Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Pengaruh kadar air umpan dan rasio C/N pada produksi biogas dari sampah organik pasar ]]>
<![CDATA[Zuliyana Zuliyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Sang Kompiang Wirawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiratni Budhijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochim B Cahyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 1 (2015): Volume 9, Number 1, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.24526
<![CDATA[Nowadays, Indonesia is facing serious problem related to the rapid generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and dependence on fossil energy. Converting organic content of MSW into biogas through biological process by mean of anaerobic digester is one of promising proposals to solve the MSW problem. In order to optimize biogas production, this research studies the effect of Total Solid (TS) content and ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) within organic fraction of MSW as raw material for biogas production. The organic fraction of MSW consists of vegetables and fruits waste which originated from traditional market.The experiments using various TS concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%) were conducted in batch reactors. The results showed that TS content of MSW raw material had significant effects on the total volume and CH4 concentration of biogas production. High water content in MSW raw material enhanced the hydrolysis of organic fraction as well as avoided the excessive Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentration which posed the risk of inhibition on the anaerobic process. Based on the results, the TS concentration of 10-15% in the organic MSW would offer an optimum yield of biogas production. In order to examine the effect of C/N ratio, the organic MSW was modified using ZA fertilizer (36, 30, 20 and 10 C/N ratios). The C/N ratios of 20-30 produced high amount biogas and CH4 concentration compared to others. The C/N ratio should be maintained at the optimum value to prevent the accumulation of free ammonia which could cause problems in the anaerobic process.Based on the results, the biogas production from organic MSW would yield the optimum biogas amount and CH4 concentration when the TS concentration and C/N ratio were 10-15% and 20-30, respectively. This outcome would give recommendation on the water addition to the raw organic fraction of MSW and C/N modification when converting the organic fraction of MSW to biogas.]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh konsentrasi polifenol pada produksi asam laktat dari substrat menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae ]]>
<![CDATA[Maulana Gilar Nugraha]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Syamsiah]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Prasetya]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 1 (2015): Volume 9, Number 1, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.24527
<![CDATA[Polyphenol is antioxidant compound naturally present in plants e.g in cacao shell (Thebrema cacao L.). The cacao shell has high cellulose content (30-50%), and therefore it is potential to be converted into various types of products. Cellulose could be hydrolyzed to produce glucose, and glucose could be fermented to become lactic acid. However, polyphenol presence in the cacao shell is suspected to be inhibitory to fermentation process. This research aimed to figure out the polyphenol effect in lactic acid fermentation with glucose as substrate by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Polyphenol concentrations in the fermentation broth were varied with value of 0, 10, 15, and 20 g/L. Along the course of the experiment, lactic acid concentration was measured by means of gravimetric and conductometric method. Fungus growth was measured through dry mass method while consumption of glucose was observed by glucose determination with Nelson-Samogyi method. The results showed that polyphenol presence in fermentation system would decrease lactic acid production from 40.55 g/L (system without polyphenol) to 18.24 g/L (system with 20 g/L polyphenol). Microbe growth inhibition also observed from 3.68 g/L (system without polyphenol) to 0.51 g/L (system with 20 g/L polyphenol). However, polyphenol presence did not affect the total glucose consumption. Final glucose concentrations in all system were about 10.94 to 19.28 g/L. Some possible factors for this phenomenon were glucose conversion to another product and glucose utilization for cell maintenance. This research also found that the best kinetic model to represent the fermentation system was uncompetitive inhibition model.]]>
<![CDATA[Modifikasi sodium lignosulfonat melalui epoksidasi minyak biji kapuk dan penambahan kosurfaktan ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Khoirul Anam]]>;
<![CDATA[Suryo Purwono]]>;
<![CDATA[Supranto Supranto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 2 (2015): Volume 9, Number 2, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31032
<![CDATA[The objective of this research is to reduce the interfacial tension of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS). SLS formulation (1%) showed the interfacial tension of 2.34 mN/m. This value is still relatively large when compared to interfacial tention of required surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The terms of surfactants that can be used in EOR must have ≤10-3 mN/m interfacial tension. The performance of SLS was expected to be improved by adding the epoxide compound and co-surfactants (1-octanol). Epoxide compound was made by reacting kapok oil with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide with in-situ method. Temperature of epoxidation reaction was varied i.e. 60°C, 70°C and 80°C, while the time of reaction was varied from 15 to 90 minutes. The evaluation showed that equation of the reaction rate coefficient (k) for the epoxide was ????= 124,82 exp (−24,14/RT). The addition of the epoxide compound 0.5% w/w of the formulation SLS was able to reduce the interfacial tension value up to 9.95 x 10-2 mN/m. The addition of co-surfactant (1-oktanol) was varied between 0.1 and 0.4% of the total mass (SLS + epoxide + water formation). The lowest interfacial tension (2.43 x 10-3 mN/m) was obtained by co-surfactants addition of 0.2% w/w.]]>
<![CDATA[Pemanfaatan cangkang biji pala sebagai briket dengan proses pirolisis ]]>
<![CDATA[Rukmana Rukmana]]>;
<![CDATA[Suryo Purwono]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 2 (2015): Volume 9, Number 2, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31033
<![CDATA[The abundance of nutmeg seed shells in Tidore is the reason to study the possibility to produce charcoal briquettes. The use of charcoal briquettes was expected to reduce waste of nutmeg seed shell and can be an alternative energy source with a high economic value. This study aims to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and composition of tapioca adhesive to resulting quality of briquettes. The first step of the research was the preparation of nutmeg seed shells consisted of drying and size reduction into less than 20 mesh size. Afterward, the powder was put into furnace and heated to 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 90 minutes. During the process, volume of gas and liquids were measured every 15 minutes, while gas was sampled at 60-minute reaction. When pyrolysis was finished, about 20 g of charcoal was mixed with tapioca adhesive. The compositions of adhesive were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Finally, composite was formed in a cylindrical shape and compressed with hydraulic press at f 3 tons weight for a minute. The briquettes were then dried and analyzed with proximate analysis test. The results show that the highest calorific value was 6717.74 cal/g for material pyrolyzed at 450oC and 20% adhesive. The effect of adhesive on shatter index test showed that increasing composition of adhesive makes a better briquette quality as shown by a lower shatter index. In this study, the minimum weight loss was obtained by the addition of 30% adhesive.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetika reaksi esterifikasi gliserol monoacetin dari gliserol hasil samping industri biodiesel dan asam asetat dengan katalisator lewatit monoplus s-100 ]]>
<![CDATA[Anita Arsyad]]>;
<![CDATA[Hary Sulistyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sarto Sarto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 2 (2015): Volume 9, Number 2, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31034
<![CDATA[Biodiesel is one of the potential candidates for alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. Glycerol is the side product in biodiesel production. To increase the economic value, glycerol can be processed through esterification to produce glycerol monoacetine. Monoacetine is very useful for non-food application such as printing ink, plasticizer, and intermediate material for biodegradable polyester. This research was conducted in batch reactor with variations of reaction temperatures (323 K-343 K), catalyst concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7% w/w of glycerol), and reactant ratios in terms of glycerol and acetate volume ratios (3:1, 5;1, and 7:1). Samples were withdrawn every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes of reaction time and the free fatty acid concentration was measured. Besides, the initial acid concentration and free glycerol in the raw material were also measured. The highest conversion was obtain as much as 63.86% at 343K, 7:1 reactant volume ratio (glycerol: acetic acid), and catalyst concentration of 3% of glycerol weight. The reaction kinetics of glycerol mono acetin production was modeled. Two kinetics models were used, which were pseudo-homogeneous catalytic model and heterogeneous catalytic model. Based on experimental data fitting on the models, it turned out that pseudo-homogeneous model was better representing the esterification of glycerol with Lewatit Monoplus s-100 catalyst.]]>
<![CDATA[Penguraian limbah organik secara aerobik dengan aerasi menggunakan microbubble generator dalam kolam dengan imobilisasi bakteri ]]>
<![CDATA[Riysan Octy Shalindry]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi Rochmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiratni Budhijanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 2 (2015): Volume 9, Number 2, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31035
<![CDATA[The abundance utilization of the water in life can lead to decrease water quality in the earth. To resolve these problems an efficient alternative waste treatment is needed. This research studied the aerobic wastewater treatment using the microbubble generator (MBG) type of porous pipe and orifice as an oxygen supply (aerator) to treat artificial waste in pond of 3m x 3m x 1m dimension. Attached culture growth using pumice as biofilm media was applied. The main focus of this research was the influence of the aeration intensity variation of MBG as the result of liquid flow rate (QL) and air flow rate (QG) combination upon the decrease of organic content measured as sCOD (soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand). The value of QG was varied at 0.0150; 0.0300; and 0.0450 m3/h while QL value was varied at 12, 14, and 16 m3/h. The data obtained were evaluated based on oxygen mass transfer performance represented by the value of kL. The value of kL was used as a reference in determining the best combination of QG and QL for reducing sCOD in aerobic wastewater treatment. From the results of the research, the best combination of QG and QL for aerobic waste treatment was at QG 0.0300 m3/h and QL 14 m3/h (at 0.0450 QG m3/h). Although the research was still exploratory, the obtained trends and numbers were very useful for optimizing the MBG performance.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluasi efek pre-treatment ultrasonik pada proses hidrolisis enzimatis ampas tahu ]]>
<![CDATA[Farlina Hapsari]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiratni Budhijanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9 No 2 (2015): Volume 9, Number 2, 2015 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31036
<![CDATA[Utilization of biomass as alternative energy source is one of the attempts to reduce the dependence on petroleum based energy which is currently still used as the primary energy source. Tofu solid waste is one of the potential biomass sources that have not been fully utilized. Tofu solid waste was mostly comprised of complex molecular structures composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Various techniques of pretreatments have been studied to change the physical structure and chemical properties of the biomass to improve its digestibility in enzymatic hydrolysis process. This research studied the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on tofu solid waste prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis to maximize the conversion of the cellulose into glucose. Ultrasonic pretreatment was conducted by using a water bath equipped with ultrasonic equipment (sonicator) run at the wave frequency of 20 kHz and power of 5 kW. Ultrasonic pretreatment with variations of time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C) were carried out. Following the pretreatment, hydrolysis tests were conducted on pretreated samples using cellulase enzymes in 100 ml batch reactor at 45 oC and pH 5. Samples were taken every 1 hour for 6 hours of the reaction and glucose concentration in every sample was measured. The highest cellulosic conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis was obtained on the biomass which was pretreated with ultrasonic for 20 minutes.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluasi kehandalan reaktor biogas skala rumah tangga di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan metode analisis fault tree ]]>
<![CDATA[Ning Puji Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Syamsiah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sarto Sarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiratni Budhijanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 10 No 1 (2016): Volume 10, Number 1, 2016 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.34421
<![CDATA[Biogas technology is one of the solutions for improving sanitation, environment, economy and energy conservation especially for smallholder farmers who are applying mixed crop and livestock farming. Indonesia Domestic Biogas Programme (BIRU) has been implemented in DIY since 2009. However, the household digesters that operate effectively only accounts for less than 50% of the total existing digesters in 2017. These problems should be identified and analyzed for more effective implementation and efficient operation of small-sized biogas system in the future. This research applied fault tree analysis (FTA) method to identify failures and evaluated their effects on the operation of small-sized biogas based on processes, physical component, and human factor point of view. Fourty-one sets of BIRU biogas were selected and sampled using stratified purposive random sampling method. Nineteen minimal cut set and three subsystems were defined, which included process failures, infrastructure failures, and human errors. The fault probabilities of the three subsystems were found to be 0.79; 0.59; and 0.96, respectively. It implied that human error gave the highest probability of errors, followed by process failure, while the physical structure of the reactor had been sufficiently well controlled. This study suggested that careful selection on prospective users should be conducted prior to installation, to ensure the motivation of the users in maintaining the reactor in good conditions. Besides, trainings and assistance system are also required to improve the skills of the user to maintain the performance of their reactor.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi umpan pada produksi biogas dari limbah cair industri alkohol secara fed batch ]]>
<![CDATA[Dewi Astuti Herawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Argoto Mahayana]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 10 No 1 (2016): Volume 10, Number 1, 2016 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.34422
<![CDATA[Biogas is an alternative energy source that can be renewed as one of the solutions for the scarcity of fossil energy. Liquid waste from industrial bioalcohol production (technically termed as “vinasse”) is potentially one of very promising raw material of biogas. Vinasse has low pH value (4-5), which is not preferable for metanogen. Therefore this study aimed to define the optimum condition for the production of biogas. The variable to be studied in this research was the influence of vinasse to water ratios on the production of biogas in a fed batch reactor. Three ratios of vinasse and water with the ratios of vinasse to water as 1:2 (R1); 1:2.5 (R2); and 1:3 (R3) were studied. As much as 500 mL of raw material was fed to bioreactor with 6 L of cow manure as starter inoculums. The reactor was fed once every three days, with the feed input as much as 500 mL. At the beginning of the process, total solid suspended (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. The volume of biogas was measured every day while the TSS and VSS values were measured once a week. The results showed that the production of biogas at R1 reached 1640.95 ml on day 9 with pH 7, CH4 concentration of 9.89% and CO2 level of 36.93%. The biogas production at R2 on day 20 reached 119.67 mL with a methane content of 15.85%, 43.282% of CO2 level, and pH 5. In R3 the volume biogas generated on day 10 reached 158.24 mL with CH4 content of 35.36%; 35.27% of CO2 level and pH 7. Fed batch system was shown to reduce the effects of inhibitor.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetika kalsinasi seria zirkonia dari proses gelasi eksternal ]]>
<![CDATA[Fera Wahyuningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi Budi Sediawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Teguh Ariyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Widiyati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 10 No 1 (2016): Volume 10, Number 1, 2016 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.34423
<![CDATA[Calcination process is one of the important steps in the synthesis of nuclear fuel particles for High Temperature Reactor (HTR). In this work, the calcination process of Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia (CSZ) was carried out. The aims of the study are to study the kinetic modelling of calcination process of CSZ kernel, to determine the suitable operation condition, and to observe physical characters of the calcined material. The feed of calcination process was material prepared by an external gelation. The calcination was conducted from room temperature to 500 oC with heating rate of 1 and 2 °C/min. CSZ kernel per grain was weighted and the diameter was measured during calcination process, hence determining the weight loss and size change. The results showed that there was a weight loss of kernel during calcination process. When the weight of grain reached a constant value, the process of calcination was considered complete.]]>
