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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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Mastectomy Patients’ Knowledge Level about Breast Lymphedema Prevention Kamil, Abbas Hamid; Mrahib , Ayat Ibrahim; Ali, Ammar Abdulkhaleq
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.159

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a prevalent and debilitating complication following breast cancer treatment, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. Specific Background: Despite its impact, prevention strategies are often underemphasized in post-mastectomy care. Knowledge Gap: Limited patient education and awareness about BCRL preventive measures hinder early intervention. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of mastectomized patients regarding BCRL prevention. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using non-probability sampling at Baqubah Teaching Hospital's Oncology Ward. Data were collected through a structured instrument comprising socio-demographic, clinical, and knowledge-related items and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings revealed a mean knowledge score of 2.26, indicating that the majority of participants had a moderate understanding of BCRL preventive measures. Novelty: This study highlights a critical need for proactive educational interventions targeted at mastectomized patients, emphasizing prevention rather than post-onset management. Implications: Integrating continuous patient education into nursing practice is essential to enhance knowledge and reduce the incidence of BCRL, ultimately improving long-term patient outcomes. Highlights: Early education on lymphedema prevention is crucial post-mastectomy. Most patients demonstrated only moderate knowledge levels. Nurses play a key role in ongoing patient education. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Lymphedema, Prevention, Patient Education, Mastectomy
Prevalence of Endocrinopathies in Beta Thalassemia Major Patients attending Al-Faihaa Specialized Endocrine Center at Al-Basra City Al - Hamdi, Ghasaq K.I.; Issa, Sajjad S. Issa; Mansur, Abbas A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.160

Abstract

Background: Endocrine disorders in patients with thalassemia are one of the most common complications, and the burden of excessive iron overload and suboptimal chelation therapy mainly causes them. The prevalence is very high; however, determining it is almost impossible due to the wide range of heterogeneity among people and the varying times of exposure to chelation agents. Aim: To find out the prevalence of endocrinopathies and their types among patients with Beta-thalassemia major. Patients and Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, in which the data of 172 thalassemia major patients who consulted the AL-Faihaa Specialized Endocrine, Metabolism and Diabetes Center (FSEMD) during the period from the first of September 2008 to the first of July 2017, were analyzed, and the results were obtained. Results: The study showed that out of 172 patients with Beta-thalassemia major, endocrinopathies were reported in 165 (95.9%) of them. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency, secondary Hypoparathyroidism, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and hypogonadism were the commonest endocrine complications. Age of the patient and duration of disease were primary risk factors significantly affecting the prevalence of these complications. Highlights : High Prevalence of Endocrinopathies: 95.9% of Beta-thalassemia major patients had at least one form of endocrine disorder, indicating it as a major complication. Common Types Identified: Growth hormone deficiency, secondary hypoparathyroidism, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and hypogonadism were the most frequent endocrinopathies. Risk Factors: Older age and longer disease duration were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of these endocrine complications. Keywords: Prevalence, Endocrinopathies, Beta Thalassemia Major
Distinct Cytokine Patterns Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: Pola Sitokin yang Berbeda Terkait Dengan Aktivitas Penyakit Artritis Reumatoid Mohammed, Zainab Abd
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.161

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by systemic inflammation and joint destruction, driven in part by dysregulated cytokine activity. Specific Background: Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are central to RA pathogenesis, yet their potential as reliable predictors of disease activity remains underutilized in routine clinical practice. Knowledge Gap: Traditional RA activity markers lack specificity regarding immune pathways, and the diagnostic value of cytokine profiling, especially in relation to sex-based differences, remains unclear. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IFN-γ in RA patients versus healthy controls, and assess their correlation with disease activity. Results: RA patients exhibited significantly elevated IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, and reduced IL-10 (p<0.001). Cytokine levels positively (or inversely for IL-10) correlated with disease activity, with ROC analysis confirming their diagnostic utility. Novelty: The study highlights gender-specific cytokine variations, notably higher IL-6 and lower IL-10 in females, providing insight into sex-based immunopathology. Implications: These findings support cytokine profiling as a promising tool for RA diagnosis and activity monitoring, and underscore the need for personalized, cytokine-targeted therapeutic strategies.Highlight : Cytokine markers predict RA activity – Elevated IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ correlate with disease severity. IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory marker – Lower levels are linked to worse RA outcomes. ROC analysis confirms diagnostic value – IL-6 had the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.91). Keywords : Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, Biomarkers
Thyroid Hormones and Reproductive System Characteristics in Humans and Laboratory Animals Taresh, Ammar Issa
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.162

Abstract

General Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for the development and function of various physiological systems, including the reproductive system, in both humans and animals. Specific Background: Disruptions in TH levels, due to disease or environmental toxicants, have been implicated in fertility issues, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal development. Knowledge Gap: However, comparative data on how thyroid dysfunction affects human versus rodent reproduction remain limited, particularly concerning mechanistic pathways and developmental endpoints. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of thyroid hormone imbalances on the reproductive systems of humans and laboratory animals, focusing on both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Results: Findings show that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism disrupt reproductive hormone balance, gametogenesis, and sexual development, though the severity and pathways differ between species. Animal testing protocols revealed species-specific responses in thyroid hormone metabolism, signaling, and reproductive outcomes. Novelty: The research integrates genomic-nongenomic TH pathways, evaluates reproductive endpoints in endocrine-disruptor assays, and compares species-specific thyroid function. Implications: These findings underscore the importance of refining animal models and screening protocols for better prediction of human reproductive risks, advocating for inclusion of thyroid-sensitive parameters in regulatory toxicity assessments.Highlight : Thyroid hormones play critical roles in reproductive system development in both humans and lab animals. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism significantly affect fertility, menstrual cycles, and hormonal balance. Rodent models offer insights but may not fully replicate human thyroid physiology. Keywords : Thyroid Hormones, Reproduction, Hormone Receptors, Thyroid Dysfunction, Rodent Models
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives Resistance Gene Transfer and Bacterial Adaptation: Review Ali, Shaymaa Mahmood; Tuama, Ammar Adnan
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.163

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health crisis, threatening the efficacy of modern medicine. The gut microbiota, a densely populated microbial ecosystem, plays a critical role in modulating host immunity, metabolism, and resistance to pathogen colonization. Disruption of this microbial balance—gut dysbiosis—creates an environment conducive to the proliferation and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), contributing to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This review explores the molecular and ecological mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis influences AMR and examines therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring microbial homeostasis to combat this pressing challenge. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern, and recent studies have revealed the human gut microbiota as a significant reservoir of resistance genes. Dysbiosis—an imbalance in the composition and function of gut microbiota—can enhance the persistence and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among microbial populations. This review explores the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis to AMR, highlights recent findings on microbial-host interactions, and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota-modulating diets to combat resistance development. Understanding these dynamics is critical for advancing personalized medicine and curbing the spread of drug-resistant infections. Highlights: Dysbiosis Promotes AMR – Gut imbalance helps antibiotic resistance genes spread. Gut as ARG Reservoir – The gut hosts many resistance genes that can transfer between microbes. Therapies Target Microbiota – Probiotics, FMT, and diets may restore balance and fight AMR. Keywords: Gut Microbiota, Antimicrobial Resistance, Dysbiosis, Probiotics, Therapeutic Strategies
Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus sp. on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains Hamood, Ihab Ahmad; Hamad, Shefaa Abas; Salman, Warqaa Latef
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.164

Abstract

Lactobacillus sp. against the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nanoparticles were produced using the bacterial cell-free filtrate, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed using several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirmed the successful synthesis of pure, spherical CuNPs with particle sizes ranging from 40 to 110 nm. The antibacterial potential of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed using the well diffusion method at five concentrations: 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 µg/mL. The concentrations of 1000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL demonstrated notable antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones averaging 12 mm and 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 10 mm and 8 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Highlights: CuNPs were successfully synthesized using Lactobacillus sp. in an eco-friendly method. Particles were spherical, 40–110 nm in size, confirmed by various techniques. Higher concentrations effectively inhibited S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Keywords: Copper Nanoparticles, Lactobacillus sp., Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Immunoglobulin Variations and Risk Factors Linked to Pregnancy Loss Haraj, Mohammed A.Ameer; Al-Mansoori, Mohammed Obaid; Al-Obaidi, Rajwan Jawad
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.166

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the immunological changes, demographic risk factors, and potential correlations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and abortion incidence. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted on 22 participants, analyzing IgG and IgM antibody levels, demographic characteristics, and histological changes across different age groups. Immunological markers, residence patterns, cat contact, and meat consumption were evaluated using statistical analyses. Results: Significant immunological variations were observed: IgG levels escalated from 51.25 IU/ML (healthy individuals) to 310.25 IU/ML (two abortion history), IgM levels demonstrated complex fluctuations across abortion categories, Undercooked meat consumption emerged as the most critical risk factor (OR: 2.5, p=0.001), Cat contact (OR: 1.6, p=0.016) and rural residence (OR: 1.1, p=0.012) were secondary risk factors, Age group 26-30 years demonstrated the highest pregnancy and abortion variability. Conclusions: Toxoplasma gondii infection demonstrates complex immunological responses correlated with abortion history, with dietary and environmental factors significantly influencing infection risk. The study underscores the need for targeted screening and preventive strategies in high-risk populations. Highlights:  IgG levels increase with abortion history; IgM shows variable patterns. Undercooked meat, cat contact, and rural living raise infection risk. Women aged 26–30 show highest variability in pregnancy outcomes. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Immunoglobulins, Abortion, Risk Factors, Seroprevalence
Molecular Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Zoonotic Shigella spp. in Chicken Farms: A Case Study from Diyala Al-Shattrawi, Huda Jihad G.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.167

Abstract

Background: Zoonotic bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains pose a growing global public health concern, particularly through the food chain from poultry to humans. The emergence of resistant Shigella species in poultry farms has heightened the risk of zoonotic transmission and complicates treatment options. Aims: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from poultry, with a focus on their potential for zoonotic transfer and public health impact. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted by searching major scientific databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus) using specific keywords related to Shigella, poultry, antimicrobial resistance, and zoonosis. Selected studies were evaluated for epidemiological data, molecular characterization, and resistance patterns, and data were analyzed qualitatively to identify common themes and gaps. Results: The review identified a notable prevalence of Shigella spp. in poultry farms, with many isolates harboring key virulence genes such as virA, sat, ial, set1A, and set1B. A significant proportion exhibited multidrug resistance, especially against antibiotics like ampicillin and tetracycline, raising concerns about zoonotic transmission and treatment challenges. Novelty: This review is among the first to compile and analyze molecular and resistance profiles of MDR Shigella spp. directly from poultry sources in the Middle East, highlighting their critical zoonotic potential and resistance trends in this region. Implications: The findings emphasize the urgent need for stricter antibiotic stewardship, improved farm biosecurity, and continuous surveillance to monitor and control the spread of resistant Shigella strains from poultry to humans. Such measures are essential to mitigate public health risks and curb the escalation of antimicrobial resistance. Highlights: High MDR Prevalence: Shigella spp. isolated from poultry frequently show resistance to multiple antibiotics, complicating treatment options. Virulence Risk: Presence of virulence genes (e.g., virA, set1A/B) highlights their zoonotic potential and health impact. Regional Insight: This is among the first reviews highlighting MDR Shigella in poultry from the Middle East, filling a key knowledge gap. Keywords: Zoonotic, Shigella spp., Molecular, Chicken Farms, Multi-Drug Resistant
Incidence and Multidrug Resistance of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples in Diyala : Insiden dan Resistensi Multidrug Pseudomonas Aeruginosa yang Diisolasi dari Sampel Klinis di Diyala Mohammed, Enas Ammar; Hassooni, Hanan Raheem; Fadhil, Noor Muneam; AL-Biati, Haeder A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.169

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of immunocompromised individuals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections, particularly in intensive care units and burn wards. This bacterium is characterized by its extreme resistance to antibiotics, which results primarily from the expression of inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase enzymes and the production of efflux pumps, which may be constitutive or inducible. It also has the unique ability to evolve resistance to virtually all available antimicrobials through mutation, in addition to its natural resistance. Objective: The study aimed to identify the most appropriate antibiotics for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospitals. Materials and Methods: 160 clinical samples of burn and wound infections, urinary tract infections, otitis media infections, sputum, blood, and vaginitis and throat infections were collected from patients admitted to Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, outpatient clinics, women’s clinics, and the consulting clinic in the governorate. Diyala, during the period from 3\11/2022 to 15\4/2023. Results: Screening using conventional methods and biochemical tests revealed that (26) isolates (16.25%) were P. aeruginosa. All isolates recorded positive results for both the catalase and oxidase tests, while the results of the IMViC tests in all isolates showed negative results for the methyl red, indole, and Voges-Proskauer tests, and positive results for the citrate consumption test. Susceptibility testing was performed using eight types of antibiotics, and the resistance and sensitivity of the isolates were verified using the standard disk diffusion method (Kirby Power). The resistance rate was 80.76% for ticarcillin, 53.84% for cefepime, 38.46% for ciprofloxacin, 46.15% for piperacillin, 25.92% for amikacin, 30.76% for tobramycin, and 30.23% for imipenem. Conclusion: The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics has increased over time, leading to the emergence of new strains that are classified according to their degree of resistance into: multidrug-resistant strains and extensively resistant strains.Highlight : Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections with high resistance to antibiotics. The study revealed a high incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, especially in wound and ear infections. Ticarcillin and Cefepime showed the highest resistance, while Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic. Keywords : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antibiotic Resistance, Multidrug Resistance, Clinical Samples, Diyala
Effect Crud alkaloids extraction from Nicotina tabacum in same cell line: Efek Ekstraksi alkaloid kasar dari Nicotina tabacum dalam garis sel yang sama abood, Raghad Hussein; Mohammed, Ibrahim Hadi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate some Chemical Detections of Some Compounds Nicotina tabacum in leaves of plant and the effects of the crude alkaloid  extraction  from  Nicotina  tabacum on the proliferation of MCF7  cancer cell line and MEF normal cell line. The Results the plant extraction showing alkaloid , Tannins  and glycoside  .the  effect extract on growth of tumor cell lines MCF7 showed that crude  extract revealed cytotoxicity on different cell line, and this effect depend on concentration and type of cells. The inhibition activity for tumor cell line increase with increase concentration of extract. The higher  inhibition crud  extraction  rate in MCF7  cell line was   % in concentration 15.1  µg\ml  and in 500 µ g\ml was  %,  While in MEF  cell line, the highest inhibition rate was % in 15.1 µ g\ml and   % in concentration 500 µ g\ml. The study shows that crude alkaloids  extract Nicotina tabacum have alkaloid and inhibition cell line and non inhibition normal cell.Highlight : Crude alkaloid extract from Nicotiana tabacum inhibited MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. MEF normal cells showed minimal sensitivity, indicating selective cytotoxicity. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides as active compounds. Keywords : Nicotiana Tabacum, Alkaloids, MCF-7, Cytotoxicity, Selective Inhibition  

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