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Abdullah Hanif
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Enigma in Cultural
Published by Enigma Institute
ISSN : 30267277     EISSN : 30267277     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61996/cultural
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Art,
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Focus Enigma in Cultural focused on the development of art and cultural sciences for human well-being. Scope Enigma in Cultural publishes articles which encompass all aspects of art and cultural sciences, especially all type of original articles, review articles, narrative review, meta-analysis, systematic review, mini-reviews and book review.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 31 Documents
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Symbolic Efficacy in the Psychiatric Ward: A Clinical Ethnography of Cetik-Attributed Psychosis and Hospital-Facilitated Ritual Integration in Bali Ni Wayan Saka Rahayu; Ni Made Citra Riesti Wulan; Nyoman Ari Yoga Wirawan; Ida Bagus Ngurah Dwipayana Manuaba
Enigma in Cultural Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Cultural
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/cultural.v4i1.114

Abstract

In Bali, acute psychosis is frequently interpreted through the Niskala or unseen cosmology, specifically attributed to Cetik or magical poisoning and Guna-guna or sorcery. This explanatory model often clashes with biomedical paradigms, leading to poor therapeutic alliance and treatment refusal. This study aims to evaluate the pathoplastic efficacy and symbolic healing mechanisms of an integrative therapeutic approach. We employed a clinical ethnography design within a psychiatric ward in Denpasar, Bali. The subject was a 26-year-old Balinese female with Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder (ICD-10: F23.2), presenting with severe psychomotor agitation (PANSS-EC score of 22). Data were collected via the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), non-participant observation of a hospital-facilitated Penglukatan or purification ritual, and clinical timeline mapping. We utilized a rigorous reflexivity framework to analyze the intersection of the clinical gaze of the psychiatrist and the ritual authority of the Balian or traditional healer. The distress of the patient was culturally coded as "spiritual heat" or Panes resulting from Cetik ingestion. A timeline analysis revealed a significant reduction in psychomotor agitation, with the PANSS-EC score dropping from 22 to 10, occurring 30 minutes post-ritual but prior to the administration of oral Risperidone. This temporal dissociation suggests the immediate behavioral containment was mediated by cultural symbolic efficacy rather than pharmacological dopamine blockade. In conclusion, the Balian functioned as a "cultural broker," transforming the "contaminated" hospital space into a sanctuary. Future research should quantify this effect through randomized controlled trials comparing standard care against integrated ritual care. Policy reform should focus on institutionalizing spiritual visitation protocols akin to chaplaincy services.

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