cover
Contact Name
Muhlisin
Contact Email
jkpdbanten@gmail.com
Phone
+62819-0613-2274
Journal Mail Official
jkpdbanten@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jl. Syekh Nawawi Al Bantani, Palima Serang, Tlp.(0254) 267053 Fax. (054) 267052, Kota Serang 42127
Location
Kota serang,
Banten
INDONESIA
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah (JKPD)
ISSN : 25974971     EISSN : 26850079     DOI : https://doi.org/10.56945/jkpd.v9i1.340
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Local Autonomy and Bureaucracy Regional Governance Politics and Public Services Regional Innovation and Development Regional Natural Resources and Environment Regional Fiscal Policy and Development Human Resource Management Development Other Issues in Regional Public Policy Field
Articles 181 Documents
PYROLYSIS OF ALANG – ALANG (IMPERATA CILINDRICA) AS BIOENERGY SOURCE IN BANTEN PROVINCE INDONESIA Fitriyah Fitriyah; Syarif Hidayat; Muhammad S. Abu Bakar; Neeranuch Phusunti
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i1.62

Abstract

Bahan bakar fosil sumber energi memiliki keterbatasan dan tidak terbarukan, penggunaan bahan bakar fosil secara terus menerus mengakibatkan krisis energy dan lingkungan. Rumput liar pada saat ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai generasi kedua biomasa. Hal ini memiliki keuntungan seperti tumbuh dengan cepat, mudah tumbuh, perawatan yang minimal, dapat tumbuh pada lahan kritis dan tersedia dalam jumlah yang banyak. Dalam upaya mengembangkan generasi kedua biomasa, penelitian ini secara sistematis memberikan perspektif ekologi dan teknologi proses dalam mengembangkan bioenergi dari alang – alang di Provinsi Banten. Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi alang – alang dilakukan untuk menentukan sifat – sifat dan potensi bioenergy. Sedangkan fixed bed pirolisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi produksi bio-oil dari proses pirolisis. Sementara analisis karakterisasi bio-oil dilakukan untuk melihat potensi chemical building block sebagai sumber energi. Analisis sifat kimia dan fisika alang – alang dilakukan melalui thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. Sedangkan analisis potensi bio-oil di lakukan melalui Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil karakterisasi mengindikasikan bahwa alang – alang memiliki nilai kalori 18,05 MJ/kg, dengan ash konten yang rendah, dan tinggi kandungan volatile. Analisis dengan GC/MS menunjukan komponen utama dalam bio-oil dikelompokan ke dalam furan, ketone, phenol dan anhydrosugar yang merupakan platform yang dapat dikonversi menjadi sumber energi. Fixed bed pyrolysis atau fixed bed pirolisis alang – alang menunjukan, bahwa yield bio-oil meningkat sebagaimana peningkatan temperatur dan puncaknya pada suhu 500 0C dengan persentase 37,91%. Kata Kunci: Alang - alang, Pirolisis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergi ABSTRACT Fossil fuel as a source of energy have limitation and are non-renewable. Continuous utilisation of fossil fuels as energy source can lead to energy crisis and environmental impact. Perennials grasses (alang – alang) are currently being developed as a suitable second-generation biofuel feedstock. It has advantages such as rapid growth rate, easy to grow, minimal maintenance and utilise marginal land without competing with food supply. Taking into account of the various challenges attributed to the transformation of second-generation biomass for energy production, this work systematically looks at the ecological perspective and the availability for bioenergy production from alang – alang in Banten Province. Biomass characterisation is carried out to determine the properties and bioenergy potential. Fixed bed pyrolysis study was conducted to predict the potential production of bio-oil from the pyrolysis process. GC/MS study is conducted to identify the potential building blocks of value-added chemicals from alang – alang. The physicochemical properties of feedstock was thoroughly evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. The analysis of the potential of bio-oil was carried out through GC / MS. Characterisation results indicate that alang - alang has a calorific value of 18.39 MJ/kg, with low ash content and high percentage of volatile matter. Analysis from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that majority of the chemical groups in the bio-oil contained furan, ketone, phenol and anhydro-sugars. Phenolic and furanic were found as major compounds in bio oil. Phenolic, furanic, ketonic and anhydrosugars are promising renewable platform compounds derived from pyrolysis of alang – alang. The compounds can be further converted to chemicals or fuels. The fixed-bed pyrolysis of alang - alang showed that the yield of bio-oil increases as the temperature increases and peaks at 500°C with 38.79%. Keywords: Alang - alang, Pyrolysis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergy
PERAN BUMDES DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI DESA SUKARATU KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN Yunia Rahayuningsih; Sofyan Budiarto; Sulastri Isminingsih
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i2.63

Abstract

BUMDes lahir sebagai pendekatan baru dalam usaha peningkatan ekonomi desa berdasarkan kebutuhan dan potensi desa. Desa Sukaratu Kecamatan Cikeusal Kabupaten Serang telah mempunyai BUMDes dan juga memiliki potensi besar dalam sektor pariwisata. Namun sampai saat ini belum tergali dan dikembangkan secara maksimal. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan BUMDes dalam penguatan ekonomi Desa Sukaratu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah desktiptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, pengamatan langsung dan pengumpulan data sekunder lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan BUMDes Ratu Harapan berperan dalam peningkatan kreativitas, inovasi dan variasi usaha BUMDes yang berbasis pada pengelolaan potensi desa di sektor wisata sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan peluang pasar. Juga telah mampu berkontribusi terhadap pendapatan asli desa dan membuka lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat desa. Kata Kunci : Badan Usaha Milik Desa, Penguatan Ekonomi, Desa Sukaratu
PENCAPAIAN PEMERINTAHAN ITI OCTAVIA SEBAGAI BUPATI DI LEBAK TAHUN 2014-2018 Junior Hendri Wijaya
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i2.66

Abstract

This study aims to determine the achievements of the government of Iti Octavia as Lebak Regent in 2014-2018. This research uses a qualitative method with literature study. The results of this study indicate that the achievement of Iti Octavia as Regent of Lebak in 2014-2018 has reached several fields, namely in the field of public services by developing Star Up, in the field of health by adding health facilities in each region and increasing participants of Health Insurance users, in addition in the field of Iti education Octavia has succeeded in improving quality in the Lebak district with the result of decreasing illiteracy rates, as well as increasing gross participation and pure enrollment rates (APK / APM) increasing at all levels of education.
Kedudukan Ganda Kecamatan Sebagai Perangkat Daerah dan Perangkat Wilayah : Penyelenggaraan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Pandeglang Berdasarkan Undang – Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 arif nugroho; Delly Maulana
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i2.68

Abstract

Dalam artikel ini dibahas penyelenggaraan kecamatan dalam kedudukan ganda yakni sebagai perangkat daerah dan perangkat wilayah penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan umum. Selain itu juga dibahas aspek pemenuhan elemen necessary conditions, kemudian yang terakhir merekomendasikan model pelimpahan wewenang Bupati kepada camat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam pendekatan kualitatif berlokus di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemenuhan elemen necessary conditions lembaga kecamatan di Kabupaten Pandeglang belum seimbang dengan kewenangan yang dilimpahkan oleh Bupati. Kemudian kewenangan camat yang berlaku belum akomodatif dengan beberapa hal diantaranya (1) perubahan undang - undang, (2) karakteristik wilayah kerja camat, (3) penguatan pelayanan publik, serta (4) keberadaan program nasional dimana kecamatan dituntut menjadi bagian dalam orkestrasi. Adapun model yang direkomendasikan adalah Pelimpahan Wewenang Bupati Kepada Camat yang dapat mewujudkan efektifitas penyelengaraan Kecamatan.
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN SUBSEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM MENOPANG PEREKONOMIAN PROVINSI BANTEN Reza Septian Pradana
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i2.70

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges of fisheries subsector in supporting the economy of Banten Province through studying the growth of fisheries subsector, either capture fisheries or aquaculture and the influented factors. This study uses multiple regression. This study found that the number of outboard motor and inboard motorboat significantly give positive influence to the production of capture fisheries in Banten Province. It can be the opportunity to increase the production of capture fisheries that can support the economy of Banten Province. On the other hand, the indication of overfishing in shallow water showed by the insignificance of nonpowered motorboat number to influent the production of capture fisheries becomes the challenge of capture fisheries in supporting the economy of Banten Province. Then, the lack of fish cultivator skill showed by the negative influence of fish cultivator to the production of aquaculture and the lack of productivity in aquaculture area showed by the insignificance of aquaculture area to influent the production of aquaculture becomes the challenge of fisheries subsector in supporting the economy of Banten Province.
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) MELALUI PEMANFAATAN POTENSI SEKTOR PERTANIAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KADU ELA KECAMATAN CADASARI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG) Hadi Kurniawanto; Yusniah Anggraini
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v3i2.71

Abstract

Women's empowerment is one that needs to be a concern in the development of human resources, this is because up to now the quality of women is still lagging behind men, in terms of various indicators, one of which is the low female literacy rate, labor force participation rate (TPAK) women are low and MMR is still high. Women's participation in agricultural development and food security in Kadu Ela Village, Cadasari Subdistrict, Pandeglang Regency is very strategic, especially in the development of Rural-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). Potential of food security that is owned by the people of Kadu Ela Village, Cadasari District is the main capital in developing existing local potentials. The purpose of the study was to determine the driving factors and obstacles as well as the role of women's empowerment in efforts to develop BUMDes through the utilization of local potential in Kadu Ela Village, Cadasari District, Pandeglang Regency. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Women's Empowerment program has been carried out at the stages of counseling and training, but has not been maximized in the activities of assistance, monitoring, evaluation, promotion and marketing strategies and partnerships. So that the women's empowerment program has not yet comprehensively and continuously maximized the potential for food security and the local wisdom of the community in developing post-harvest processing products.
Resiko Kerentanan Masyarakat Perkotaan Terhadap Bahaya Banjir di Kelurahan Margagiri, Kecamatan Bojonegara, Kabupaten Serang Arta Rusidarma Putra; S Silfiana
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 4 No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v4i1.92

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerentanan sosial ekonomi, dan bangunan fisik masyarakat perkotaan terhadap bencana banjir di Kelurahan Margagiri, Kecamatan Bojonegara Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan observasi langsung di lapangan dan wawancara berstruktur dengan responden yang dipilih secara random dengan teknik simple random sampling. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 90 kepala rumah tangga dari total populasi 483 kepala rumah tangga. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai dokumen dan instansi terkait yang dianggap berkompeten. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil interpolasi kedalaman banjir yang terkena dampak banjir berada di sebagian besar wilayah bagian timur penelitian dengan kedalaman maksimum 1,5 meter. Berbagai faktor yang dapat menyebabkan banjir, seperti kondisi topografi yang lebih rendah, penyempitan sungai, tersumbatnya drainase dan tersumbatnya saluran sungai yang menyebabkan terhambatnya aliran sungai yang mengalir ke outlet utama. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan sosial ekonomi yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada tingkat pendidikan dominan yang rendah yaitu tingkat sekolah dasar (SD) (40,42%) dan elemen penduduk rentan karena usia lanjut dan anak-anak sebanyak 30,09 %. Sementara itu, temuan penelitian lainnya berkaitan dengah kerentanan fisik, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerentanan tinggi aspek fisik sebanyak 32 bangunan, kerentanan tingkat sedang aspek fisik ebanyak 43 bangunan, dan kerentanan tingkat rendah sebanyak 25 bangunan. Serta tingkat kerentanan sedang hingga tinggi didominasi oleh jenis bangunan non tembok. Kata Kunci: Masyarakat Perkotaan, Kerentanan Sosial Ekonomi, Kerentanan Fisik, Bahaya Banjir ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and physical building vulnerability of urban communities against flooding in Margagiri Village, Bojonegara District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. The method used in this study was a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected by direct observation in the field and structured interviews with respondents randomly selected by simple random sampling technique. Interviews were conducted with 90 heads of households from a total population of 483 heads of households. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from various documents of related institutions that is considered to be competent. The results of study showed that based on the results of interpolation the depth of floods affected by flooding was in most of the eastern part of the study with a maximum depth of 1.5 meters. Various factors can cause flooding, such as lower topographic conditions, river narrowing, drainage clogging and blockage of river channels which causes obstruction of river flow flowing to the main outlet. The results of this study also showed that higher socioeconomic vulnerability was found at the low predominant level of education, namely elementary school level (40.42%) and elements of the vulnerable population due to old age and children as much as 30.09%. Meanwhile, other research findings related to physical vulnerability, showed that the high level of physical aspect vulnerability was 32 buildings, the moderate level of physical vulnerability was 43 buildings, and the low level vulnerability was 25 buildings. Keywords: Urban community, socioeconomic vulnerability, physical vulnerability, flood hazarrd
Fenomena Deindustrialisasi di Kota Tangerang dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya Reza Septian Pradana
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 4 No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v4i1.93

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena deindustrialisasi di Kota Tangerang dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adanya fenomena deindustrialisasi di Kota Tangerang yang ditandai dengan penurunan peran sektor industri terhadap perekonomian Kota Tangerang selama periode 2010-2018. Hasil estimasi dengan analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa keterbukaan ekonomi secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap peran sektor industri terhadap perekonomian Kota Tangerang. Sebaliknya, proporsi investasi dan tingkat harga secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap peran sektor industri terhadap perekonomian Kota Tangerang. Dengan demikian, diperlukan upaya peningkatan keterbukaan ekonomi melalui kegiatan ekspor dan impor, peningkatan investasi non bangunan, dan pengendalian tingkat harga untuk mengatasi fenomena deindustrialisasi di Kota Tangerang. Kata kunci: deindustrialisasi, investasi, keterbukaan ekonomi, tingkat harga ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze phenomenon of deindustrialization in Tangerang City and influencing factors. This study uses multiple regression analysis. The result of analysis shows that phenomenon of deindustrialization is occured in Tangerang City which is showed by decreasing of industry sector’s share to the economy of Tangerang City during period 2010-2018. The result of estimation by using multiple regression analysis shows that economic openness significantly give positive influence to share of industry sector to the economy of Tangerang City. While, share of investment and price level significantly give negative influence to share of industry sector to the economy of Tangerang City. So, the effort to increase economic openness through export and import activity, increase non-building investment, and control price level to handle the phenomenon of deindustrialization in Tangerang City. Keyword: deindustrialization, economic openness, investment, price level
Kajian Penerapan Prinsip Good Governance Pemerintah Kabupaten Lebak Iman Amanda Permatasari
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 4 No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v4i1.99

Abstract

Puluhan dari 340 desa di Kabupaten Lebak masih dikatakan tertinggal. Bahkan, 50% desa miskin terbanyak di Provinsi Banten berada di Kabupaten Lebak. Namun, Kabupaten Lebak kini telah berusaha melepas predikat tersebut. Secara bertahap Kabupaten Lebak Banten sudah dua kali menerima penghargaan dalam Kinerja dan Tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui good governance dalam tata kelola pemerintahan Kabupaten Lebak di bawah kepemimpinan Iti Octavia. Temuan dalam penelitian ini bahwa tata kelola pemerintahan kabupaten Lebak dipimpin oleh Iti Octavia sudah berjalan dengan baik. Good governance terdiri dari beberapa prinsip, yaitu: partisipasi, penegakan hukum, transparansi, orientasi konsensus, daya tanggap, keadilan, visi strategis, akuntabilitas, efektifitas dan efesiensi, mampu dipenuhi oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Lebak. Pemenuhan kesembilan prinsip ini membuktikan bahwa Pemkab Lebak memang berhak mendapatkan penghargaan terkait kinerja dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Paper ini dapat menjadi model dan bahan evaluasi bagi pemerintah lain dalam penerapan prinsip good governance. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, kajian ini perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan perbandingan dengan pemerintah lain untuk mengukur keberhasilan penerapan prinsip good governance di ranah pemerintah lokal. Kata kunci: Good Governance, Pemkab Lebak, dan Kinerja Pemerintah ABSTRACT Tens of villages out of 340 villages in Lebak Regency were still said to be lagging behind. In fact, 50% of the poorest villages in Banten Province are in Lebak Regency. However, Lebak Regency has now tried to release the predicate. Gradually, the Lebak Regency of Banten has twice received awards in Performance and Good Governance. The purpose of this study was to determine good governance in governance in the Lebak Regency under the leadership of Iti Octavia. The findings in this study are that the governance of the Lebak district led by Iti Octavia has been going well. Good governance consists of several principles, namely: participation, law enforcement, transparency, consensus orientation, responsiveness, justice, strategic vision, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, able to be fulfilled by the Lebak Regency Government. Fulfilling these nine principles proves that the Lebak Regency Government is indeed entitled to receive awards related to performance and good governance. This paper can be a model and evaluation material for other governments in applying the principles of good governance. This study needs to be done through a comparative approach with other governments to measure the success of the application of the principles of good governance in the realm of local government. Keywords: Good Governance, Lebak Regency Government, and Government Performance
Penyederhanaan Struktur Birokrasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Perspektif Teoretis dan Empiris Pada Kebijakan Penghapusan Eselon III dan IV Mochamad Nurhestitunggal; M Muhlisin
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 4 No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v4i1.100

Abstract

ABSTRAK Pelaksanaan grand design reformasi birokrasi, sampai dengan roadmap kedua, memang telah mencapai banyak hal. Namun demikian, tidak tercapainya indikator yang mencerminkan kapabilitas birokrasi, menunjukkan masih ada yang kurang dari pelaksanaan reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia. Masih terdapat permasalahan kelembagaan, budaya organisasi, profesionalisme SDM aparatur, tata laksana dan etika dalam pelayanan publik. Kajian ini sebagai upaya mengisi gap dalam literatur reformasi sektor publik di Indonesia, dari perspektif teoretis dan empiris, mengenai perlunya penyederhanaan struktur birokrasi yang dibahas melalui metode studi pustaka. Penyederhanaan struktur birokrasi, secara teroretis, diperlukan karena karakteristik yang terlalu birokratis sudah tidak sejalan dengan paradigma administrasi publik dan periode reformasi tata kelola sektor publik terkini, di samping karena desentralisasi. Secara empiris, penyederhanaan struktur birokrasi diperlukan karena menghambat peningkatan profesionalitas aparatur yang terlihat dari gejala bluffocracy dan consultocracy. Kata kunci: reformasi birokrasi, desentralisasi, paradigma adminsistrasi publik, profesionalitas aparatur ABSTRACT The implementation of the grand design for bureaucratic reform, up to the second roadmap, has indeed achieved many things. However, the failure to achieve indicators that reflect the capabilities of the bureaucracy, shows that there is still something lacking in the implementation of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. There are still institutional problems, organizational culture, professionalism of human resources, govern ance and ethics in public services. This study is an attempt to fill gaps in the literature on public sector reform in Indonesia, from a theoretical and empirical perspective, regarding the need to simplify the bureaucratic structure discussed through the literature study method. Simplification of the bureaucratic structure, from the theoretical perspectives, is necessary because too bureaucratic characteristics are not in line with the recent paradigm of public administration and the current period of public sector governance reform, in addition to decentralization. Empirically, simplification of the bureaucratic structure is needed because it impedes professionalism of the apparatus indicated by the symptoms of bluffocracy and consultocracy. Keywords: bureaucratic reformation, decentralization, public administration paradigm apparatus professionalism

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