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Hardyanto Soebono
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30323134     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/inajbcs.v56i01.11961
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences (InaJBCS) aims to promote the translational of basic research into clinical studies and of clinical evidence into practice. InaJBCS publishes studies that substantially enhance our standing of disease etiology and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; trials that test the efficacy of specific interventions and those that compare different treatments. InaJBCS invites authors to submit articles in the fields of biomedical sciences including biomedical genetics, bioinformatics, cardiovascular medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, geriatrics, infectious diseases, medical oncology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, and phytomedicine medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 121 Documents
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Modulation of Caspase-3 Expression and Spermatogenic Cells by Urtica dioica Extract in Obesity-Induced Male Rats Kabir Ardiansyah Tangkari; Jurnalis Gempaning Tyas; Harni Sutiani; Zaenudin; Dicky Mochammad Rizal; Jajar Setyawan
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.24429

Abstract

Obesity is associated with impaired steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through mechanisms involving hypogonadism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contribute to apoptotic signaling pathways, including caspase-3 activation, leading to germ cellloss. Urtica dioica contains bioactive compounds with reported antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of U. dioica extract on TNF-α and caspase-3 mRNA expression as well as spermatogenic cell counts of the testes of obese male Sprague Dawley rats. This experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design using 25 rats divided into five groups: healthy control (C1), obese control induced by a high-fat and fructose diet (C2), and three intervention groups receiving U. dioica extract at doses of 125 mg/kg (D1), 250 mg/kg (D2), and 500 mg/kg (D3) for four weeks. The results showed no significant differences in TNF-α mRNA expression were observed between the intervention groups and the obese control. In contrast, caspase-3 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in all U. dioica–treated groups comparedwith the obese control. No significant differences were observed in the number of primary or secondary spermatocytes among groups. However, spermatid counts were significantly higher in D2 and D3 groups compared with the obese control. In conclusion, U. dioica extract demonstrated potential anti-apoptoticeffects and was associated with improved post-meiotic spermatogenic outcomes in obese rats.
Evaluation of the current clinical and bacteriological profile in the tubotympanic type and the atticoantral type chronic suppurative otitis media Anton Budhi Darmawan; Bella Jovita Darmayan; Vitasari Indriani
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.24526

Abstract

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a leading cause of preventable hearing loss in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. It is classified into tubotympanic and atticoantral types, yet local comparative data regarding clinical features and bacteriological profiles remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical manifestations, microbiological patterns, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of both CSOM types in a tertiary hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to August 2022 involving patients aged ≥17 yr with active CSOM. Data were collected through interviews, otoendoscopy, and pure-tone audiometry. Ear swabs were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Ear-based analysis was applied for clinical and audiological variables (73 ears from 66 patients), and isolate-based analysis for microbiology. Exploratory comparisons between CSOM types were performed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Among 73 ears, 50 (68.5%) were tubotympanic and 23 (31.5%) atticoantral. Hearing loss was present in 98.6% of ears, most commonly mixed (47.9%) and conductive (42.5%), with predominantly moderate to severe degrees. Facial nerve palsy occurred in one atticoantral case (1.4%). No significant differences in clinical or audiological profiles were observed between types (p > 0.05). Of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from 69 culture-positive samples, Gram-negative organisms predominated (81.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent pathogen (57.9%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (13.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest susceptibility to amikacin, meropenem, and piperacillin–tazobactam, with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Gram-positive bacteria were most susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline, tetracycline, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. In conclusion, tubotympanic CSOM remains the predominant subtype, with P. aeruginosa as the principal pathogen. Moderate-to-severe hearing loss is common in both disease types. Clinical symptoms alone cannot differentiate CSOM subtypes, underscoring the importance of otoscopic or otoendoscopic examination and culture-guided therapy to optimize management and minimize antimicrobial resistance.
Non-contact electro capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) modulate the mRNA expression of p53, Apaf-1, survivin, NF-κB, TSP-1 and bFGF in DMBA-induced breast cancer rat Nurul Hidayah; Agung Putra; Firman Alamsyah; Rarastoeti Pratiwi
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.24954

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women in the world. Cancer development is facilitated by the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis. Current cancer therapy still encounters problems in the form of recurrence, resistance, and side effects of drugs. Non-contact static electric field therapy, electro capacity cancer therapy (ECCT) with medium frequency, is a therapy developed to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. This study aimed to determine the mRNA expression of p53, Apaf-1, survivin related to apoptosis and NF-κB, bFGF and TSP-1 related to angiogenesis in rat breast tumor tissue after ECCT frequency of 150 kHz. Breast tissue samples and rat breast tumor nodules stored in RNA later at -20°C were used. The tissue was obtained from the non-induction non-therapy (NINT) group, induction non-therapy (INT), non-induction therapy (NIT), and induction therapy (IT). mRNA expression of p53, Apaf-1, NF-κB, bFGF and TSP-1 were analyzed using qRT-PCR and calculated with the Livak formula. Data were analyzed using one-way Anova and post-hoc LSD. The results showed that, mRNA expression of p53, Apaf-1 and TSP-1 in the IT group increased significantly, and mRNA expression of survivin and bFGF decreased significantly compared to the INT group. However, the expression of NF-κB mRNA in the IT group remained the same as in the INT group. In conclusion, ECCT with a frequency of 150 kHz upregulates p53, Apaf-1 and TSP-1 mRNA expression and downregulates survivin and bFGF mRNA expression but have no effect on NF-κB mRNA expression in rat breast tumor tissue.
Exploring biomolecular analysis of angiopoietin-like 4 upregulation through lifestyle for atheroprotection and plaque stabilization Bima Diokta Alparisi; Samira Amanda; Nindy Putri Amalia; Hery Diansyah Putra; Haryadi; Muhammad Ihsan
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.25222

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolic imbalance, and immune activation, ultimately leading to plaque formation and instability. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) has emerged as a key regulator linking lipid metabolism, endothelial function, and inflammatory responses. However, its mechanistic role in atherosclerosis and its modulation by lifestyle factors remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes 13 original studies comprising preclinical studies, human observational studies, and non-randomized interventions. The analysis focused on the biomolecular role of ANGPTL4 across different stages of atherosclerosis and its regulation by lifestyle factors such as fasting and physical activity. Experimental studies demonstrated that ANGPTL4 exerts a protective role against atherosclerosis by preserving endothelial integrity through Krüppel-like factor–dependent signaling and suppression of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ANGPTL4 also regulates lipid metabolism and constrains macrophage inflammatory activation, thereby limiting plaque progression and instability. In human studies, ANGPTL4 loss-of-function variants were associated with favorable lipid profiles and reduced cardiometabolic risk, whereas elevated circulating levels of ANGPTL family members correlated with atherosclerosis severity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle-related exposures, including fasting and physical activity, consistently induced ANGPTL4 expression across metabolic tissues. These findings indicate that ANGPTL4 serves as a molecular interface between lipid metabolism, vascular homeostasis, inflammation, and lifestyle-induced metabolic adaptation. The tissue-specific and context-dependent regulation of ANGPTL4 highlights the complexity of its role in atherosclerosis and suggests that therapeutic modulation requires careful consideration of systemic versus local vascular effects. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 is a pivotal mediator in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and metabolic responses to lifestyle factors. Integrating lifestyle-based interventions with therapeutic strategies targeting ANGPTL4 may offer a comprehensive approach for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Hand-foot-mouth disease in the elderly: A case report Rizky R. Wijayanti; Amelia Pungky; Cut A.W. Sawitri; Agnes S. Siswati; Flandiana Yogianti; Nabila Arkania
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.25522

Abstract

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), commonly caused by Coxsackievirus A16, is a contagious illness characterized by fever and vesicles on the hands, feet, and oral cavities. While well-documented in children, it is exceptionally rare in older adults. The case of a 65-year-old. illustrates this. woman who presented at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, with red spots on her hands and feet. Examination revealed multiple erythematous plaques on her palms, forearms, and lower legs, alongside target-like plaques with pseudo-vesiculation and a solitary oral ulcer. This case underscores the unusual presentation of HFMD in the elderly, highlighting that the disease, though predominantly pediatric, can occur in the elderly. The atypical clinical findings highlight the urgent need for accurate and timely recognition to ensure appropriate management. This report contributes to the growing evidence on HFMD’s clinical spectrum in adults and signals the necessity for further research and case documentation to improve understanding and early diagnosis in the elderly population.
Bibliometric analysis of publication in human anatomy over the past ten years in Indonesia and Southeast Asia Reza Yorghi Junianto Kartika Seputro; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari; Nur Arfian; Junaedy Yunus
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i1.27845

Abstract

Human anatomy is a fundamental basic science underpinning medical education and biomedical research. Despite a growing volume of anatomical publications, systematic evaluations of research output and thematic development among anatomy departments in Indonesia and Southeast Asian countries remain limited. With comparative insights from Southeast Asian nations, this study sought to describe the publication trends, collaboration patterns, and topic progression of anatomical research written by scholars connected to Indonesian Departments of Anatomy over the last ten years. Publications indexed in PubMed from 2016 to 2025 were used in a bibliometric study. To find literature about anatomy from Indonesia and Southeast Asia, affiliation-based search techniques were used. VOSviewer was used to map authorship collaboration, institutional contributions, and research themes based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) through network visualization and keyword co-occurrence studies. There were 4,067 publications from Southeast Asia and 737 publications from Indonesia. Despite making up a lesser share of regional output, Indonesia had the fastest rate of growth in publications over the research period. Productivity was concentrated among a small number of writers and institutions, according to co-authorship analysis. Keyword mapping revealed a preponderance of animal model-based experimental and preclinical research with a focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms. Cell differentiation, biomarkers, and mesenchymal stem cells were among the emerging areas associated with translational research. Anatomical research in Indonesia has expanded rapidly and is progressively integrating molecular and translational perspectives. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for strengthening research capacity, fostering collaboration, and guiding strategic development within anatomical sciences.
Maculopapular drug eruption with histopathological features of psoriasiform drug eruption in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris: a case report Djuanda, Kevin Jonathan; Nyoman Suryawati; I. G. A. A. Elis Indira; Herman Saputra
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i4.23282

Abstract

Maculopapular drug eruption in patient with psoriasis are rarely reported and require close monitoring during oral corticosteroid therapy due to the potential risk of flare following dose reduction or discontinuation. A 47-yo male with a history of psoriasis vulgaris on cyclosporine therapy developed erythematous patches with scaling following the administration of amoxicillin, mefenamic acid, and antitetanus injection after a nail puncture injury. Vital signs were within normal limits. Dermatological examination revealed multiple well-demarcated erythematous macules, patches, and papules with geographic patterns measuring 0.6×0.9 cm to 2.5×4 cm, some confluent, accompanied by white scales and desquamation. Histopathological findings were consistent with psoriasiform drug eruption. The Naranjo score for amoxicillin was 4, showed a possible correlation. A diagnosis of maculopapular drug eruption suspected to be induced by amoxicillin was established. Clinical improvement observed following the administration of oral corticosteroids, cyclosporine, antihistamines, and emollients. The diagnosis of maculopapular drug eruption requires correlation of rash onset and drug initiation as well as monitoring of symptom resolution after drug discontinuation the suspected drug. Histopathological examination may support the diagnosis, with the presence of eosinophils serving as an indicator of drug-induced etiology. Management of maculopapular drug eruption in patients with psoriasis includes withdrawal of the suspected causative agent, symptomatic therapy, systemic corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive treatment as indicated.
Trained immunity in tuberculosis infection: a systematic review Salma Rasiani; Beti Ernawati Dewi; Febriana Catur Iswanti
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i2.26150

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a major contributor to death resulting from pathogenic bacteria; specifically, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) spreads through droplets from individuals with active TB. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems collaborate to control the infection, with innate immunity potentially playing a role in eliminating Mtb. Vaccination, early diagnosis, and treatment can reduce the severity of the infection, but new strategies are still needed to address TB. Research suggests that trained immunity may assist in combating pathogens, including Mtb, and could open new opportunities for treatment. A systematic review was conducted following the eight-step Cochrane methodology and adhering to PRISMA guidelines. An initial automated search identified 157 articles published between 2020 and 2025. Following duplicate removal and evaluation of titles and abstracts, 92 articles remained. After further screening, 52 articles were excluded, and 40 articles were identified for in-depth review. As a result, 8 publications satisfied all eligibility standards and were incorporated into the systematic review. Vaccines (e.g., BCG and TB-MAPS) and adjuvants (e.g., β-glucan) exploit trained immunity to enhance protection. BCG reprograms hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via chromatin remodeling, inducing long-term functional alterations in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages through epigenetic modifications (e.g., H3K4me3). TB-MAPS generated strong, long-lasting T cell and antibody responses and protected against Mtb infection in both lungs and spleen, matching BCG efficacy. When combined with BCG, it showed synergistic effects, further lowering lung bacterial load. Protection relied partly on IL-12p40 signaling, with IFN-γ and IL-17A pathways driving systemic and lung immunity. β-glucan operates via IL-1 signaling, epigenetically upregulating IL-1 family genes and enhancing proinflammatory responses via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These interventions boost myelopoiesis and strengthen both innate and adaptive immune memory, providing stronger protection against TB and opening avenues for new therapeutic approaches.
Response of narrowband ultraviolet-B phototherapy in pityriasis lichenoides-like mycosis fungoides: a case report Silvia Rakhmadani; Kirantri Larasati; Flandiana Yogianti; Arief Budiyanto; Ardisa Pramudita; Paranita Ferronika
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i2.27461

Abstract

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that often mimics other dermatological conditions, particularly in early stages. One rare subtype is pityriasis lichenoides-like mycosis fungoides (PL-like MF), which clinically resembles pityriasis lichenoides but demonstrates the histopathological features of MF, sometimes with overlapping characteristics. The management of MF varies according to disease stage, with skin-directed therapies, including narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy, frequently used in early stages. A case is reported of a 28-year-old woman who presented with papules and erythematous patches on the trunk, arms, and legs that had worsened over two years. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy confirmed PL-like MF. Initial treatment with topical corticosteroids for two months resulted in suboptimal improvement. The patient subsequently underwent 37 sessions of NB-UVB phototherapy with a cumulative dose of 58,764 mJ/cm². Pityriasis lichenoides-like MF is a rare variant of MF that poses diagnostic challenges. The management of MF is tailored to the disease stages. In early stages, skin-directed therapies (SDTs) are preferred, whereas in advanced or refractory MF, systemic therapy combined with SDTs is required. Narrowband UVB phototherapy is considered a safe and effective therapeutic option for early-stage MF, with mechanisms involving immunomodulation and induction of apoptosis in atypical lymphocytes. In this case, the patient demonstrated 87% clinical improvement following NB-UVB therapy, consistent with reports. Long-term follow-up is necessary to assess sustained remission and potential relapse.
Rapid improvement of guttate psoriasis following inadequate response to prior systemic therapy using 311 nm narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy Rizka Fauziyah; Hardyanto Soebono; Arief Budiyanto
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 58 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v58i2.27922

Abstract

Guttate psoriasis (GP) is a variant of psoriasis commonly affecting children and young adults, often triggered by infection. Although most cases respond to topical therapy, some patients show inadequate response to prior treatment. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is considered a safe and effective therapeutic option in such cases. A 12-year-old boy presented with multiple erythematous papules with fine scales distributed over the trunk and extremities. Laboratory findings revealed elevated antistreptolysin-O titers. Based on the clinical and histopathology features, the patient was diagnosed with GP. The patient had previously received low-dose methotrexate therapy (2.5 mg/week) for approximately six months with inadequate clinical response. NB-UVB phototherapy was initiated three times weekly with gradual dose escalation. Marked clinical improvement was observed after 18 sessions, achieving PASI90. NB-UVB phototherapy exerts therapeutic effects through immunomodulation and reduction of keratinocyte proliferation. The rapid response observed in this case may be related to lesion characteristics and the appropriate selection of therapy following subtherapeutic methotrexate dosing. Based on this case, it can be concluded that NB-UVB phototherapy may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for GP with inadequate response to prior therapy, particularly in pediatric patients.

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