most substantial effects on efficiency and Jsc. However, concentration appears to have a smaller effect on dye absorbance, band gap energy, and HOMO/LUMO values. The study indicates that Dewandaru fruit extract has potential as a natural dye for DSSCs, with performance varying with pH and concentration. 
E-government, innovation, and renewable energy transition: A triadic model for pollution reduction in developing economies Md Qamruzzaman; Salah Abosedra; Syed Nazmus Sakib
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62490

Abstract

In developing economies, the pressure to achieve environmental sustainability is growing as digital transformation and energy transition take precedence. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between digital governance, the adoption of technological innovations, and renewable energy, and its impact on the environment is still scarce. This study investigates the direct and interactive effects of e-government, technological innovations, and renewable energy use on pollution reduction in the Next Eleven (N-11) economies from 2003 to 2022. This study proposes a triadic framework for the direct and indirect effects of digital governance on the environment based on two theoretical models: the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Per capita CO₂ emissions were used as a proxy for environmental quality, and the United Nations E-Government Development Index (EGDI) was used as a proxy for e-government. Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators are employed to solve the problems of cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity, endogeneity, and dynamic relationships. The results show that e-government has a significant negative effect on environmental pollution in both the short and the long run. Technological advancements and the use of renewable energy have their own impacts on reducing emissions and enhancing the environmental impact of digital governance. The results of the marginal effects analysis also show that the pollution-decreasing effect of digital governance increases significantly with improvements in innovation and renewable energy use. Human capital development and environmental taxation contribute to improving the environment, whereas dependency on natural resources creates environmental pressure. The findings of this study assist in growing the literature on digital sustainability by offering evidence that three case variables–digital governance, technological innovation, and renewable energy transition – are complementary drivers of environmental performance in developing economies. The results indicate that policies to foster integrated digital governance systems, innovation ecosystems, and renewable energy growth could help accelerate pollution reduction and transition to more sustainable models of development in emerging economies.
Light intensity enhances fatty acid and biomass composition of an acidophilic Euglena sp. isolated from Dieng Peatland, Central Java for biofuel production David Aritonang; Shela Delfia Ramadhana; Renata Adaranyssa Egistha Putri; Angga Puja Asiandu; Tia Erfianti; Kartina Kartina; Brilian Ryan Sadewo; Eko Agus Suyono
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61637

Abstract

Optimizing environmental factors in cultivating microalgae is essential to obtain a high biomass yield for biodiesel and other biomass related products production, which is a green renewable energy source to overcome the scarcity of fossil fuel energy in the future. Biodiesel can be produced using microalgal lipids in the form of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs). One of the promising strains is Euglena sp., an acidophilic microalga that produces various valuable bioproducts, including lipids, as biodiesel feedstocks. Here, we studied light intensity combined with 15% CO2 to enhance the production of FAMEs and other metabolites in a local strain of Euglena sp. under 500 lux, 2,100 lux, 4,500 lux, 6,000 lux, and 8,500 lux. We also evaluated its effect on the growth, biomass, and accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites, such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, FAME, and pigment contents. Based on this study, the maximum saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acids were found in the 8,500 lux (42.345%), 500 lux (59.01%), and 4,500 lux (23.705%), respectively. The highest percentage of FAMEs was C16:1 or methyl palmitoleate (32.46%) found at 500 lux. However, the total FAMEs in 500 lux (13 FAMEs) were lower than those in the other treatments (24 FAMEs). Meanwhile, the highest biomass accumulation, specific growth rate, lipids, carbohydrates, and pigment contents such chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid were found in 6,000 lux. The results indicated that variations in light intensity with 15% CO2 injection resulted in specific differences in growth rate, productivity of primary and secondary metabolites, and fatty acid production in Euglena sp.
Integrated rural energy system planning based on POA and stage division under the background of economic development Xinghua Guo
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62631

Abstract

dispersed demands, insufficient utilization of renewable resources, weak infrastructure, and differences in economic development stages. To address these issues, this study proposes a dynamic planning framework that integrates the macroeconomic development stage classification and improves the multi-objective pelican optimization algorithm. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the target weights and constraint boundaries based on the macroeconomic development stage. The algorithm initializes the population using the Sobol sequence combined with weak Gaussian perturbation and introduces an adaptive dynamic factor embedded with stage information to jointly adjust the search step size. A two-stage stochastic programming model with the objective of minimizing the total annual equivalent cost and maximizing the annual net carbon reduction is constructed. Simulation examples using typical rural areas in northern China show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the comparison algorithms in terms of convergence and distribution of solution sets. The Pareto solution set distribution index is the best at 0.082. The average annual total cost of the optimization scheme is 14.856 million yuan, which is 2.5% to 4.9% lower than the comparison algorithm, and the annual net carbon reduction is 634.2 tons, with a comprehensive energy efficiency of 76.8%. This framework converts the a priori knowledge of macroeconomic stages into adaptive parameters of the algorithm, effectively connecting planning preferences with search strategies, and providing a dynamic decision-making tool that balances economy, low carbon, and reliability for rural areas at different development levels. It has theoretical and application value for the coordinated advancement of rural energy transition and rural revitalization.
Flexible scheduling strategy and optimization algorithm for container resources in power environment Jiao Zhu; Shixu He; Jie Dou; You Chen
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 6 (2026): November 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62635

Abstract

The power business load has significant periodicity and suddenness characteristics, and has high requirements for operational reliability. Traditional container resource static allocation methods and general elastic scheduling strategies are difficult to achieve efficient and energy-saving resource utilization while ensuring service quality. To address the above issues, research and analyze the load patterns and various constraints of typical power business scenarios, construct a mixed integer programming model with the goal of minimizing service response time, resource fragmentation rate, and system energy consumption, and propose a hierarchical elastic scheduling framework. This framework integrates a threshold based passive scaling mechanism and a pre scheduling mechanism based on bidirectional long short-term memory network load prediction. For high proportion new energy power scenarios, the wind and photovoltaic output cycle encoding is embedded into the model, and grid load constraints are introduced to achieve deep coupling between power system energy flow and container computing power flow. In a typical mixed load scenario, comparative experiments were conducted with Kubernetes' default horizontal container auto scaling and classic best fit algorithms. The results showed that the optimized scheduling scheme proposed in this paper reduced the average response time of applications by 31.2%, increased the average resource utilization rate of the cluster from 58.72% to 86.63%, and controlled the service violation rate from 8.55% to below 1.00%; Through the integration of intelligent nodes, the overall energy consumption of the system has decreased by about 22.3%. This article provides effective theoretical methods and engineering practice references for the dynamic management and optimization of cloud native infrastructure resources in the power industry.
Experimental analysis of a novel aerofoil-savonius type vertical axis wind turbine with an aerodynamic augmentation shell Mohamad Hussein Farhat; Ahmad Sedaghat; Nader Ghareeb; Mohamed El Badawy; Mohammad Nazififard; Ali Mostafaeipour
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62935

Abstract

Savonius vertical axis wind turbines (SVAWTs) are attractive for urban and distributed energy applications because of their simple construction, omnidirectional wind acceptance, and self-starting capability, but their performance is limited by relatively low aerodynamic efficiency and high cut-in wind speeds. This study experimentally investigates a modified SVAWT that combines NACA0024 aerofoil sections at the blade extremities with an adjustable half-cylinder aerodynamic augmentation shell. The integrated configuration is evaluated as a proof-of-concept under controlled wind-tunnel conditions using both no-load and electrical-load measurements. The turbine was positioned at the exit of an open wind tunnel and tested over tunnel speeds of 9–18 m/s. The shell-assisted configuration reduced the cut-in tunnel speed from 12 to 9 m/s, increased rotational speed by up to 30%, and improved no-load voltage output by approximately 10–27%. Under resistive loading, the maximum power coefficient increased from 0.0086 to 0.0172 at 15 m/s, while peak electrical power increased by approximately 140% at 12 m/s, 100% at 15 m/s, and 68% at 18 m/s. The shell-assisted configuration also reduced the outlet-to-inlet velocity ratio and broadened the operating range over which higher torque coefficients were maintained. However, the tip-speed ratio remained below unity under all test conditions, and the absolute power coefficients were low because of the small prototype scale, low Reynolds number, absence of endplates, and rotor-generator constraints. The results demonstrate that the combined aerofoil-tip and shell configuration can provide measurable relative performance improvements compared with the same rotor operated without the shell. Further work is required to optimize the shell and aerofoil parameters, validate the flow mechanism directly, and assess performance at higher Reynolds numbers and under realistic urban wind conditions. 

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