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Control Systems and Optimization Letters
Published by Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29856116     DOI : 10.59247/csol
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering
Control Systems and Optimization Letters is an open-access journal offering authors the opportunity to publish in all fundamental and interdisciplinary areas of control and optimization, rapidly enabling a safe and sustainable interconnected human society. Control Systems and Optimization Letters accept scientifically sound and technically correct papers and provide valuable new knowledge to the mathematics and engineering communities. Theoretical work, experimental work, or case studies are all welcome. The journal also publishes survey papers. However, survey papers will be considered only with prior approval from the editor-in-chief and should provide additional insights into the topic surveyed rather than a mere compilation of known results. Topics on well-studied modern control and optimization methods, such as linear quadratic regulators, are within the scope of the journal. The Control Systems and Optimization Letters focus on control system development and solving problems using optimization algorithms to reach 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The scope is linear control, nonlinear control, optimal control, adaptive control, robust control, geometry control, and intelligent control.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Kontrol dan Sistem
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 1 (2025)" : 15 Documents clear
Impact of Inertial and External Forces on Joint Dynamics of Robotic Manipulator: Experimental Insights Sharkawy, Abdel-Nasser
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.163

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of the inertial and external forces applied on the links of the robotic manipulator is studied and investigated on the manipulator joints’ parameters through experimental analysis. For this investigation and experiments, KUKA LWR manipulator is used and structured as a 2-DOF manipulator. Experimental work is carried out by commanding a sinusoidal joint motion to the two joints of the manipulator. Different scenarios are studied such as motion with free of collisions, motion with collision on the link between the two joints of the manipulator, motion with collision on the end-effector, and motions with different constant joint speeds. The diagrams of the position, velocity, acceleration, and torque of the manipulator joints are obtained and recorded from KUKA robot controller and then investigated and evaluated. The results reveal that during a motion free of collision, small spikes are found on the signals of the joint position, velocity, acceleration, and torques. These spikes resulted from the inertial forces applied on the joint. During a motion with collision, the signals of joint position, velocity, acceleration, and torque are highly affected due to the collision, inertial forces, and friction. During a collision on the end-effector, the torques of both joints are highly affected. During a collision on a link between the two joints, the torque of the first joint is highly affected, and the torque of the second joint is slightly affected. When the speed of the joint is increased, the torque signal is highly affected. These findings provide insights into the dynamic behavior of robotic manipulators under external forces, with implications for improving control algorithms and collision detection systems.
Enhancing Solar Cell Performance: The Impact of Microstructure in Nanostructured Perovskites Kumar, Swarup; Neidhe, Md Musfiqur Rahman; Ahmed, Faisal; Hasan, Md Mehedi
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.136

Abstract

A revolutionary development in solar cell technology, nanostructured perovskites have the potential to greatly improve stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The contribution of microstructure, including defect passivation, surface morphology, crystallinity, and grain size, to perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance optimization is evaluated in this paper. Through nanoscale optimization of these microstructural characteristics, scientists may enhance light absorption, minimize recombination losses, and optimize charge transfer, all of which contribute to increased efficiency. More versatility in bandgap engineering for a range of applications is made possible by the distinct optoelectronic properties of perovskites in conjunction with the benefits of nanostructuring. The endurance of nanostructured perovskites under environmental pressures and the scalability of production techniques are two issues that persist despite these developments. It is essential to overcome these obstacles in order to commercialize PSCs. Potential future developments for lead-free perovskite substitutes and the incorporation of nanostructured materials into hybrid solar systems are also examined in this study. Key results, ramifications, and opportunities for future advancements in nanostructured perovskites for solar energy technology are highlighted in this study, which summarizes the present status of research in this area. The review process aims to summarize current developments in the area and pinpoint the crucial problems that need to be resolved for wider acceptance.
Cascade Control for Trajectory-Tracking Mobile Robots Based on Synergetic Control Theory and Lyapunov Functions Chiem, Nguyen Xuan
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.169

Abstract

This paper aims to synthesize a synergetic control law using a cascade approach for trajectory-tracking robots. A nonlinear model was established for a differential two-wheeled mobile robot. The robot’s operation can either stabilize along a desired trajectory or deviate due to model uncertainty and external disturbances. The cascade approach is utilized to reduce system complexity while maintaining the robustness of the control law. The kinematic control law in the outer loop is designed using Lyapunov functions, while the dynamic control law is derived using synergetic control theory. This law ensures system control quality under model uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller provides robust stability for the mobile robot, along with excellent disturbance rejection and robustness against model uncertainties.
Enhancing Electric Vehicle Performance: A Case Study on Advanced Motor Drive Systems, Integration, Efficiency, and Thermal Management Ali Khan, Md. Yakub
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.152

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced motor drive systems for next-generation electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on integration, efficiency, thermal management, and sustainability. As the automotive industry transitions towards electrification, the development of efficient motor drive systems is paramount to enhancing vehicle performance and sustainability. This study highlights the integration of various motor technologies, including permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), induction motors, and switch reluctance motors, with power electronics and thermal management solutions. Key findings reveal that utilizing advanced materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) in power electronics leads to significant improvements in energy efficiency and reduced energy losses. Effective thermal management strategies, including liquid cooling systems and advanced control algorithms, are critical for maintaining optimal operating conditions and enhancing overall system reliability. Furthermore, the paper discusses the sustainability implications of motor drive systems, addressing challenges related to material sourcing and environmental impact while highlighting the importance of recycling initiatives. As the automotive industry transitions towards electrification, the development of efficient motor drive systems becomes crucial for enhancing vehicle performance and environmental sustainability The insights gained from this case study underscore the potential of advanced motor drive systems to shape the future of electric mobility, promoting a more efficient and environmentally friendly transportation landscape. Overall, this research contributes valuable knowledge to the ongoing discourse on the development and implementation of next-generation motor drive technologies in the electric vehicle market.
Enhancing Energy Flexibility: A Case Study on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading Between Electric Vehicles and Microgrid Biswas, Chanchal; Sharma, Anik; Prianka, Yingking Mitra
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.144

Abstract

In order to better understand how Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading between EVs and microgrids might improve energy flexibility, lower costs, and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, this case study examines the viability and advantages of this innovative strategy. By allowing EVs to trade energy directly with other EVs or microgrid components, P2P energy trading establishes a decentralized energy market that maximizes the distribution and use of energy. Using real-world situations, this study assesses the technical and economic elements of peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and its effects on user involvement, energy management, and grid stability. By enabling EVs to trade energy directly with one another or with microgrid components, P2P energy trading creates a decentralized energy market that optimizes energy distribution and consumption. The findings demonstrate that P2P trading can greatly lower energy expenses, ease system congestion, and increase energy consumption efficiency overall. P2P trade is a viable option for future energy systems since it guarantees safe and transparent transactions through the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. Microgrids can adapt to changes in the supply of renewable energy by using P2P technologies. EV batteries, for instance, can store extra solar energy during periods of high production and release it to the grid or other EVs when demand spikes. The results demonstrate how P2P energy trading can help ease the shift to a user-centric, decentralized, and sustainable energy economy.
Understanding Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): A Review Purwono, Purwono; Wulandari, Annastasya Nabila Elsa; Ma'arif, Alfian; Salah, Wael A.
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.170

Abstract

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is an important breakthrough in artificial intelligence that uses two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, that work in an adversarial framework. The generator generates synthetic data, while the discriminator evaluates the authenticity of the data. This dynamic interaction forms a minimax game that produces high-quality synthetic data. Since its introduction in 2014 by Ian Goodfellow, GAN has evolved through various innovative architectures, including Vanilla GAN, Conditional GAN (cGAN), Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN), CycleGAN, StyleGAN, Wasserstein GAN (WGAN), and BigGAN. Each of these architectures presents a novel approach to address technical challenges such as training stability, data diversification, and result quality. GANs have been widely applied in various sectors. In healthcare, GANs are used to generate synthetic medical images that support diagnostic development without violating patient privacy. In the media and entertainment industry, GANs facilitate the enhancement of image and video resolution, as well as the creation of realistic content. However, the development of GANs faces challenges such as mode collapse, training instability, and inadequate quality evaluation. In addition to technical challenges, GANs raise ethical issues, such as the misuse of the technology for deepfake creation. Legal regulations, detection tools, and public education are important mitigation measures. Future trends suggest that GANs will be increasingly used in text-to-image synthesis, realistic video generation, and integration with multimodal systems to support cross-disciplinary innovation.
An Investigation of the Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cells Using Iterative Techniques and MATLAB® 2024a Software Hysa, Azem; Mahmoud, Mohamed Metwally; Ewais, Ahmed
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.174

Abstract

This study investigates the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells using iterative methods and MATLAB® 2024a software. Its main objective is to analyze the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for various series resistances and solar irradiation levels. The precision and dependability of this study are improved by the software utilized for numerical simulations and analysis. Since the PV cells are nonlinear, numerical techniques are favored in this situation to solve their nonlinear equations. In order to investigate different curves and their characteristics, the study makes use of numerical simulations, the single diode model, and the Newton-Raphson method (NRM), which is iterative and converges to an optimal solution of the problem to be solved. The behavior of PV cells under the variation of solar irradiance and different values of series resistance is described by the I-V and P-V characteristics. From the data, we notice that the influence of sun irradiance on PV cells, demonstrates that higher solar irradiance gives more current and power, and higher series resistance decrease the output power. The highest efficiency of a solar cell measured is roughly 47.1%. Future technical advancements in these crucial areas for humankind will result in further increases in the maximum efficiency of solar cells.
Cooperative Intelligent Control of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) Through Communication, Trust, and Reliability Acha, Stefalo; Yi, Sun
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.171

Abstract

The field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has achieved significant advancements in modern research and development. This study focuses on enhancing trust evaluation, communication efficiency, and adaptive navigation in scenarios where agents have limited prior knowledge. Key contributions include the development of a high-intelligence MAS system that integrates key input data, such as real-time parameters regarding agents’ distances from one another, their distances to target locations, weather conditions, visibility, machine learning capabilities, positions relative to safe or unsafe environments for trust evaluation, delays in communication, and potential cyber threats. These factors trigger a dynamic topology-switching mechanism to secure agents or minimize communication delays in high-security operations. The MAS implements these strategies based on an adaptive communication model, enabling agents to execute various steps during data pooling effectively. Agents utilize real-time data to coordinate flock movements, ensuring dynamic and robust control through data pooling. For example, in a topology requiring a lead agent, the lead agent provides navigation instructions based on pooled data collected during mission execution. This data may involve repositioning proper area coverage, considering agents’ visibility, distance, or environmental disturbances. Four main topologies are implemented in this experiment: directed mesh with two lead agents (type A), directed mesh with one lead agent (type B), star topology (type C), and ring topology (type D). Type B and C topologies are well-suited for communication without delays or disturbances but perform poorly when the system experiences delays (e.g., noise disturbances exceeding a threshold frequency of 5 Hz). In contrast, type A and D topologies are more effective in handling communication delays. By implementing a topology-switching mechanism, this research streamlines the application of two or more topologies in real-life scenarios. It utilizes type B or C topologies in undisturbed conditions and switches to type A or D when perturbations occur. This optimization minimizes communication delays during mission execution and flight time. The research demonstrates significant improvements in trust evaluation, communication efficiency, and overall MAS performance, with implications across various domains, including image and video mining. In these areas, the integration of domain-specific agents enhances processes such as preprocessing, feature extraction, and interpretation. Results show improved accuracy and reliability in data analysis and decision-making across diverse applications, particularly in scenarios involving complex spatial objects and varying environmental conditions.
Audio-Based Telemetry Using HT Radios for Remote Monitoring of Renewable Energy Systems Perkasa, Sigit Dani; Muzadi, Ahmad Rahmad; Megantoro, Prisma; Pandi, Vighneshwaran
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.181

Abstract

Effective monitoring of renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, is essential for optimizing energy production. However, traditional wired monitoring systems are expensive and lack flexibility. This study develops a reliable wireless monitoring system that addresses the limitations of wired alternatives, using a PZEM-004T power meter, Arduino Uno R3, and BF-888S HT radios. The system employs audio-modulated binary encoding for long-range, low-cost data transmission, enabling real-time monitoring of key power parameters, including voltage, current, and power factor. This solution offers scalability and cost-effectiveness by eliminating the need for extensive infrastructure. The methodology involves designing both hardware and firmware for the transmitter and receiver components and developing a communication algorithm to optimize data transfer efficiency. The system was tested in various environments: indoor, outdoor, and radio communication scenarios. Performance varied across environments, with outdoor and higher-floor tests experiencing more significant interference, which impacted transmission quality. The system achieved an average transmission time of 42.64 seconds and an error rate of 0.56% across 16 channels, demonstrating competitive reliability compared to existing wireless systems. Future research could explore adaptive modulation techniques to enhance data reliability in high-interference environments, improving the system's robustness for large-scale deployments.
Review of Electrical and Thermal Modeling Techniques for Three-Phase PMSM Drives Azom, Md Ali; Hossain, Md. Shahen; Khan, Md. Yakub Ali
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.172

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present a thorough examination of electrical and thermal modelling approaches for three-phase PMSM drives, emphasizing their methods, potential, and constraints. Modern electric drives now rely heavily on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), which are found in renewable energy systems, industrial automation, and electric cars. PMSM drives must be accurately modelled to maximize performance, guarantee dependability, and increase operational longevity. The methods, advantages, and disadvantages of electrical and thermal modelling approaches for three-phase PMSMs are thoroughly examined in this paper. To forecast electromagnetic behavior and drive efficiency, the electrical modelling section examines dynamic dq-axis transformations, finite element methods (FEM), equivalent circuit models, and sophisticated AI-driven techniques. The function of thermal modelling tools in controlling heat dissipation and halting thermal degradation is examined. These techniques include lumped parameter models, coupled electro-thermal models, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The trade-offs between these models' practical usability, computational complexity, and accuracy are highlighted by a comparative comparison. Incorporating trade-offs between accuracy, complexity, and usability into modelling methods for three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives offer a comprehensive viewpoint that strikes a compromise between performance and usefulness. Current issues are noted in the review, including the requirement for real-time adaptive models and the incorporation of multi-physics effects. New developments are highlighted as promising paths to improve PMSM modelling, including AI-based simulations and digital twin technologies. The goal of this study is to provide researchers and engineers with a thorough resource that will direct the creation of reliable and effective PMSM drive systems. The review's findings and insights have the potential to influence a variety of applications, spur innovation in PMSM drives, and aid in the global shift to sustainable technologies and electrification.

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