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Ahmad Akromul Huda
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Protech Biosystems Journal
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram
ISSN : 28094425     EISSN : 28094425     DOI : ttps://doi.org/10.31764
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy Engineering
Protech Biosystems Journal is a peer-refereed open-access journal which has been established for the dissemination of state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of Agricultural Enginering (Agricultural Mechanization, waters and land resources Engineering, Energy, Bioprocess and Postharvest Technology) and related subjects in this field.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 66 Documents
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CHARACTERISTIC TESTING OF EDIBLE FILM FROM CASSAVA PEEL STARCH (Manihot esculenta) BASED ON THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL VARIATION CHARACTERIZATION Azmi, Salmah Tiara; Tanggasari, Devi
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.30018

Abstract

Edible film is a thin layer that functions as a coating for food products, made from natural and consumable materials. One of the materials used in this study is cassava peel starch, which is suspended with glycerol and agar as plasticizers. This study aims to determine the characteristics of Edible film made from cassava peel starch and agar with the addition of different glycerol concentrations. The research was conducted using an experimental method and designed with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with glycerol treatments of 1,5 ml (P1), 2 ml (P2), and 2,5 ml (P3). The results showed that variations in glycerol concentration affected the biodegradation rate but did not significantly influence thickness, solubility, and absorption capacity of the Edible film. The best absorption capacity was observed at 1,5 ml of glycerol, while the best results for thickness, solubility, and biodegradability were found at 2.5 ml of glycerol. The use of 2,5 ml of glycerol is recommended as the optimal treatment in terms of both physical and microbiological properties, with the following characteristics: thickness of 0,19 mm, solubility of 40,8%, film absorption capacity of 29,7%, and film biodegradability of 79,3%, with a degradation rate of 10,9 mg/day.
THE USE OF KAPOK SEED AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS A SOURCE OF NATURAL CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR ALUMINUM 6061 Hidayatullah, Syarif; Huda, Ahmad Akromul; Suteja, Suteja
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.35784

Abstract

Aluminum 6061 is one of the most widely used materials across various industrial sectors due to its good mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and corrosion resistance. However, in acidic environments, aluminum remains susceptible to corrosion, which can reduce its performance and service life. This study utilizes agricultural waste from kapok seeds (Ceiba pentandra) as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for Aluminum 6061. The extract was obtained through maceration using ethanol as the solvent and was applied in corrosion tests of Aluminum 6061 in 1 M HCl solution. The evaluation was conducted using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, along with isothermal adsorption analysis to understand the adsorption mechanism of the inhibitor on the metal surface. The results showed that the kapok seed extract significantly increased polarization resistance and reduced the corrosion rate, achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 78.77% at an optimal concentration of 3000 ppm. The inhibitor adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating strong binding interactions between the inhibitor molecules and the aluminum surface. Therefore, kapok seed extract has great potential as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum-based industries.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TEST OF CHILI PEPPERS (Capsicum Frutescens L) DRIED AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES USING A DEHYDRATOR Jayanti, Tira; Tanggasari, Devi
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.35341

Abstract

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a high-value agricultural commodity rich in vitamin C and antioxidant compounds. However, drying processes may potentially reduce its physical and chemical quality. This study presents novelty by investigating the effect of low-temperature drying using a dehydrator at 45°C, 50°C, and 55°C for 10 hours on changes in the physical and chemical properties of chili pepper, aiming to determine optimal drying conditions to maintain product quality and functional value. The parameters analyzed included weight loss, moisture content, vitamin C content, and beta-carotene content. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor and three replications. The results showed that drying temperature had no significant effect on the physical and chemical characteristics of chili pepper. Drying at 55°C resulted in the highest weight loss (78.70%) and the lowest moisture content (15.9%). The highest vitamin C content was obtained at 45°C (76.58 mg/100  g), while the highest beta-carotene content was also recorded at 45°C (78.69 mg/100  g). Appropriate selection of dehydrator temperature can help maintain quality and extend the shelf life of dried chili pepper.
ANALYSIS OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merr.) IN RESPONSE TO LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND NPK APPLICATION Wirman, Edi; Ermawati, Ermawati; Julian, Anggi Julian
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.37317

Abstract

Soybean is a strategic commodity in the national food system; however, its productivity remains low. The application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and NPK fertilizer is considered an effort to improve soybean productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LOF and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean. The research was conducted on dryland from April to July 2024 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first factor was LOF concentration (0, 25, and 50 mL L⁻¹), and the second factor was NPK rate (0, 150, and 300 kg ha⁻¹). Observed variables included plant height, number of primary branches, number of effective root nodules, number of filled pods, percentage of filled pods, percentage of empty pods, 100-seed weight, dry seed weight per plant, and dry seed weight per plot. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed no significant interaction between LOF and NPK for all observed variables. Application of NPK at 150 kg ha⁻¹ was the optimal rate for increasing plant height, number of effective root nodules, and dry seed weight per plant, whereas LOF derived from Cladophora glomerata had no significant effect. Therefore, application of NPK at 150 kg ha⁻¹ is recommended to improve soybean productivity on dryland, and further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF under various soil conditions with reduced NPK rates.
IMPROVING ANTIBACTERIAL, THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PVA BIOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH TIMOHO FIBER NANOCELLULOSE Suteja, Suteja; Hidayatullah, Syarif; Huda, Ahmad Akromul
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.36289

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has promising potential as gas purification membrane and bioplastic substitute for conventional materials. PVA material was reinforced with nanocellulose timoho fibers (NCT). Ten grams of NCT, 30 mL of distilled water, and 10 grams of PVA were stirred (500 rpm) at <80 oC on a magnetic stirrer until gel formed, then spread on a Petri dish and dried in an oven at 50 °C for 21 hours. The elongation, tensile strength, and elastic modulus test results of PVA-NCT biocomposites showed increases of 21%, 29.97%, and 31.57%, respectively, compared to PVA biocomposites. This was due to the role of NCT as reinforcing agent and the mobility of PVA when tensile test. SEM morphology showed a fine speckled surface due to clumping. The thermal resistance of biocomposite increased due to the good interfacial bonding between NCT and the PVA matrix, thereby reducing the rate of weight loss. Exothermic reactions occurred in both biocomposites. The PVA biocomposite had a melting temperature of 110.34 °C, and PVA-NCT biocomposite 119.83 °C. The antibacterial activity of the PVA biocomposite has a lower inhibitory power compared to the PVA-NCT biocomposite. These biocomposites can be used for membrane materials and environmentally friendly bioplastics. 
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF CHILI PEPPERS (Capsicum frutescens) DURING OVEN DRYING AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Murni, Murni; Tanggasari, Devi
Protech Biosystems Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Protech Biosytem Journal (Desember)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/protech.v5i2.35390

Abstract

Chili Peppers(Capsicum frutescens) is a local chili variety typical of Sumbawa that has a high level of spiciness and nutrient content such as vitamin C and antioxidants. However, the short shelf life is an obstacle in its utilization, so this study aims to determine the effect of temperature variations in drying using an oven on the physical characteristics (weight loss) and chemistry (moisture content, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity) of forest cayenne pepper. The method used was a one-factor Complete Random Design (RAL), namely drying temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C), each with three replicates. The results showed that weight loss increased with temperature increase, highest at 60°C, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Moisture content decreased in all treatments, but the difference between temperatures was not significant (p > 0.05). The vitamin C content is significantly reduced at high temperatures (p < 0.05), with a temperature of 50°C being able to maintain vitamin C best. In contrast, antioxidant activity increased as the temperature increased, and the temperature of 70°C resulted in the highest DPPH inhibition value significantly (p < 0.05). This study concludes that drying temperature affects physical and chemical parameters differently, so the selection of drying temperature should be adjusted to the purpose of processing, whether to maintain vitamin C or increase antioxidant activity.

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