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Amerta
Published by BRIN Publishing
ISSN : 02151324     EISSN : 25498908     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/amt
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Starting at Volume 40 Number 2 December 2022, AMERTA’s objective is to promote the wide dissemination of the results of systematic scholarly inquiries into the broad field of archaeological research in proto-history and history chronology themes in the Indonesian Archipelago. The primary, but not exclusive, audiences are researchers, academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in archaeological research. AMERTA accepts original articles on historical archaeology-related subjects and any research methodology that meets the standards established for publication in the journal. Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in historical archaeology, including, but not limited to: 1. Field of archaeological findings in Indonesia’s Proto History, Hindu-Buddhist, Islam, and Colonial periods; 2. New theoretical and methodological analyses; 3. Synthetic overviews of topics in the field of historical archaeology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)" : 12 Documents clear
Cover Amerta Volume 30, Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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PRASEJARAH AUSTRONESIA DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR: SEBUAH PANDANGAN AWAL Truman Simanjuntak; M. Ruly Fauzi; J.C. Galipaud; Redaksi AmertaFadhila A. Azis; Hallie Buckley
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Abstrak. Tulisan ini menguraikan gambaran awal tentang kehidupan Penutur Austronesia dankarakter budaya neolitiknya di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur, berdasarkan penemuan-penemuan data baru yang dilengkapi dengan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Setidaknya di sekitar 3.000 – 2.000 BP berbagai pulau di wilayah ini sudah dihuni Penutur Austronesia. Mereka menghuni wilayah pantai dengan mata pencarian berburu dan meramu dengan penekanan pada pemanfaatan biota laut; mempraktekkan penguburan tempayan dan tanpa wadah; menggunakan peralatan beliung persegi dan peralatan litik lainnya; membuat alat-alat perhiasan (dari cangkang kerang, koral, dan biji-bijian); dan membuat kain dari kulit kayu. Kemiripan bentuk, pola serta variasi tinggalan arkeologis dari situs-situs neolitik di wilayah ini memperlihatkan komunitas antar-pulau telah terlibat kontak dan interaksi yang intensif di kala itu.Kata kunci: Austronesia, Neolitik, Nusa Tenggara Timur, karakter budaya, interaksi Abstract. Prehistoric Austronesian in East Nusa Tenggara Timur: a preliminary view. This articlediscusses a preliminary insight on the presence of the Austronesian Speakers and its neolithic culturein East Nusa Tenggara, based on our new discoveries completed with results from previous studies. At least around 3,000 – 2,000 BP most of islands in this region have been inhabited by Austronesianspeaking people. They inhabited coastal areas; practicing hunting and gathering with an emphasis on the exploitation of marine resources; practicing burial with and without jar; using polished stone adzes and other lithic tools; manufacturing body ornaments made from shells, coral, and seeds; and making cloth from barks. The similarity observed among the shapes, patterns and variations on archaeological remains from neolithic sites in this area reveal an intensive inter-island contacts and interactions between coastal communities during that period. Keywords: Austronesia, Neolitik, East Nusa Tenggara, cultural character, interaction
THE IMPACT OF COASTAL LINE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAMBI AREA DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE - RECENT TIME ON DECLINE OF THE SRIVIJAYA KINGDOM PROSPERITY Yahdi Zaim; Aswan
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Abstrak. Pengaruh Perkembangan Garis Pantai Kawasan Jambi Selama Kala Plestosen AkhirHingga Kini Terhadap Menurunnya Kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Analisis terhadap garis pantai purba di Jawa menunjukkan kesamaan perkembangan dengan di Sumatra. Setidaknya dapat direkonstruksi lima garis pantai purba akibat kenaikan muka laut secara berkala selama fluktuasi muka laut pada kala Plestosen Akhir hingga kini. Sejumlah penelitian lapangan di Jawa dan Sumatra, yang didukung oleh analisis laboratorium, juga menunjukkan evolusi garis pantai tersebut bergeser ke arah laut masa kini, yang memperlihatkan terjadinya penurunan muka laut secara drastis di seluruh dunia pada saat yang bersamaan. Berkenaan dengan kegiatan perdagangan di Kerajaan Sriwijaya di kawasan Jambi, yang diperkirakan berlokasi di sejumlah pelabuhan sungai maupun laut sekitar muara Sungai Batanghari purba dan pesisir purba Jambi, evolusi garis pantai purba tersebut mengakibatkan efek pendangkalan di kawasan hulu sungai. Proses pendangkalan, yang disebabkan oleh deposisi sedimen dan penurunan muka laut, akan membatasi aktivitas pelayaran yang merupakan bagian dari perdagangan, sehingga harus dibangun pelabuhan-pelabuhan baru yang lokasinya digeser ke arah timurlaut. Dengan demikian terbentuk garis pantai baru, sedangkan garis pantai yang lama menjadi daratan. Pemindahan pusat kegiatan perdagangan pada periode Sriwijaya ke timurlaut Jambi (wilayah di luar kota Jambi) mengakibatkan menurunnya atau bahkan matinya kegiatan ekonomi di wilayah pedalaman baru Sriwijaya. Penelitian geologi di wilayah itu mengungkapkan bahwa penurunan muka laut secara drastis, penurunan muka tanah (denudasi), serta aktivitas tektonik dan sedimentasi boleh jadi merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinya inflasi dan penurunan kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya hingga titik terendah. Kata Kunci: garis pantai purba, Sungai Batanghari, Jambi, Kerajaan Sriwijaya Abstract. Paleocoastal line analysis around Jawa indicates similar development to Sumatra, at leastthere are five paleocoastal lines that could be reconstructed due to periodically sea level raisedperiods along Late Pleistocene - Recent sea level fluctuations. Field studies both in Jawa andSumatra which supported by laboratory analysis also show that coastal line evolution was shiftedto the present seaward, which reveals the dropped sea level globally at the same time. In terms ofSrivijaya Kingdom’s trading activity in Jambi area that predicted as river ports around the mouthof paleo-Batanghari River and as beach ports surrounding paleocoastal of Jambi, the paleocoastal lines evolution as mentioned above would gave a shallow effect in the upper reaches of the river. This shallowing up process due to the sedimentary deposition and dropped sea level would restrict the shipping activity for trading process. It means a new port, both beach and river ones as central trading places have to be built and shifted also to the north-eastern part where a new coastal line formed and previous coastal lines became terrestrial. Movement of central trading activity in Srivijaya period to the northeast-outer area of Jambi will decrease or even put an end to economic activity in the new hinterland part of Srivijaya. Field geological investigation in Jambi area revealed that dropped sea level, denudation, tectonic and sedimentation were most probably responsible to the inflation and declining of Srivijaya Kingdom until its last prosperity. Keywords: paleocoastal line, Batanghari river, Jambi, Srivijaya Kingdom
JENIS TUMBUHAN DALAM TEMPAYAN KUBUR DI SITUS LOLO GEDANG, KERINCI Vita
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Abstrak. Dari hasil analisis palinologi terhadap sampel tanah yang berasal dari dalam tempayankubur dari Situs Lolo Gedang maupun dalam buli-buli (tempayan berukuran kecil) telah didapatkanbeberapa jenis fosil benang sari dari tumbuhan antara lain dari jenis Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae, Fagaceae, Polypodiaceae, Haloragaceae, Malvaceae, Salicaceae, dan Convolvulaceae. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut mungkin telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di masa lampau. Dengan ditemukannya jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut maka mempunyai kemungkinan jenis-jenis tersebut telah dimanfaatkan. Kata kunci: Situs Lolo Gedang, tempayan, fosil polen Abstract. Types of Plants Found Inside the Burial Jars at Lolo Gedang Site, Kerinci. From Theanalysis of soil samples palinology of jars and small jar from Lolo Gedang has obtained some type offossil pollen from plants, among others, of the type of Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae,Fagaceae, Polypodiaceae, Haloragaceae, Malvaceae, Salicaceae, and Convolvulaceae. With the discovery of new species of plants then it is likely this species has been used by communities in thepast.Keywords: Lolo Gedang Site, jar, fossil of pollen
KṚTANGARADUHITA: PERANAN DAN KEDUDUKAN MEREKA DI KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT Titi Surti Nastiti
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Kṛtanagaraduhita: Role and Their Status in Majapahit Kingdom. According to primarytextual data such as inscriptions and Nāgarakṛtāgama text. There were mentions that Raden Wijaya the founder of Majapahit kingdom had four wives. The four wives were daughters of Kṛtanagara (Kṛtanagaraduhita). Kṛtanagara (Kṛtanagaraduhita) died from Jayakatatyĕng or Jayakatwang attack. In this paper we will discuss pertaining the role of Raden Wijaya wives in Majapahit Kingdom. We will also discuss why did the youngest daughter of Kṛtanagara, Gayatrī or Rajapatnī had a more important role and stature in the Majapahit Kingdom than the eldest daughter Tribhuwaneśwarī.
AGAMA DAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA PADA MASA MAJAPAHIT Hariani Santiko
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
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Abstrak. Pada zaman Majapahit, pendidikan agama memegang peranan penting. Pendidikan dapat dilakukan secara perorangan, bisa pula mengikuti pendidikan di sebuah pusat pendidikan agama yang disebut “Mandala atau Kadewaguruan”. Letak Kadewaguruan jauh dari permukiman/kota, terletak di tempat yang sunyi di hutan-hutan, di puncak bukit, di lereng gunung, di tepi pantai dan sebagainya. Kadewaguruan dipimpin oleh seorang mahāresi yang disebut pula śiddharesi, dewaguru, oleh karena itu pusat pendidikan ini disebut Kadewaguruan. Dalam kesehariannya dewaguru dibantu oleh para murid senior yang disebut para ubwan, pendeta-pendeta wanita, dan manguyu, pendeta laki-laki. Para murid yang masih pemula disebut kaki, tapaswi (laki-laki) dan, endang atau tapi, kili (perempuan). Pengetahuan diajarkan secara bertahap, pada tahap awal (ajaran pendukung) diajarkan “tata upacara” (dīksā-widhi-widhāna), kemudian tahap berikutnya berupa ajaran inti tentang konsep Realitas Tertinggi dan usaha melebur diri (kalěpasan, moksa) dengan Bhattara tersebut. Ringkasan ajaran dewaguru terdapat dalam kitab-kitab keagamaan yang disebut Tutur.Kata kunci: tattwa Śiwa, dīksā-widhi-widhāna, catur wiphala, kalěpasan, moksa Abstract. Religion and Religious Teaching During the Majapahit Period. During the Majapahitperiod religious teaching played an important role. The teaching could be done individually or in acentre for religious teaching called “Mandala” or “Kadewaguruan”. A Kadewaguruan was usuallylocated far from habitation places (cities), such as quiet forest, on top of a hill, mountain slope, or bythe sea shore. A Kadewaguruan is led by a mahāresi (high priest), who is also known as śiddharesi or dewaguru; hence the education centre is called Kadewaguruan. In his daily activities, a dewaguru was assisted by his senior disciples named ubwan, female priests, and manguyu or male priests. New disciples were called kaki, tapaswi (male ones) and endang or tapi, kili (female ones). The teachings were taught in phases. During the first phase (supportive teachings), ceremony procedures (dīksāwidhi-widhāna) were taught, and in the next phases were taught hings about the concept of the Utmost Reality and the attempt to unite oneself (kalěpasan, moksa) with Bhattara (god). The summary of the dewaguru teachings can be found in religious manuscripts namedTutur.Keywords: tattwa Śiwa, dīksā-widhi-widhāna, catur wiphala, kalěpasan, moksa
Cover Amerta Volume 30, Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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PRASEJARAH AUSTRONESIA DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR: SEBUAH PANDANGAN AWAL Simanjuntak, Truman; Fauzi, M. Ruly; J.C. Galipaud; Azis, Redaksi AmertaFadhila A.; Buckley, Hallie
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Abstrak. Tulisan ini menguraikan gambaran awal tentang kehidupan Penutur Austronesia dankarakter budaya neolitiknya di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur, berdasarkan penemuan-penemuan data baru yang dilengkapi dengan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Setidaknya di sekitar 3.000 – 2.000 BP berbagai pulau di wilayah ini sudah dihuni Penutur Austronesia. Mereka menghuni wilayah pantai dengan mata pencarian berburu dan meramu dengan penekanan pada pemanfaatan biota laut; mempraktekkan penguburan tempayan dan tanpa wadah; menggunakan peralatan beliung persegi dan peralatan litik lainnya; membuat alat-alat perhiasan (dari cangkang kerang, koral, dan biji-bijian); dan membuat kain dari kulit kayu. Kemiripan bentuk, pola serta variasi tinggalan arkeologis dari situs-situs neolitik di wilayah ini memperlihatkan komunitas antar-pulau telah terlibat kontak dan interaksi yang intensif di kala itu.Kata kunci: Austronesia, Neolitik, Nusa Tenggara Timur, karakter budaya, interaksi Abstract. Prehistoric Austronesian in East Nusa Tenggara Timur: a preliminary view. This articlediscusses a preliminary insight on the presence of the Austronesian Speakers and its neolithic culturein East Nusa Tenggara, based on our new discoveries completed with results from previous studies. At least around 3,000 – 2,000 BP most of islands in this region have been inhabited by Austronesianspeaking people. They inhabited coastal areas; practicing hunting and gathering with an emphasis on the exploitation of marine resources; practicing burial with and without jar; using polished stone adzes and other lithic tools; manufacturing body ornaments made from shells, coral, and seeds; and making cloth from barks. The similarity observed among the shapes, patterns and variations on archaeological remains from neolithic sites in this area reveal an intensive inter-island contacts and interactions between coastal communities during that period. Keywords: Austronesia, Neolitik, East Nusa Tenggara, cultural character, interaction
THE IMPACT OF COASTAL LINE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAMBI AREA DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE - RECENT TIME ON DECLINE OF THE SRIVIJAYA KINGDOM PROSPERITY Zaim, Yahdi; Aswan
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Abstrak. Pengaruh Perkembangan Garis Pantai Kawasan Jambi Selama Kala Plestosen AkhirHingga Kini Terhadap Menurunnya Kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Analisis terhadap garis pantai purba di Jawa menunjukkan kesamaan perkembangan dengan di Sumatra. Setidaknya dapat direkonstruksi lima garis pantai purba akibat kenaikan muka laut secara berkala selama fluktuasi muka laut pada kala Plestosen Akhir hingga kini. Sejumlah penelitian lapangan di Jawa dan Sumatra, yang didukung oleh analisis laboratorium, juga menunjukkan evolusi garis pantai tersebut bergeser ke arah laut masa kini, yang memperlihatkan terjadinya penurunan muka laut secara drastis di seluruh dunia pada saat yang bersamaan. Berkenaan dengan kegiatan perdagangan di Kerajaan Sriwijaya di kawasan Jambi, yang diperkirakan berlokasi di sejumlah pelabuhan sungai maupun laut sekitar muara Sungai Batanghari purba dan pesisir purba Jambi, evolusi garis pantai purba tersebut mengakibatkan efek pendangkalan di kawasan hulu sungai. Proses pendangkalan, yang disebabkan oleh deposisi sedimen dan penurunan muka laut, akan membatasi aktivitas pelayaran yang merupakan bagian dari perdagangan, sehingga harus dibangun pelabuhan-pelabuhan baru yang lokasinya digeser ke arah timurlaut. Dengan demikian terbentuk garis pantai baru, sedangkan garis pantai yang lama menjadi daratan. Pemindahan pusat kegiatan perdagangan pada periode Sriwijaya ke timurlaut Jambi (wilayah di luar kota Jambi) mengakibatkan menurunnya atau bahkan matinya kegiatan ekonomi di wilayah pedalaman baru Sriwijaya. Penelitian geologi di wilayah itu mengungkapkan bahwa penurunan muka laut secara drastis, penurunan muka tanah (denudasi), serta aktivitas tektonik dan sedimentasi boleh jadi merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinya inflasi dan penurunan kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya hingga titik terendah. Kata Kunci: garis pantai purba, Sungai Batanghari, Jambi, Kerajaan Sriwijaya Abstract. Paleocoastal line analysis around Jawa indicates similar development to Sumatra, at leastthere are five paleocoastal lines that could be reconstructed due to periodically sea level raisedperiods along Late Pleistocene - Recent sea level fluctuations. Field studies both in Jawa andSumatra which supported by laboratory analysis also show that coastal line evolution was shiftedto the present seaward, which reveals the dropped sea level globally at the same time. In terms ofSrivijaya Kingdom’s trading activity in Jambi area that predicted as river ports around the mouthof paleo-Batanghari River and as beach ports surrounding paleocoastal of Jambi, the paleocoastal lines evolution as mentioned above would gave a shallow effect in the upper reaches of the river. This shallowing up process due to the sedimentary deposition and dropped sea level would restrict the shipping activity for trading process. It means a new port, both beach and river ones as central trading places have to be built and shifted also to the north-eastern part where a new coastal line formed and previous coastal lines became terrestrial. Movement of central trading activity in Srivijaya period to the northeast-outer area of Jambi will decrease or even put an end to economic activity in the new hinterland part of Srivijaya. Field geological investigation in Jambi area revealed that dropped sea level, denudation, tectonic and sedimentation were most probably responsible to the inflation and declining of Srivijaya Kingdom until its last prosperity. Keywords: paleocoastal line, Batanghari river, Jambi, Srivijaya Kingdom
JENIS TUMBUHAN DALAM TEMPAYAN KUBUR DI SITUS LOLO GEDANG, KERINCI Vita
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak. Dari hasil analisis palinologi terhadap sampel tanah yang berasal dari dalam tempayankubur dari Situs Lolo Gedang maupun dalam buli-buli (tempayan berukuran kecil) telah didapatkanbeberapa jenis fosil benang sari dari tumbuhan antara lain dari jenis Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae, Fagaceae, Polypodiaceae, Haloragaceae, Malvaceae, Salicaceae, dan Convolvulaceae. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut mungkin telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di masa lampau. Dengan ditemukannya jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut maka mempunyai kemungkinan jenis-jenis tersebut telah dimanfaatkan. Kata kunci: Situs Lolo Gedang, tempayan, fosil polen Abstract. Types of Plants Found Inside the Burial Jars at Lolo Gedang Site, Kerinci. From Theanalysis of soil samples palinology of jars and small jar from Lolo Gedang has obtained some type offossil pollen from plants, among others, of the type of Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae,Fagaceae, Polypodiaceae, Haloragaceae, Malvaceae, Salicaceae, and Convolvulaceae. With the discovery of new species of plants then it is likely this species has been used by communities in thepast.Keywords: Lolo Gedang Site, jar, fossil of pollen

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