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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 775 Documents
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Tea (Camellia sinensis) processing residues: Thermochemical characterization of stalks and off-grade leaves for renewable energy Sergio Muñoz-Salazar; Valentina Cruz-Ospina; Eduardo Duque-Dussan
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62765

Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) processing generates significant quantities of solid residues, particularly stalks and off-grade leaves, which remain underutilized despite their potential as renewable energy resources. Valorization of these residues as solid biofuels could support waste reduction, local energy supply, and circular economy strategies in tea-producing regions. This study presents a thermochemical characterization of tea processing residues with emphasis on stalks and off-grade leaves. Representative samples were collected from a commercial tea processing facility in Bandung, Indonesia, and analyzed through proximate analysis to determine moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, and ultimate analysis to quantify carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Higher heating value was determined by bomb calorimetry, and net calorific value was calculated to assess practical energy availability under combustion conditions. Thermal behavior was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to characterize degradation stages and combustion stability. Results showed volatile matter contents above 70%, carbon contents between 45% and 50%, and higher heating values ranging from 16 to 19 MJ·kg⁻¹. Corresponding net calorific values ranged from 15 to 18 MJ·kg⁻¹, comparable to widely used lignocellulosic biomasses such as coffee husk and sugarcane bagasse. Thermogravimetric profiles revealed distinct devolatilization and char oxidation stages. Differences between stalks and off-grade leaves confirmed the relevance of fraction-specific evaluation. These findings demonstrate that tea processing residues represent a viable solid biofuel resource for renewable energy applications in tea-producing regions.
Economic and global warming impact assessment of biomass power generation in Thailand Piyanon Haputta; Anchalika Pradeejit; Shabbir H. Gheewala
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62363

Abstract

To strengthen energy security, Thailand launched the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP2018) in which the biomass energy production goal was set. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic and global warming impacts of power generation from biomass, including rice straw, rice husk, bagasse, and firewood, using input-output analysis. Five increasing biomass energy production scenarios are set corresponding to AEDP2018.The results show that biomass power promotion helps enhance Thailand’s economic growth. The highest growth of all scenarios is found when 3,500 MW of installed fossil-fuel capacity is replaced by biomass-based capacity from rice straw. The replacement leads to 0.058 percent increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 0.050 percent increase in total employment as compared to business-as-usual (BAU). Besides, the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the country is lower than that of the BAU in every scenario, showing that the development of biomass power generation can help reduce climate change impact. As it provides the highest economic benefits and still has large remaining resource potential, rice straw should be prioritized for expanding biomass power generation, while firewood, bagasse, and rice husk should play supporting roles based on their advantages. Not only can the results of this study support Thailand’s transition toward a cleaner energy future, but also the method presented in this study can be a guideline for other developing countries aiming to expand renewable electricity from biomass.
Continuous Closed-circuit Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes by Activated Pomelo Peel BiocharAlginate Hydrogel Beads Mai Lien Tran
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62466

Abstract

The successful fabrication of composite hydrogel beads was realized through the integration of activated pomelo peel biochar (PBC) into a sodium alginate (NaAlg) polymeric matrix, a process facilitated by Ca2+-induced ionic cross-linking. Morphological evaluations of the resulting material confirmed a highly textured surface, demonstrating that the PBC particles were effectively and uniformly embedded within the alginate framework. In terms of performance, the composite formulation consisting of 3.3% (w/v) PBC and NaAlg exhibited exceptional adsorption affinity for both methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The equilibrium data showed a superior fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, which implies a predominantly homogeneous monolayer adsorption process; under continuous flow conditions at 30°C, the maximum adsorption capacities were recorded at 279.68 mg/g for MB and 179.02 mg/g for MO. Furthermore, kinetic modeling indicated that the adsorption behavior strictly followed a pseudo-second-order mechanism, suggesting that the rate-limiting step is governed by chemisorption rather than physical forces alone. The fundamental removal mechanism is believed to be a synergistic interplay of various physicochemical forces, including pore-filling within the biochar structure, p-p interactions between aromatic rings, and the formation of hydrogen bonds between the dye molecules and the composite surface.
Unlocking run-of-river hydropower potential in semi-arid regions through modular turbines Imane El Kasimi; Moulay Driss Hasnaoui; Driss Khomsi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 5 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62467

Abstract

The growing global demand for renewable energy has increased the need to diversify electricity systems toward low-impact sources. In this context, run-of-river hydropower plants are increasingly recognized as promising options, as they can generate electricity with relatively limited environmental and social disruption. However, their potential in arid and semi-arid regions remains underexplored, especially under highly variable hydrological conditions. In this context, this study assesses the technical hydropower potential of the semi-arid Bouregreg watershed in Morocco using a distributed run-of-river scheme. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was used to simulate streamflow and establish power-duration curves throughout the watershed. These curves were then used to estimate the technical potential based on a modular turbine system consisting of an optimal number of identical Crossflow turbines operating in parallel. The calculations incorporated technical and environmental constraints and were complemented by a preliminary cost assessment. The potential was also evaluated under typical, extreme dry, and extreme wet hydrological conditions. The results indicate a total hydropower potential of 34.3 MW under typical conditions, increasing to 89 MW under wet conditions and decreasing to 12.5 MW under dry conditions. Although the cost analysis revealed values slightly higher than reported average small-hydropower costs, some sites remained within reasonable cost ranges, particularly in the Grou subwatershed, where the estimated annual energy production could potentially cover approximately 58% of its population’s annual electricity demand under normal hydrological conditions. These findings highlight the existence of underexploited potential of run-of-river systems in semi-arid basins and provide a preliminary framework for identifying viable hydropower opportunities.
Effect of Solution pH and Concentration of Dewandaru Fruit Extract as a Natural Dye on Optical Characteristics and Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Dadi Rusdiana; Eka Cahya Prima; Muhammad Nurul Ikhsan; Andhy Setiawan; Endi Suhendi; Arip Nurahman; Semuel Unwakoly; Arramel Arramel
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61666

Abstract

Given growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable solutions, solar energy is a promising alternative. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) represent a cost-effective photovoltaic technology, and natural dyes as sensitizers have significant potential to enhance their efficiency. This study explores the use of natural dye from Dewandaru fruit (Eugenia uniflora) in DSSCs by varying pH levels and concentrations. Natural dyes offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative compared to synthetic dyes, which are often expensive and not eco-friendly. In this research, Dewandaru fruit extract was used to sensitize TiO2 photoanodes, and the effects of varying pH (1.00, 1.66, 2.27, and 3.00) and dye concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%) on optical properties and performance were analyzed. UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, cyclic voltammetry, and J-V measurements assessed absorbance, energy levels, and efficiency. Optical characterization results showed that changes in pH and concentration can affect the dye’s absorbance and energy band gap. The optimal DSSC performance for the dye was found at pH 3.00, yielding a Voc of 0.425 V, Jsc of 0.053 mA/cm², fill factor of 68.7%, and efficiency of 0.1548%. The best dye concentration was 10%, achieving a Voc of 0.45 V, Jsc of 0.105 mA/cm², fill factor of 69.0%, and efficiency of 0.322%. The statistical analysis indicates that pH substantially and positively influences DSSC efficiency and band gap energy. Moreover, dye concentration significantly affects DSSC efficiency, light harvesting efficiency, Jsc, and fill factor, with the most substantial impacts observed on efficiency and Jsc. However, concentration appears to have less effect on dye absorbance, band gap energy, and the HOMO/LUMO values. The study indicates that Dewandaru fruit extract has potential as a natural dye for DSSCs, with varying performance based on pH and concentration.

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