Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Pengolahan gas CO2 hasil samping industri amoniak melalui gasifikasi batubara yang telah dipirolisis dengan menambahkan Ca(OH)2 ]]>
<![CDATA[Saripah sobah]]>;
<![CDATA[Hary Sulistyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Syamsiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 1 (2013): Volume 7, Number 1, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4943
<![CDATA[CO2 is one of the greenhouse gases that is considered to cause global warming. Ammonia industry produces emission gas of CO2 in relatively great amount with an emission factor of 3.273 ton CO2/ton ammonia. One of the attempts to reduce CO2 gas emissions is by converting CO2 into syngas (CO) through gasification process. CO is one of the methanol feedstock. This research aimed to find out the amount of CO2 that can be reduced through charcoal gasification process. The reaction of carbon from coal can be reduced through the gasification process. Since the carbon reaction from coal with CO2 gas in the gasification process was an endothermic and occured very slowly at temperatures below 1000°C, Ca(OH) 2 was used as a catalyst. The coal gasification process was conducted in a fixed bed reactor. The experimental results showed that coal gasification with the use of Ca(OH) 2 in the pyrolysis process could reduce CO2 levels by 63.17%, meanwhile without Ca(OH) 2, the CO2 could be reduced only up to 35.2%.]]>
<![CDATA[Pelepasan lambat (slow release) diazinon dari mikrokapsul melamin urea formaldehid ]]>
<![CDATA[Retno Sulistyo Dhamar Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi Rochmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Supranto Supranto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 2 (2013): Volume 7, Number 2, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4949
<![CDATA[The basic concept of slow release is to control the active ingredient release from microcapsules by means of coating made from either water-insoluble, semi permeable or porous permeable materials. By designing microcapsules wall thickness, the diffusion rate of active ingredient can be controlled. Microcapsules containing diazinon pesticides as a core material have been prepared by in-situ polymerization using melamin urea formaldehyde prepolymer as the wall material. The polymerization had been done at 50 °C and pH 3, with homogenization time of 30 minutes, and microencapsulation time of 2 hours.To measure pesticide release rate, a number of Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF) microcapsules were soaked in aquadest at various pH and microcapsules wall thicknesses. In this study, the diameter of MUF microcapsules ranged from 50 to 160 μm. Without surfactant addition, the microcapsule wall thickness was 13.8 μm, but by adding SDS and PVA the wall thickness of microcapsule decreased by 45% i.e. around 7.55 μm. For microcapsules with wall thickness of 13.8 μm, the pesticide releasing rate ranged from 0.52 x 10-6 to 1.69 x 10-6 mg/cm2·s. On the other side, the microcapsules with wall thickness of 7.55 μm the pesticide releasing rate dramatically increased by 74% ranged from 0.66 x 10-6 to 3.4 x 10-6 mg/cm2·s.]]>
<![CDATA[Prediksi kesetimbangan adsorpsi uranium pada air dan sedimen pada berbagai pH ]]>
<![CDATA[Jasmi Budi Utami]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi Budi Sediawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Bardi Murachman]]>;
<![CDATA[Gede Sutresna Wijaya]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 2 (2013): Volume 7, Number 2, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4950
<![CDATA[Activities involving uranium as nuclear fuel has potentially polluted the environment. Since uranium is a toxic and radioactive heavy metal, it is necessary to identify its distribution in nature. This study aims to define uranium adsorption equilibrium model in water and sediment. The model is also supposed to be appropriate for various pH of water.Experiments were performed in a batch system. One hundred mL of waste water for National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) containing uranium was placed in an erlenmeyer flask and the pH was varied at 3, 5, 7, or 9. Soil was used as adsorbent. The process was shaken at 100 rpm for six hours and then was left for 24 hours to reach the equilibrium. The resulting filtrate was filtered and analyzed using a spectrophotometer.Five different isotherm equilibrium models were proposed in order to fit the equilibrium experimental data. It was found that Chapman equilibrium could fit the data more thoroughly than the other models. From the calculation, it was known that UO22+ parameter values of α, β, γ were 25 mg/g-soil, 2,3 l/mg, and 18,1 respectively, while for (UO2)3(OH)7- were 19 mg/g, 0,095 l/mg, and 3,4 respectively. It is expected that this research will be useful as supporting data for environment impact analysis in nuclear power plants development.]]>
<![CDATA[Pembuatan dan karakterisasi sabun susu dengan proses dingin ]]>
<![CDATA[Diah S. Retnowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Andri C. Kumoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratnawati Ratnawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Catarina S. Budiyati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 2 (2013): Volume 7, Number 2, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4951
<![CDATA[In this research, cold process was chosen to make soap from lye (NaOH solution) and mixture of palm, coconut, castor, and canola oils with certain ratio. This conducted research is to study the effect of palm to canola oil mass ratio and citric acid concentration on pH, hardness, foaming capacity and the cleansing power of the soap. The soap formation was first conducted by dissolving NaOH in the milk with certain concentration sufficient for the oil mixture saponification.The solution and citric acid solution were then added to the oil mixture and was stirred at 400 rpm. After trace occurred, the mixture was transferred to a mold and then was put in an open space for 24 hours. The soap was taken out from the mold and was cured for 4 weeks. The hardness, pH, the foaming capacity, and the cleansing power of the resulted soap were analyzed. The result show that the addition of 2% of citric acid reduces the pH of the soap from 10.2 to 9.8, the hardness, the foaming capacity, and the cleansing ability of the soap. The variation of the ratio of the mass of coconut to canola oil from 0.5 to 2 affects only the hardness of the soap.]]>
<![CDATA[Pewarnaan bahan tekstil dengan menggunakan ekstrak kayu nangka dan teknik pewarnaannya untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal ]]>
<![CDATA[Ainur Rosyida]]>;
<![CDATA[Anik Zulfiya]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 2 (2013): Volume 7, Number 2, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4952
<![CDATA[This research aims to find a new plant that can be used as textile natural dye substance and the colour it produced. It also purposes to find coloration method of natural fabric by natural dye substance from jackfruit wood exstract to gain the optimum result.Dye solvent obtained by extracting jackfruit wood. Coloration system used exhaustion by jigger machine which included some steps namely : cotton fabric was impregnated into jackfruit wood extract in room temperature during 30 minutes, then electrolyte and coloration addition during 45 minutes. The next step was acid/base addition to get appropriate pH and coloration continued about 30 minutes in room temperature. Futhermore fabric was squeezed and fixated during 15 minutes in room temperature, the last step was fabric washing.Based on the research result, jackfruit wood extract can be used for coloring natural fibers (cotton fabric) of textile material into yellow and brown. Final result of coloring depends on fixator used but the color direction depends on pH used in coloration.The coloration method used shows that it gives optimum result because it produces smooth, permanent and dark colour as well. The result of faded tenacity caused by washing and incitement shows good value, it is 4-5. It proves that jackfruit wood extract can be used as fabric dye substance.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetika reaksi esterifikasi palm fatty acid distilate (PFAD) menjadi biodiesel dengan katalis zeolit-zirkonia tersulfatasi ]]>
<![CDATA[Masduki Masduki]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutijan Sutijan]]>;
<![CDATA[Arief Budiman]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7 No 2 (2013): Volume 7, Number 2, 2013 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4953
<![CDATA[Energy crisis due to depletion of crude oil resources has been a motivation for alternative energy search. Biodiesel becomes a potential among other alternative energy sources. However, large scale biodiesel production is hampered by the raw materials which become expensive and tent to compete with the source of food needs. Therefore, a search for an alternative inexpensive raw material is necessary. Palm fatty acid distilate (PFAD) is one of alternative raw materials can be utilized. The present work objective was to investigate reaction kinetics of PFAD esterification for biodiesel with zirconium sulphated zeolite as catalyst.PFAD as a source of fatty acid underwent esterification to produce biodiesel in a three necked flask equiped with heater, stirrer and reflux condensor. In order to study the reaction kinetics, samples were collected consecutively every 10 minutes and the conversion of the fatty acid in each sample was determined. Here, two esterification reaction models were proposed i.e. pseudo-homogeneous first order reaction model and heterogeneous catalytic reaction model.The results showed that calculated conversion for both proposed models were in a good agreement with the experimental data. The pseudo homogeneous reaction model has an activation energy of 11.60 kJ/mole and a pre-exponential factor of 5.82×1016 s-1. Whereas, the heterogeneous reaction model has an activation energy of 950.46 kJ/mole and pre-exponential factor of 4.11×1010 dm6.g cat-1.mol-1.s-1. The maximum conversion of 75.68% was obtained at 80 minute reaction time, at 65°C with the use of 3% catalyst and a PFAD:methanol molar ratio of 1:10.]]>
<![CDATA[Review model dan parameter interaksi pada korelasi kesetimbangan uap-cair dan cair-cair sistem etanol (1) + air (2) + ionic liquids (3) dalam pemurnian bioetanol ]]>
<![CDATA[Dhoni Hartanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Bayu Triwibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8 No 1 (2014): Volume 8, Number 1, 2014 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.5017
<![CDATA[Bioethanol is a promising renewable energy resource which can substitute non-renewable energy such as fossil-fuel. Ethanol and water produce azeotropic point in atmospheric pressure condition which can not be separated by ordinary distillation. New class of eco-friendly compounds to be used as entrainer are known as ionic liquids. These ionic liquids are used experimentally in extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction. Many researches have been conducted in ethanol (1) + water (2) + ionic liquids (3) systems including vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE). These researches also produce binary interaction paramaters obtained from equilibrium data correlation using Nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), Electrolyte-nonrandom two-liquid (e-NRTL), Universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC), and Antoine equation. UNIQUAC Functional-group activity coefficients (UNIFAQ) was also used to predict the equilibrium data. Models and binary interaction parameters were used for design, optimization, and control of extractive distillation column and liquid-liquid extraction in bioethanol purification. This paper provides a critical review of models and binary interaction parameters for 43 ethanol (1) + water (2) + ionic liquids (3) systems to obtain appropriate models and binary interaction parameters. Generally, NRTL is the most frequent used model, it is used in 40 systems. NRTL provides satisfactory results in vapor-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium data correlation due to its characteristics which can correlate well in low pressure polar system. It is shown by small number of root mean square deviation (RMSD) for ∆y and ∆T and average relative deviation (ARD). It can also fit equilibrium data behavior with a good agreement.]]>
<![CDATA[Kitosan dari limbah udang sebagai bahan pengawet ayam goreng ]]>
<![CDATA[Ratna Sri Harjanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8 No 1 (2014): Volume 8, Number 1, 2014 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.5018
<![CDATA[Shrimp industries have to deal with shell solid waste. On the other hand, this shell solid waste can be utilized to produce citin and citosan. One of the beneficiations of citosan is for food preservation. This ability is based on the existence of poly cation with positive charge that is responsible for the inhibition of bacteria growth. In this study, NaOH was varied to produce citosan from shrimp shell resulting rendemen and deasetilation degree. Deproteination of the shrimp shell was done using NaOH (3,5% b/v) for 2 hours, at temperature of 65°C, while demineralization was conducted using HCl 1 N (1 gram of sample: 15 mL of HCl) for 1 hour at room temperature. Deasetilation was done by heating citin in NaOH with concentration of 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% b/v for 4 hours at temperature of 100°C. Further, observation on the ability of resulted citosan as food preservation was conducted. Chicken meat was choosen as sample to represent the abundance restaurants selling these product. It has been found that citosan from shrimp shell solid waste can be utilized as food preservation agent for chicken meat without changing the taste and texture of the meat. The optimum condition is 45 minutes with citosan concentration of 2% with deasetilation degree of 70,34%.]]>
<![CDATA[Enzymatic hydrolysis of sorghum bagasse to readily fermentable sugar for bioethanol ]]>
<![CDATA[Soeprijanto Soeprijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Katherin Indriawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurlita Abdulgani]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8 No 1 (2014): Volume 8, Number 1, 2014 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/rekpros.5019
<![CDATA[Production of sugar from sorghum bagasse using enzyme of cellulase and cellobiase in a batch culture was conducted. The purpose of this experiment was to study of the effect of sorghum baggase loadings and lime pretreatment time on production and yield of sugar. Lime pretreatment was carried out in a 1000 ml three-neck flask with a lime loading of 0.1 g Ca(OH)2 /g sorghum bagasse and added with 500 ml distilled water. Effects of pretreatment time course (1, 2, 3, and 4 h) at temperature of 100°C and biomass loading (5, 10, 15 % w/v) were observed to produce sugar. The results showed that maximum concentration of sugar obtained was 28.04 g/l with a pretreatment time of 4 h; and the maximum yield of sugar obtained was 0.4 g glucose/ g biomass with a biomass loading of 5% (w/v).]]>
<![CDATA[Pemanfaatan abu sekam padi pada ozonisasi minyak goreng bekas untuk menghasilkan biodiesel ]]>
<![CDATA[Lieke Riadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Lanny Sapei]]>;
<![CDATA[Yosephine Kristiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Octovania Sugianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8 No 1 (2014): Volume 8, Number 1, 2014 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.5020
<![CDATA[Biodiesel is one of the alternatives for the shortage of fossil fuel. In this experiment biodiesel from waste cooking oil which is made using an ozonation process was studied. The process is energy extensive and environmentally friendly because of the use waste cooking oil as a raw material and the experiment was carried out at low reaction temperature which is room temperature. Waste cooking oil was reacted with methanol, KOH as the base catalyst, and ozone that was continually flowed into a stirred reactor at 30oC and atmospheric pressure. The effect of rice hulk ash addition as the supporting catalyst on methyl esters concentrations was observed in this experiment. Two different types of ashes were used, namely black (heating at 350oC) and white (heating at 750oC) with the concentrations of 0.5; 1; 1.5% (w/w). Methyl esters products were characterized using GC apparatus for Short Chain Methyl Ester (SCME) and Long Chain Methyl Ester (LCME) concentrations. They were also analyzed in terms of density and viscosity. The ashes were characterized by XRD and BET. The highest amount of SCME was achieved at the white ash concentration of 1.5%. However, the ash additions seemed not significant on the LCME production. Thus, the white ash was more useful as a supporting catalyst than the black one.]]>
