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Bachtiar Effendi
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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ANALYSIS OF TERM OF TRADE (TOT) FOR INDONESIA BAUXITE HARTA HARYADI
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 3 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 3 October 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No3.2012.450

Abstract

Indonesia does not have a processing unit for bauxite. As a result all raw materials are exported. In contrast, the alumina is imported to fulfill the domestic need for aluminum industry. In terms of evaluating bauxite export, term of trade (TOT) analysis was conducted. Method used to calculate the TOT is carried out using net barter of TOT formula. The parameter include the export price compared to the import one. If the bauxite price increases and the import price decreases, the TOT is surplus. Contrarily, if the export price decreases and the import price increases, the TOT is deficit. To calculate the ratio of the export volume against the import volume used the grass barter of TOT. The measured parameter is the export volume compared to the import one. If the export volume increases and the import decreases, the TOT is surplus. On the other hand, if the export volume decreases and the import volume increases, the TOT is deficit. In 2003, the net barter of TOT was 0.07 and the grass barter of TOT was 87,874, but in 2010, the net barter of TOT was 0.09 and the grass barter of TOT was 5,809.53. Results of the TOT values indicate that Indonesia was still the exporter of bauxite raw material with an average of export value was lower than that of the import one, although its volume was significant due to the very low price. Indonesian bauxite export value will increase, if the processing unit immediately established
IMPACTS OF ARTISANAL GOLD MINING AND EFFORTS TO MINIMIZE NEGATIVE IMPACTS TO THE ENVIRONMENT HUSAINI HUSAINI; LILI TAHLI; MUTA’ALIM MUTA’ALIM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 3 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 3 October 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No3.2012.451

Abstract

Indonesia has extensive primary and secondary gold ore deposits that are scattered at several islands. The processing method for gold includes cyanidation, amalgamation and gravity concentration. Amalgamation is one of the most dangerous methods that pollutes the environment. The process is conducted by artisanal gold mining extensively throughout the country and involving around 100.000 miners. The process is started by crushing the ore up to 2-3 cm, then put in the trommel along with Hg and water. The trommel is then rotated for 4-5 hours to produce amalgam (Au-Hg) to be separated from its tailing by panning. The clean Au-Hg, mixed with liquid Hg, is then squeezed to separate the Hg excess. The Au-Hg, mixed with borax is then burnt in a crucible to evaporate its Hg and get the golds bullion (Au-Ag metal). The gold is obtained after the silver within the bullion is leached by HNO3 equipment used for burning the Au-Hg is an open vessel that is operated in the kitchen at which the people also cook the food. This condition is very dangerous for the miner and their families as the Hg vapor is very toxic and can damage human lung. Another problem is that Hg-containing fine tailings are directly discharged to the river. This mercury can pollute the aquatic system and become dangerous for human through food chain. The efforts decreasing the negative effect of artisanal mining employ a retort to burn the amalgam, centralize the trommels; concentrate the gold ores prior to amalgamation. Jig, shaking table, sluice box can be used for upgrading the gold. If tailing with relatively high gold content would be processed by gravity concentration or cyanidation, the location for tailing gold processing should be safe and far from the river and houses.
From the Edito Sumaryadi Sumaryadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.456

Abstract

MANAGING THE PROBLEMS OF ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING AT SEKOTONG AREA, WEST LOMBOK BAMBANG YUNIANTO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.458

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale mining of gold at Sekotong area, West Lombok is conducted illegally. This gold mining is one of the examples of the mining in this country that retains the issue root of social, economic and cultural community. This paper tries to assess the issue and its solution based on the survey result of the current issues team from the R&D Centre of Mineral and Coal Technology. Based on the assessment relating to the policy of regional spatial plan, the gold potential in the area should be allocated partly for the artisanal and small-scale mining (WPR) in accordance with Law Number 4 Year 2009. In the earlier growth, the mining needs guidance, education and training in either capital aspect, business or mining technique. That is why, the role of the regional government is absolutely required.
SEVERAL EVALUATION AND ANALYTICAL INDICATORS OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY IMPLEMENTATION IMPACTS IN INDONESIA: ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT UKAR W. SOELISTIJO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.460

Abstract

In general, the example of case study of the energy and mining company such as PT Bukit Asam (Tbk) in South Sumatera Province and PT INCO (Tbk) in South Sulawesi Province has positive impact to the regional economy in terms of the community development and economic productivity. Coordination between central and regional governments should set up grand strategy of increasing their in- tensive exploration program to identify the distribution, locality, quality and quantity of their energy and mineral resources in every region to develop its potentials and its mineral base downstream industries so instrumental to development in the near future, especially if they have resource endowments having optimal added value and positive terms of trade (TOT) or TOT greater than 1. In overall, it indicates that the energy and mineral resources (EMR) sector could be used as one of among the catalysts to achieve interregional convergence through “cross fertilization” toward the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita index. All in one purpose is to set up of creating job and income toward a welfare society.
A PROPOSED METHOD TO EVALUATE COUNTRY’S ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY MIFTAHUL HUDA; NINING S. NINGRUM; RIDWAN SALEH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.461

Abstract

The threat of global warming should be addressed by increasing energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump- tion, since the green house gas mainly comes from combustion of fossil fuel in energy sector. Unfortunately, the conventional energy effi ciency indicator in national level such as energy consumption per capita (ECPC), energy intensity (energy consumption: gross domestic product (GDP)) and energy elasticity frequently shows a contradictory result. Energy consumption depends on both number of populations and GDP. Therefore, the energy effi ciency indicator should also consider both parameters. The objective of this study is to develop a new energy effi ciency indicator using both GDP and energy consumption per capita as parameters. In this study, a new energy effi ciency indicator namely A/R energy is proposed. A/R energy (addition or reduction of energy) is calculated by subtracting the value of best practice ECPC with the value of actual ECPC. The value of best practice ECPC was derived from an equation correlated between ECPC and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the new indicator, it is revealed that some country with low ECPC in Africa, Asia and South America should increase their ECPC while all the developed country should reduce their ECPC. The best practice correlation between best practice ECPC and GDP per capita was also used to evaluate energy projection of Indonesia. Indonesia energy projection has been developed by IEA, Green Peace and Indonesian Government. Considering GDP and population growth ECPC, it is concluded that Indonesia energy projection developed by IEA is the most realistic, effi cient but achievable.
STUDY OF BATCH SCALE-UP BENTONITE ACTIVATION USING SULFURIC ACID REZKY I. ANUGRAH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.462

Abstract

As a commodity for industrial applications, bentonite is needed in a large number of tonnages. Indonesia retains about 6 hundred million tons of bentonite resources, but its quality does not yet satisfy industrial spesifi cation. Most Indonesian bentonite is calcium-bentonite type. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the material to en- hance its absorption ability for decolorizing crude palm oil in cooking oil industries. This research was aimed to obtain the optimal bleaching power in order to decolorize the crude palm oil effectively. The batch scale bentonite activation used raw material from Sarimanggu, Tasikmalaya district, West Java. Since 40 %-solid gave a better average bleaching power value than that of 20 %, the activation was then focused at seeking the best condition with regards to the activition time (hour) and reagent dosages (sulfuric acid). The batch up scale of this research refered to the use of a 100-kg bentonite as the feed. The feed size was -10 mesh. The use of sulfuric acid was2.5 to 20 % (equivalent to 0.13 to 1.02 N) for 20 % solid and 2.5 to 15 % (equivalent to 0.34 to 2.04 N) for 40 % solid. A series of activation times was 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. It started when sulfuric acid has been depleted. Sampling was completed for each hour when a sample was neutralized until pH = 7. The sample was dried and the rest of bentonite slurry was fl owed into a dilution tank to be neutralized using water. Condition of 1-hour activation and 7.5 %-sulfuric acid (equivalent to 1.02 N) provided the best bleaching power value (88 %).
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF SOME INDONESIAN COALS DATIN FATIA UMAR; BINARKO SANTOSO; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.463

Abstract

Eight Indonesian coal samples of different moisture contents obtained from the various coalfi elds were used to study spontaneous combustion characteristics by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and crossing point temperature (CPT). Results indicate that there is no direct correlation between the spontaneous combustion test data and the individual properties of the coal samples by both DTA and CPT test methods; in this study, a preliminary conclusion can be drawn on the coal moisture content effect on spontaneous combustion. Higher moisture content coals are more susceptible to spontaneous combustion than that of lower moisture content coals. It also can be stated that the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion is basically a complex. Clearly more tests are required to investigate the effect of coal properties in more detail from other Indonesian coals that have various types and ranks.
PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF COAL SEAMS D (MERAPI) AND E (KELADI), MUARA ENIM FORMATION, SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN Asep Bahtiar Purnama; Nining Sudini Ningrum
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 1 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 1 February 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No1.2012.470

Abstract

Coal seams D and E belong to the Muara Enim Formation in South Sumatra Basin, which includes to the Middle Miocene to Late Miocene. The research is located at the Air Laya coal mines, PTBA, Tanjung Enim, South Suma- tra. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of coal and coal depositional environments of Seam D (Merapi) and Seam E (Keladi). Observations were done on samples of coal from exploration drilling results from the Air Laya mining pit. The analysis is carried out by a petrographic analysis, which is supported by the results of coal vitrinite refl ectance.Petrographic characteristics indicate that both of seams D and E dominant macerals are vitrinite, the most dominant sub-group of vitrinite is telovitrinite. Inertinite in both seams consists of semifusinite, sclerotinite and inertodetrinite. Pyrite, clay mineral and carbonate are the main mineral in the seams. Vitrinite refl ectance (Rv- max,%) value shows similar rank of sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous. Based on the results of coal depositional environment reconstruction using four parameters, which are the degree of preservation of plant tissue (TPI), the degree of Gelifi cation (GI), the degree of ground water infl uence (GWI) and vegetation aspects (VI), it is interpreted that seams D (Merapi) and E (Keladi) were deposited in upper delta plain depositional environment with ombrotrophic peat type.
THE EFFECT OF KCN ON GOLD ADSORPTION FROM HCl SOLUTION BY SYNTHESIZED MAGNETIC ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE FROM IRON SAND RIDWAN RIDWAN
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 1 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 1 February 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No1.2012.471

Abstract

The composites of magnetic activated carbon has been successfully synthesized by utilizing the available materi- als abundant in the country such as iron sand, and other chemicals which are easily procured in local markets at low prices. The phase identifi cation using X-ray diffraction technique showed that the magnetic part is Fe3O4 with crystallite size about 30 nm. The effectiveness of gold absorption from chloride solution by activated carbon magnetic composites are close to 100% and showed very dependent on pH. An addition of KCN in to the gold chloride solution can reduce effectiveness of activated carbon to adsorb gold by up to 20%. These might be caused by the formation of Au(CN)2-, in the solution, which could change the mechanism of adsorption of gold by the activated carbon. Based on these experimental results, by using chloride it is possible to recover valuable minerals from the ore processing of mining, which are economically,as well as environment friendly and safe.

Page 9 of 27 | Total Record : 269

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