Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Pembuatan zat warna alami dalam bentuk serbuk untuk mendukung industri batik di Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Paryanto Paryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Endang Kwartiningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Endang Mastuti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 1 (2012): Volume 6, Number 1, 2012 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.2454
<![CDATA[Synthetic dyes are very practical to use and can lead to a striking color on the products. However, synthetic dye effluent may pollute the environment. For this reason, currently natural dyes have been used again for coloring. In order to ease the use of natural dyes, the liquid form of the dyes is dried into powder. In the present study, natural dyes extracted from kesumba seeds were dried using a spray dryer to form a powder. The Kesumba dye was extracted in an alkaline solutions of NaOH and Ca(OH)2. Drying was carried out with a feed having an average rate of 0.13 ml/sec at a temperature of 70°C. Meanwhile, dryer temperature was 120°C. Experimental results showed that extraction using NaOH solution offered better results than that using Ca(OH)2 solution. The extraction using NaOH solution was optimum at NaOH concentration of 0.4 M, temperature of 90°C and duration of 180 min. With this condition, the resulting powder was 19.6 g/L extract solution.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi simulasi pada unit reformer primer di PT Pupuk Sriwidjaya Palembang ]]>
<![CDATA[Sigit Abdurrakhman]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutijan Sutijan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muslikhin Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Volume 6, Number 2, 2012 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4693
<![CDATA[Ammonia plant is the main part of fertilizer industry. Primary reformer is an unit operation where catalytic reaction between steam and methane take place, or it is known as steam methane reforming. The main raw material is steam (H2O) and natural gas with major content of methane (CH4). The objective of this research was to develop primary reformer unit process model to calculate temperature, pressure and composition profiles for steady state operation according to operating condition on Ammonia III plant in PT Pupuk Sriwidjaya Palembang.The assumption used was plug flow model both on the furnace side and on the catalytic reactor side for steady state conditions. The ordinary differential equations were solved using Runge Kutta method with Scilab software to get the conversion, pressure and temperature profiles on primary reformer. Variabels evaluated were temperature, pressure, and composition.The simulation result showed that an average error of 3.94 % compared to the operational plant data. For various operating conditions this simulation showed an average error of 7.01 %.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetika reaksi polimerisasi urea-asetaldehid dalam proses enkapsulasi urea ]]>
<![CDATA[Indah Purnamasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi Rochmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hary Sulistyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Volume 6, Number 2, 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4694
<![CDATA[The function of urea encapsulation is to control its release in water, thus increasing effectiveness of using urea and reducing environmental pollution. Microcapsule shell is formed directly on the surface of urea particles called in-situ polymerization. This research aimed to study the kinetics of the polymerization reaction of urea and acetaldehyde in the urea encapsulation process.Urea and acetaldehyde in the ratio of 1:1.2 mol/mol were placed in an erlenmeyer equipped with a thermometer and cooler. The reaction was run for 2 hours in erlenmeyer and sample was taken every 20 minutes. The amount of remaining acetaldehyde was determined by sodium sulfite method and grain size was measured by optical microscope and image pro software. Variables investigated were reaction temperatures (5 - 15°C), particle sizes (14, 18, and 25 mesh), and pH (2 - 4). Reaction rate and diffusivity constants were determined through fitting the experimental data and proposed model.The results showed that the higher temperature and grain size, the higher conversion was. Lower pH (more acid) provides higher conversion but urea particle was seen slightly swelling during the reaction, and also slightly sticky. Addition reaction was much faster than condensation reaction. The proposed reaction kinetics model fitted reasonably well to the experimental data. The process was best conducted at 15°C, 14 mesh, pH 4 and 120 minutes time of reaction which result in 63.38% conversion. Polymer product of urea-acetaldehyde obtained at this condition was slightly harder than that at other conditions.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi tekno-ekonomi pemurnian biogas dari limbah domestik ]]>
<![CDATA[Akhwari Wahyu P]]>;
<![CDATA[Moh Fahrurrozi]]>;
<![CDATA[Muslikhin Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Volume 6, Number 2, 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4695
<![CDATA[Biogas purification can increase the caloric value of combustion and prevent corrosion. Biogas with 95% of methane is similar to pipeline quality natural gas. The objective of this research was to study technical and economical feasibility of biogas purification and also to estimate gas production cost and scale up capacities.This research used the secondary data from pilot plant of Biogas of Pasar Induk Buah dan Sayuran Gemah Ripah, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This research was to obtain the production cost and scale up capacities for each biogas purification method. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the influence of gas composition ranged at 30-70% CH4 toward the flow of absorbent to gas ratio, the price of waste changed from decreasing 100% up to increasing 100% and the finance changed ranged at 0-15% to the change of production cost.The result showed that water scrubber was the cheapest method for scrubbing impurities. The production cost of scale up capacities compared to the price of pipeline quality natural gas which ranged at 6-10 US$/MMBtu. The minimum capacity of economical biogas purification methods was 100 tons waste/day. The influence of gas composition ranged at 30-70% of CH4 produced the L/G value change in the absorber column ranged at 0,005-0,025; the influence of waste price from decreasing and up to increasing 100% and finances from 0-15% produced the production cost change ranged at 3-8 US$/MMBtu and 2-14 US$/MMBtu respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Life cycle assessment pabrik semen PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. pabrik Cilacap: komparasi antara bahan bakar batubara dengan biomassa ]]>
<![CDATA[Taufan Ratri Harjanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Moh. Fahrurrozi]]>;
<![CDATA[I Made Bendiyasa]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Volume 6, Number 2, 2012 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4696
<![CDATA[Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Cilacap having capacity of 2.6 million ton/year uses rice husk as alternative fuels. The utilization of the rice husk will effect the environment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of biomass utilization to environment using life cycle assessment (LCA) method.The “cradle to gate” approach was used to evaluate four scenarios of different fuel combinations: (1) 100% coal, (2) mixed fuel of 90% coal and 10% biomass, (3) mixed fuel of 50% coal and 50% biomass, (4) 100% biomass as primary fuels in the kiln for 1000 kg cement. Evaluation of environment impact related to each scenario was using ISO 14040 (2006) that consists of: (1) goal definition and scoping, (2) inventory analysis, (3) impact assessment, and (4) interpretation.Results showed by contribution analysis, the scenario 1, 2, 3, and 4, give 2.78 x10-1 Pt, 2.24 x10-1Pt, 1.57 x10-1Pt, and 8.50 x10-2 Pt respectively. It was also found that the global warming, respiratory inorganic and resources give significant impacts to the environment. It is suggested to replace silica tranportation using train, to utilize miscanthus giganteus and to grow plants or reforestry.]]>
<![CDATA[Karakterisasi dan laju pembakaran biobriket campuran sampah organik dan bungkil jarak (Jatropha curcas L.) ]]>
<![CDATA[Eddy Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi Budi Sediawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muslikhin Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Volume 6, Number 2, 2012 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4697
<![CDATA[The potential of biomass municipal waste and jatropha cakes is abundant, but has not been utilized. These materials can be converted into biobriquette via pyrolisis, which can be used as alternative fuel. Tar and tapioca adhesive were applied for the binder.In this study, briquettes with the mass fraction of jatropha cakes of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were used. Research was done by performing carbonization, screening (35 mesh), mixing raw materials (municipal waste, jatropha cakes, tapioca adhesive and tar adhesive) and pressing at 1 kg/cm². Briquettes were then analyzed for compressive strengh, heating value, the moisture content, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon. The combustion of the briquette was undertaken to study the rate of combustion.Mathematical model showed that the rate of combustion of the briquette with composition of municipal waste and jatropha oil cakes (25% : 75%) with adhesive tar was faster. Briquettes with adhesive tar produce smoke when burned, while briquettes with tapioca adhesive is smoke-free. Therefore it is more preferable. The proposed mathematical model describes the rate of combustion of the briquette well. The kinetic parameter of the rate of combustion were also obtained.]]>
<![CDATA[Coating in primary reformer’s radiant section ]]>
<![CDATA[Baskara Aji Nugraha]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 1 (2013): Volume 7, Number 1, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4939
<![CDATA[Kaltim Parna Industri, (KPI), experienced severe fouling on the flue gas side of the coil heat exchangers. This happened on the outer tube side, which some were finned tubes. Although the cause had not clearly been identified, laboratory analysis indicated that the fouling had similar composition with the firebrick. Therefore, preliminary assumption of what causes the problem was firebrick erosion that was carried away by flue gas flow.In order to completely eliminate fouling source and hopefully to reduce cleaning frequency, we planned to coat combustion chamber with special high temperature resistance coating.The result was promising that the material was stable against high temperature and even further helped the operation.]]>
<![CDATA[Aplikasi analisis pinch untuk menurunkan konsumsi steam di bagian process house pabrik gula ]]>
<![CDATA[Daniyanto Daniyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Fathurrahman Rifai]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 1 (2013): Volume 7, Number 1, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4940
<![CDATA[The energy efficiency of sugar factory can be indicated by variable steam on cane (SOC). SOC is defined as weight of steam consumption per weight of crushed cane. The smaller the SOC, the energy efficiency of sugar mills is better. The main source of fuel in sugar mill is bagasse. The sugar factory will be efficient if SOC is less than 50%. If SOC value is more than 50%, it will cause additional fuel other than bagasse. If SOC is less than 40%, the cane sugar mill can do cogeneration and produce electricity for sale. This study aims to reduce SOC by reducing steam consumption in the process house through configuration process innovation with pinch analysis.The results showed that pinch analysis could be used to reduce steam consumption in sugar mill. Utilization of steam from evaporator could reduce steam consumption in the process house. The change in process configuration could provide SOC decrease by 8.8% from its former state. Steam produced by evaporator 2 could be used as heat source for heater 1 and heater 2, meanwhile steam produced by evaporator 1 as a heat source for vacuum pan. Exhaust steam could be used only for heater 3 and vacuum pan.]]>
<![CDATA[Modifikasi mekanisme koufopanos pada kinetika reaksi pirolisis ampas tebu (bagasse) ]]>
<![CDATA[Emi Erawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi Budi Sediawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Panut Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 1 (2013): Volume 7, Number 1, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4941
<![CDATA[Bagasse is a side product of sugar cane extraction. A sugar factory produces bagasse of about 13% from the total cane milled. According to the data from BPPS (1999-2007) the total bagasse produced is about two million tons. The aim of this study is to determine the value of activation energy and pre-exponential factor of pyrolysis kinetics of sugar cane bagasse. Pyrolysis had been carried out in a reactor made of steel pipe type 5737 with a dimension of 7.62 cm dia and of 37 cm long.The reactor was inserted into a furnace with a diameter of 15.24 cm and a length of 40 cm. One hundred and fifty grams of bagasse had been added into the reactor without the presence of oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Pyrolysis had been carried out at the particle size of (-20+25) mesh, (-25+30) mesh, (-30+35) mesh, (-35+40) mesh, and -40 mesh and heating rate of 100, 105, 115, and 120 volt.Modification of Koufopanos mechanism described four reaction steps, namely the reaction to produce intermediate product and further reaction in which intermediate product converted into gas, bio-oil, and char product was the most appropriate reaction model. From the modified model the activation energy E1, E2, E3, and E4 was 8,750.48; 2,350.7 ; 11,080.97 ; and 6,625.49 J/mol, respectively, while the pre-exponential factor A1, A2, A3, and A4 was 9.20x10-3 ; 2.13x10-2 ; 1.67 ; and 2.31 second, respectively for various size particles and heating rates.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi pemanfaatan condensate outlet steam trap sebagai air umpan boiler di Pabrik Amoniak Pusri-IB ]]>
<![CDATA[Alfa Widyawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ferlyn Fachlevie]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 1 (2013): Volume 7, Number 1, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4942
<![CDATA[As ammonia and urea producer, PT. Pusri consumes a lot of steam, which is used as raw material in ammonia plant, as well as heating medium and turbine driving agent. Steam pressure used in the P-IB Ammonia plant varies from 3.5 to 123 kg/cm2gauge. Distribution system of steam piping to the equipments causes heat loss to the environment. This leads to the production of steam condensate flowing along the pipe. The steam condensate from the pipe (through the steam trap) is directly discharged into the sewer. The present study aimed to determine the rate of steam condensation and to elaborate an economic feasibility to utilize the condensate as boiler feed water in the Ammonia plant P-IB.Calculation of heat transfer in the pipes was based on the principles of conduction, convection and radiation. The rate of steam condensation was calculated with steam pressure variation from 3.5 to 123 kg/cm2gauge, pipe diameter from 4 to 20-inch and insulation thickness of 1 to 4 inches. The rate of condensation was expressed in a mathematical equation and was a function of insulation thickness and diameter of pipe.The results showed that the rate of steam condensation rised as steam pressure and pipe diameter increased and insulation thickness decreased. Operating cost reduced if the steam condensate was used as boiler feed water replacing demineralized water. This also caused reduction of fuel consumption and therefore resulted in simple payback period of 0.9 years.]]>
