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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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IMPLEMENTATION OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATION FOR CALCULATING ALUMINA EXTRACTION FROM BAUXITE TAILING DIGESTION Husaini Husaini
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 1 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 19 No. 1 February 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No1.2016.363

Abstract

Research on bauxite tailing digestion using pressurized batch reactor at a feed capacity of 86.66 kg had been conducted. Bauxite with -150 mesh of particle size is reacted with 42.15 kg of caustic soda (433.49 g/l) at 140oC for 1.0 to 2.5 hours using steam as heating media. Lime added are varied from 3 to 9 kg. After processing for a certain period of time, slurry product is transfered into a mixer. To evaluate percent extraction of Al2O3 from this process, the height of slurry level in the mixer, densities of the slurry, filtrat, and solid residue are measured and determined. The head sample of bauxite, filtrate and residue are analysed by using wet method to obtain Al2O3 content of each sample taken from the mixer. There are four equations that are used for obtaining the alumina extraction, namely : Vsl=4.176x+15.83 Wsl=(4.176x+15.83)ρsl S=(ρsl - ρl)/ (ρs - ρl) (ρs/ ρsl)*100% E=[10 (4.176x+15.83) [1- (ρsl - ρl)/ (ρs - ρl)]*[cl/FxF]% The calculation results show that by increasing lime added into the slurry, percent yield of alumina extraction tend to decrease from 46.63% for 3 kg of lime to 15.84% by using 9 kg of lime. Whereas by varying reaction time between 1.0-2.5 hours, percent yield of alumina extraction are fluctuation in the range of 42.07-60.54%, and the highest result was obtanined for 1,5 hours of reaction time. By implementing those four equations above for evaluating the data, we do not need to weigh the slurry in the reactor.
PROCESSING ZIRCONIA THROUGH ZIRCON SAND SMELTING WITH NaOH AS A FLUX Yuhelda Yuhelda; Dessy Amalia; Enggan P. Nugraha
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 1 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 19 No. 1 February 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No1.2016.364

Abstract

Zirconia had been made through smelting the zircon sand along with NaOH as a flux. The zircon sand as the smelter feed was taken from CV. Kurnia Alam Sejati mine at Palangkaraya, Middle Kalimantan. Major content of the zircon sand was 28.04% ZrO2 and SiO2 51.22% with several minor oxides such as 0.54% HfO2, 2.53% Fe2O3, 10.53% TiO2, 3.27% Al2O3 and less than 1% of alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth elements. In order to economizing the process, zircon sand upgrading was conducted prior to zirconia production. The upgrading process was conducted using several comprehensive equipments, consist of shaking table, magnetic separator and high tension separator (HTS).The upgraded sand contained 65.35% of ZrO2+HfO2 with 73.25% recovery, which was then used for smelting process at 650C for 2 hours using NaOH as a flux. The product was then leached with water and sulphuric acid then crystallized to get precipitated zirconium hydroxide. The precipitated product was calcined at 900C for 1 hour to get the zirconia and analyzed for its content. The zirconia content was 97.27% of ZrO2+HfO2 with 65.13% recovery.
ANALYSIS ON TERMS OF TRADE OF INDONESIA’S NICKEL Harta Haryadi; Bambang Yunianto
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 1 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 19 No. 1 February 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No1.2016.365

Abstract

The import-export trade of nickel Indonesia until 2013 was always in a less prestigous position. It is due to the entire production of nickel is exported in raw materials, while nickel is continued to be imported to meet the industrial needs of stainless steel, nickel alloys, batteries and nickel metal alloys in the country. This study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of export and import of nickel with a terms of trade analysis in net barter, which measures the ratio of the nickel export price with imports price, and gross barter measures the ratio of the nickel export volume to the import volume. Net barter of the analysis results shows that in 2007, the nickel export price was only 0.0121 times than the nickel import price, while gross barter indicates that the export volume was 11044.87 times compared to the import volume. Volume and value of the exports are in nickel ore), while imports in nickel oxide sinters, product of nickel metallurgy, nickel alloys, nickel waste and scrap and nickel powders and flakes. The analysis overview of nickel gives an indication that international trade (export-import) of nickel has not provided an optimal impact on the national and regional economy.
FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH FOR POST-MINING LAND USE PLANNING: A CASE STUDY ON COAL MINE OF PT. ADARO INDONESIA-SOUTH KALIMANTAN Mohamad Anis; Arifudin Idrus; Hendra Amijaya; Subagyo Subagyo
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2017): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 20 NO. 2 October 2017
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol20.No2.2017.371

Abstract

Currently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not yet been or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sectors including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Adaro Indonesia company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests. 
EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL DEWATERING ON COKE ADDITIVE MAKING FROM LOW RANK COAL (LRC) Nining Sudini Ningrum; Miftahul Huda; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.379

Abstract

This paper describes a study of the effects of hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau low rank coals, on additive characteristics. Hydrothermal upgrading and dewatering of the coals were carried out in a batch-type autoclave reactor at temperatures 350°C at a maximum pressure of 30 bar for 30 min. The dried sample resulted from hydrothermal process mixed with liquid fraction tar solvent at 250-350°C with ratio 4:6, was input in the 0,5 l autoclave to conduct hydrogenation process with variation initial hydrogen pressure of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 bar, and reaction temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The process of hydrothermal treatment before hydrogenation produced a higher calorific value having an average of >8000 cal/g (air dried basic, adb). Ash content and volatile matter for the coal were increased with the increasing initial hydrogen pressure. Corrected hydrogen content steadily increased after hydrothermal process and hydrogenation while the corrected oxygen decreased drastically after the hydrogenation process. Fuel ratio of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau coals after hydrothermal process also increase reached 1.58, 1.04 and 1.77 respectively. Overall results indicate the impor- tance of introducing a hydrothermal treatment step for the improvement of the coke additive characteristics.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ASH EROSION ON SUPERHEATER TUBES IN COAL FIRED POWERPLANT Haifa Wahyu
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.380

Abstract

This paper presents a computational analysis of fly ash erosion on superheater tubes of a coal furnace. The investigation was held based on a hypothesis that erosion by coal ash particles have caused an untimely fail- ure of a superheater tube during the initial running of a relatively new coal fired power plant. Material erosion is usually caused by several corresponding factors, therefore, it is necessary to examine the process taken by the coal ash to wear out superheater material before conclusions on the ash factor are drawn. This work applies a combination method of analysis using mathematical model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The mathematical model was used to calculate the amount of erosion by the fly ash particles and CFD simulation was employed to examine the velocity profile of combustion products around the superheater bank. The CFD simulation was based on the real scale and the design parameters of the power plant. The simulation shows that the velocity vector of the combustion products around superheater bank varies from 1 to 20 m/s magnitude with impacting angle varies from 0 to 90° relative to the vertical position of the superheater. Ash data were taken from the actual coal used during the operation and the design specified coal according to the equipment specification. Mathematical model was formulated for a single ash particle and for ash bulk. The results show that differences in the ash particle parameters result in different amount of material removal which means that ash particles affect the wear out of the material. As an overall, for each ash particle, the maximum erosion occurs at impacting angle of 17°. The impacting angle is used further in determining the amount of mass removal by varying the velocity and the abrasiveness of ash particles. At the maximum level of erosion, which is the maximum velocity calculated from the CFD simulation (20 m/s), every kilogram ash particles containing 46.54 % SiO2 with ash particle average diameter 500 micron is capable to remove about 0.0045 miligram alloy steel material. The maximum penetration of the ash particles into the superheater material is found at the maxi- mum velocity obtained from the CFD simulation that is 20 m/s. The maximum penetration is 0.049 mm which is about 1.53 % of the pipe thickness. The superheater pipe is made of alloy steel material type A213-T91 with the thickness of pipe wall 3.2 mm. The magnitude of mass removal is considered relatively trivial to cause the thinning of material in a short period. This proves that coal ash particles will undergo a timely process to wear out superheater material, it is predictable and does not immediately cause erosion or failure. A brief physical examination was carried out to compare the results of the analysis and the causes of failures. It was found out that the failed superheater pipe had undergone clogging which caused overheating followed by pipe burst.
EFFECT OF OXIDIZING AGENTS IN EXTRACTING GOLD FROM ANODE SLIME Isyatun Rodliyah; Nuryadi Saleh; Ngurah Ardha; Zaki Mubarok
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.382

Abstract

Anode slime is a byproduct collected from electro refining copper process. The valuable metals present in the slime are Au, Ag, Pt, Pd and Pb. Yet, the slime has not been processed in Indonesia but sent to another country. Extracting the gold from anode slime had been attempted in the laboratory by applying wet chlorination method. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) served as the oxidizing agents. Effects of various parameters such as solvent concentration, leaching time and temperature on the percent extraction of gold were studied. The optimum recovery of gold with NaOCl is 98.86 % Au at leaching temperature of 40°C, solvent concentration 5 M, NaOCl 5 mL and 20% solid after 120 minutes leaching time. Silver loss under this condition is 2–3%. Leaching the gold by H2O2 provided the highest gold extraction of 99.99% Au at 7M HCl concentration, temperature 60°C, H2O2 0.5 M, leaching time 180 minutes, and 20% solid. The silver loss under this condition is only 0.6%.
PREPARATION OF NANO SILICA FROM SILICA SAND THROUGH ALKALI FUSION PROCESS Agus Wahyudi; Dessy Amalia; Sariman Sariman
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.383

Abstract

Silica (SiO2) materials play an important role for industries, especially those in micron or even nano-scale size. The later has better properties and improves its quality. Nano silica is applied widely in building material, notably as a mixture of concrete. The material is also promising to be developed into amorphous nano silicon for solar cell materials. Indonesia has a lot of silica sand resources and faces a challenge to increase its quality into high product such as nano silica. Synthesizing silica nano through alkali fusion is a process that includes using the particles along with sodium hydroxide at temperature of 400-1100 °C then recrystalizing the molecules to get materials in nano size. The recrystalizing process was conducted by water leaching and filtration. The derived nano particles (gel) ranged between 40-60 nm. TEM characterization showed that the products are homoge- neous, well dispersed and has specific surface area around 157 m2/g.
EFFECT OF REAGENT VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION ON RECOVERIES OF MgO AND SO3 WITHIN SYNTHETIC DOLOMITE-BASED KIESERITE Tatang Wahyudi; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.384

Abstract

Natural kieserite is usually used for the production of epsom salt and fertilizer. Normally, the mineral is mined from geologic marine deposits and provides a soluble source of both Mg and S for plant nutrition. However, natural kieserite cannot be found in Indonesia. The fact that this country retains a lot of dolomite deposits and such a material can be processed into synthetic kieserite by sulphatization process seems promising for fertilizer industry in Indonesia. Varying the sulfuric acid concentration between 2 and 5 N and its volume from29.50 to 94.80 ml produces the MgO in MgSO4 filtrate below the specification as stated in Indonesian National Standard (14 – 19%) though its sulfur content has satisfied the requirements. It is assumed that some MgO’s (around 1.93 – 7.12%) are still available in CaSO4 deposit. To get the optimum results, an appropriate calcula- tion is required when adding sulfuric acid to the process and the solution should be in neutral condition prior to separating MgSO4 – CaSO4 as well.
FACTORS CONTROLLING PETROGRAPHIC COMPOSITION OF NEOGENE TENGGARONG COALS-KUTAI BASIN-EAST KALIMANTAN Binarko Santoso
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 3 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 19 NO. 3, October 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No3.2016.392

Abstract

Petrographic composition of the Neogene Tenggarong coals in the Kutai Basin-East Kalimantan indicates its geological setting. The aim of this study is to obtain an understanding of the geologic aspects controlling the petrographic composition of the coals.Variation of type and rank in the coals was determined by petrographic examination of twenty-two samples. The coals are absolutely dominated by vitrinite, common liptinite and rare inertinite and mineral matter. Vitrinite macerals are dominated by detrovitrinite and telovitrinite. Cutinite and resinite are the dominant liptinite macerals in the coals. The inertinite macerals include semifusinite, inertodetrinite and sclerotinite. Clay and pyrite are the dominant mineral matters in the coals. The type differences largely reflect climatic influence and differences in peat conditions. Rank of the coals, in general, depends largely on the stratigraphic position. Reflectance measurements on the coals indicate that there is a slightly difference in rank. The coals are sub-bituminous rank (Rvmax of 0.40-0.47%). The change in vitrinite reflectance of the coals is due to the thicker cover/overburden on the high rank coals. Nevertheless, the vitrinite reflectance is higher in some coals in the Loa Kulu area (Rvmax of 0.48-0.57%) due to its stratigraphic position that is at the bottom of the sequence. The type and rank characteristics of the coals clearly influence the utilization. The coals are suited to utilize for direct combustion and therefore, the major utilization potential would be for power generation.

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