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Bachtiar Effendi
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PRESSURE ON THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL CAKING COAL FOR COKE BINDER NINING S. NINGRUM; Miftahul Huda; HERMANU PRIJONO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 2 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 2 June 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No2.2011.495

Abstract

Binder of carbon compounds can be made through hydrogenation process and/or coal extraction. Hydroge- nation of coal converts the steam coal into caking one which functions as a binder or additive in the making of coke while the extraction of coal produces good quality pitch. Some coals from Tanito Harum, Baramarta and Bukit Asam were used as raw materials for binder making. Observations included effect of hydrogen pressure on the total carbon and ash contents and free swelling index as well. Coal hydrogenation was performed in a 5-litre batch type autoclave at reaction temperature of 400oC. The initial hydrogen pressure varies from 5 to 30 bars and to 1 hour reaction time. The next stage was the distillation of hydrogen product. It can be concluded that all non-caking coals used in the experiments can be converted into caking coal to be used as a binder in the coke making. The ash content within coal considerably affects the resulting binder product; binder that has low ash content is preferred.
EXTRACTION OF POTASSIUM FROM FELDSPAR AND LEUCITE BY TWO DIFFERENT ACTIVATION METH- ODS: MECHANICAL ACTIVATION (MILLING) AND HIGH TEMPERATURE ACTIVATION (ROASTING) AGUS WAHYUDI; DESSY AMALIA; HADI PURNOMO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 2 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 2 June 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No2.2011.496

Abstract

One of the most important elements in fertilizers is potassium that can be devided from felsdpar and leucite minerals. Both are composed of various minerals and need to be separated from its impurities to get the desired minerals. In this research, test of mineral activation was performed using two different methods, namely mechanical activation (milling) and activation that used high temperature (roasting). The results were followed by potassium extraction process through leaching using sulfuric acid 6 N, 20% solids for 2 hours without heating. The best result was obtained from a 60-hour mechanically, activated leucite in leaching condition and conducted without heating. To evaluate potassium dissolution with soil when applied as fertilizer, the test of solubility in citric acid-the analogy of acid humus within soil-was conducted. The product with the best solubility was obtained from a 60-hour milling process. The results show that leucite, activated by milling process, was more easily extracted its potassium. However, further research is still needed to optimize the leachability of potassium extraction.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF POMALAA LATERITIC ORE DUE TO COAL-BASED MAGNETIZING ROASTING PRAMUSANTO PRAMUSANTO; NURYADI SALEH; SYONI SUPRIYANTO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 2 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 2 June 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No2.2011.497

Abstract

Overburden of Indonesia’s laterite ore at Pomalaa is considered as an iron cap. It performs low iron grade (41.88%) and high silica and aluminum oxide contents (18.47% and 9.46%, respectively). Around 54.74% of size distribution belong to -325 mesh fraction. Limonite iron mineral dominates in the ore in the range of 80-90% with water content of about 40%. Proven deposits of laterite iron ore are about  222 million tons. As a significant resources iron ore to be used as raw material for iron and steel industries, the iron content must be upgraded to meet the requirement of iron making industry. Magnetizing roasting technique can be conducted to change the paramagnetic iron mineral (such as hema- tite, goethite, limonite or siderite) into magnetite one that has high magnetic intensity. Therefore, the changed iron mineral can be concentrated using low-intensity, magnetic separator. Coal, mixed in ore composite may also enhance the development of coal-based magnetizing roasting processes in order to reach the desired temperature. Recently, reduced iron products from many different processes have been used as the main feed mixed with steel scrap. On the other hand, iron ore resources is getting dominated by low grade lateritic iron ore with specific content of water crystal. The abundant deposits of low grade lateritic iron ore and low rank coal in Indonesia can be used as suitable resources for raw materials in the iron and steel- making industry. Iron structural changes during magnetizing roasting process using coal as reductant agent was observed. The result showed that the non-magnetic limonite ore has been changed in to metallic iron and the iron recovery in the magnetic product depended on the coal ratio in the pellet composite. The magnetic product can be used for the development of lateritic iron ore as one of the alternatives to metallized iron feed for iron making industry.
CONTROL OF ILLEGAL MINING (PETI) IN INDONESIA: POLICY AND PROGRAM UKAR W. SOELISTIJO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 1 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No1.2011.504

Abstract

The activity program of illegal mining prevention and tackling which constitutes non-formal enterprise and employing job within the outlying regions becomes as part of the regional development program in which may include community development program as well. Community development in the sector of energy and mineral resources is the program of community empowerment including the community of illegal mining (PETI) is directed toward self-sustainability in the enterprise in lieu of the order of formal enterprise and employing job. The management handling of illegal mining prevention and tackling program may include the components of identification of the PETI causal factors, the system of registering and mapping PETI distribution, the system of state financial loss estimation (fiscal and non-fiscal), mapping PETI players, mapping organiza- tion related to the development and supervision of PETI including its type of job and function, system of PETI prevention, tackling system of PETI impacts, systematization of the effort of PETI prevention and tackling. Successfulness indicator of PETI prevention and tackling may include the progressive and active response of PETI players and the sustainability in terms of social-economics, human and environment as well. The implementation of PETI prevention and tackling faces various challenges and opportunities which should be anticipated. Whatever in the living circle of the people human-being is based on the philosophy of eager to live in the right track in term of law enforcement or legal. At one time, the living of PETI must be left which functions presently as temporary economic safety valve even with very high risk, while formal job has not been yet found out. Somehow, the government has moral responsibility to make the people alive by creating good quality of enterprise and job. The effort of PETI curb is expected to be able to carry out systematically, well- planned and well-directed up to the whole and entire goal is well reached for the shake of nation and state glory and prosperity.
IMPROVEMENT OF LOW RANK COAL PROPERTIES BY VARIOUS UPGRADING PROCESSES DATIN F. UMAR; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 1 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No1.2011.505

Abstract

A low rank coal from Banko, South Sumatera was used to study the properties improvement of the coal due to coal upgrading process. Various coal upgrading processes were conducted i.e. upgraded brown coal (UBC), hot water drying (HWD) and steam drying (SD). The UBC process was carried out in pilot scale with a capacity of 5 tons/day at temperature of 160°C and pressure of 0.35 MPa, while the HWD and SD pro- cesses were conducted in laboratory scale using autoclave at the temperature of 300ºC and pressure of about 12 MPa for 1 hour. The result indicates that the properties of Banko coals after the UBC, HWD and SD processes were improved. The calorific value of the upgraded coals was significantly increased in relevant to the decreasing of inherent moisture content and have better combustion characteristics than that of the raw coal. The highest calorific value can be achieved by SD process, followed by HWD and UBC processes.
PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SUBBITUMINOUS COAL USING ROTARY KILN AND CYCLONE BURNER IKA MONIKA; SLAMET SUPRAPTO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 1 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No1.2011.506

Abstract

Research on the production of activated carbon from coal has been carried out by Research and Develop- ment Center for Mineral and Coal Technology since 1980 in the laboratory as well as pilot plant scale. Production of activated carbon from coal using rotary kiln and oil burner at the pilot plant of 1 ton/day has been carried out successfully to produce good quality product. To reduce the dependence upon using oil fuel, the oil fuel burner was replaced by coal fueled cyclone burner. Product quality and economic evalua- tion of the production of activated carbon using the burners are described in this paper. The coal used was subbituminous coal from Air Laya, South Sumatera. The coal passing 3 cm screen was carbonized at 500- 600° C for 2 hours to produce good quality char. The variables of activation process observed were con- sisted of particle size of char (+6, -6+12 and -12 +20 mesh) and residence time (1.5, 3 and 6 hours). The results showed that the optimum condition for activation process was using particle size of -6+12 mesh and residence time at a minimum of 3 hours. The activated carbon produced showed quality which fairly met the requirement of Indonesian Industrial Standard with iodine number of 600-800 mg/g compared with stan- dard of 750-1200 mg/g and market quality of 400-1200 mg/g. Eventhough the adsorption capacity obtained was at the lowest limit of the Indonesian Industrial Standard, however the pre utilization test showed that the product could be used for treatment of shrimp farms water.
TOXICOLOGY TEST ON COAL ASH FROM ASAM-ASAM COAL FIRED POWER PLANT, TANAH LAUT - SOUTH KALIMANTAN SITI R. UNTUNG
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 1 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No1.2011.507

Abstract

The utilization of coal at Asam-asam Coal Fired Power Plant produces a by-product of ash waste that consists of either coal ash or bottom ash. The power plant produces 720 tons of coal ash each year that threatens the environment due to pollution to surrounding waters. Based on the Government Regulation No. 85/1999, coal produces hazardous and toxic wastes. Due to that situation, toxicology test has been con- ducted on coal ash using Cyprinus carpio L. The research also analyzed chemical composition of the ash, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TLCP) test as well as determined the acute characteristic by setting Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50). Chemical analysis shows that the almost 90% of coal ash and bottom ash are comprise SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. The TCLP test using atomic absorption spectrophotometer shows that heavy metals with in the coal ash filtrate were Pb (3.1 ppm), Zn (4.3 ppm), Cd (0.2 ppm), Cu (2.2 ppm), but As and Cr were not detected; in the bottom ash. there were Zn (3.1 ppm), Cu (0.2 ppm), while Pb, Cd, As and Cr were not detected. It suggests that the power plant heavy metals with in the coal ash was still the quality standard as regulated by the Government Decree No. 85/1999 and US EPA. Therefore the coal ash is not categorized as hazardous and poisonous waste. Moreover, the result of acute toxicity test conducted by examining the number of dead fish, shows that the LC concentration values of fly ash and bottom ash are 20.564% (205,640 ppm) and 11.637% (116,370 ppm). Referring to the Association of Australian Petroleum Energy criteria of LC50 toxicity, the coal ash from Asam-asam is a non toxic waste.
DE-ZINCING OF LEAD-COPPER SULPHIDE MINERALS FLOTATION NGURAH ARDHA
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14 No 1 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol14.No1.2011.508

Abstract

Typical lead-copper-zinc sulphide minerals were found hard to be separated selectively by froth flotation in the plant practice operation due to part of sphalerite was progressively entrapped into lead-copper bulk flotation. A series of de-zincing on lead-copper flotation tests has been conducted in the laboratory to reduce unwanted zinc content. Dosages variation of common sphalerite depressant such as sodium cyanide, sodium bisulphite combined with zinc sulphate were employed in addition to flotation time and pH regula- tors alteration. The flotation results exhibit that lesser zinc component is still presence in lead-copper concentrate due to intricate association of the minerals particle. However, this study in general performs tendency of de-zincing requirement as well as improvement of lead-copper recovery by increasing con- sumption of such depressant agent and may regrind otherwise.
POLICY ON INDUSTRIAL MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN FRAMEWORK OF ELIMINATING DEPENDENCE ON IMPORT DARSA PERMANA
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13 No 3 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 3 October 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No3.2010.515

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that has abundant industrial mineral resource. Known as an exporter, Indonesia in fact also becomes an importer of various industrial minerals in a big and increasing amount from year to year. This is an apprehensive condition considering the negative impact given to the economy due to the absorption of the country’s foreign exchange. It also causes higher dependence on imported material and decreasing job opportunity for the people. Actually, industrial mineral mining does not need high technology and big investment; it is also of low risk. The problem is that the import rate is stagnantly high and it is caused especially by factors of unwise policy and conflict of interest from decision makers. The problem solution has to be derived around the issue. The issuance of Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining is expected to become the critical moment for reforming the policy and related regulations.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF THE ACTIVATION PROCESS FOR BENTONITE MINERAL DESSY AMALIA; MUCHTAR AZIZ; STEFANUS S. CAHYONO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13 No 3 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 3 October 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No3.2010.516

Abstract

Biodiesel manufacture usually applies liquid catalyst (homogenic catalyst) that deals with some obstacles, such as difficulty in catalyst product separation as they are in the same liquid phase, corrosive characters, excessive catalyst cannot be reused, and complicated to be handled. An alternative for a better process is solid catalyst as a heterogeneous system between raw material and product. Bentonite has layer structures and a potential to be used as solid catalyst by activation process. Three methods of activation process had been conducted,namely 60°C-heating; 60°C-heating followed by 1 week settling and 2 weeks settlement. Each method was performed in sulphuric acid and the chemical content of Al2O3 and SiO2 was observed. An activated bentonite has a molar ratio of SiO2 and Al2O3 between 6 - 9. All methods resulted in expected molar ratio, but the 2 weeks settlement process without heating provided more significant result which means it performed energy saving compared to other methods.

Page 11 of 27 | Total Record : 269

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