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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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Isolation and definition of bacteria from fresh common carp Cyprinus carpio L. in Shatt al-Arab River: Isolasi dan definisi bakteri dari ikan mas segar (Cyprinus carpio L.) di Sungai Shatt al-Arab Al- Shammari, Nadia A.H.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.171

Abstract

General Background: Fish, particularly Cyprinus carpio, are vital to global food security and aquaculture economies due to their high protein content and widespread availability. Specific Background: However, these fish can harbor a range of bacterial pathogens, especially in environments like the Shatt al-Arab River, where pollution and aquaculture stressors may exacerbate microbial contamination. Knowledge Gap: There is limited localized data on the bacterial flora present in healthy common carp from this river system, particularly regarding potential human pathogens. Aims: This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial species present in the skin, liver, and intestines of apparently healthy C. carpio from the Shatt al-Arab River. Results: A total of 122 bacterial isolates were identified using phenotypic methods and Vitek II, with Aeromonas hydrophila (13.93%), Vibrio spp. (12.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.29%), and Escherichia coli (11.47%) among the most prevalent. Novelty: The detection of high bacterial incidence in healthy fish, particularly fecal indicators, suggests significant environmental contamination and unrecognized risks to consumers. Implications: These findings underscore the need for improved water quality monitoring and hygienic handling practices in fisheries to prevent potential zoonotic infections and ensure public health safety.Highlight : The study identifies a high prevalence (85%) of bacteria in healthy Cyprinus carpio, highlighting public health risks from contaminated fish. Dominant bacteria included Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating possible fecal contamination. The intestine was the most bacteria-rich organ, suggesting it as a critical site for monitoring bacterial colonization in aquatic species. Keywords : Common carp, Aeromonas Species, Shatt al-Arab River, Gram-Negative Bacterial
Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes: Ekspresi Imunohistokimia P53 pada Subtipe Karsinoma Sel Ginjal Taha, Nour D.; Al-Nuaimy, Wahda M.T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

General Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes approximately 2.2% of global cancer incidences and is predominantly of the clear cell subtype. Specific Background: The tumor suppressor gene p53, frequently mutated in over half of human cancers, plays a critical prognostic role in various malignancies. However, Knowledge Gap: its prognostic significance in RCC remains controversial due to inconsistent findings across histopathological parameters and RCC subtypes. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 in RCC subtypes and its association with clinicopathological parameters including age, sex, laterality, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor stage. Results: Among 65 RCC cases, p53 expression was observed in only 6.2%, confined exclusively to the clear cell subtype, and predominantly in older males with higher tumor grades (III/IV) and early stages (T1–T2). No statistically significant association was found with any examined parameters. Novelty: The study underscores the rarity of p53 expression in RCC and its subtype-specific occurrence, contrasting with previously reported higher expression rates in other populations. Implications: These findings suggest limited prognostic utility of p53 in RCC within this demographic, and highlight the necessity for standardized methodologies and further multicenter studies to clarify p53’s role.Highlight : P53 expression ditemukan hanya pada 6.2% kasus RCC dan seluruhnya dari subtipe clear cell RCC. Tidak ditemukan hubungan statistik signifikan antara ekspresi P53 dan parameter klinikopatologi seperti usia, jenis kelamin, grade, dan stadium. Ekspresi P53 cenderung lebih banyak muncul pada pasien laki-laki berusia ≥55 tahun, grade tinggi (3–4), dan lokasi ginjal kanan. Keywords : P53, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Clear Cell RCC, Clinicopathological Correlation
Nursing Students' Knowledge Regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sekeb, Rawaa Talib; Jumaa, Zainalabideen Yasser; Awad , Kadhim Jameel
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.176

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are a severe health issue. Every year, more than 333 million new cases are recorded around the world, with adolescents being the most typically affected demographic. Objectives: To identify the level of nursing students' knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: A descriptive study design was carried out using an assessment approach from November 12th, 2024, to May 25th, 2025. A non-probability (purposive) sample of 208 nursing students was selected. The questionnaire was designed to identify nursing students' knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases in two parts: demographic data (4 items) and nursing students' knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases (27 items). Results: The study showed that less than half  (48.38%) reported a fair level for the knowledge, less than one third a poor level (27.95%), and less than one quarter a good level (23.65 %).While demonstrating that the overall student knowledge has a significant link with their department, class, at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: The researcher concludes that a significant disparity in students' understanding, highlighting the need for educational development at all levels. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between students' general knowledge levels and their department and class (p < 0.05), indicating that academic discipline and year of study play a vital role in knowledge development. Highlights: Less than half of the students had only a fair understanding of STDs. Academic department and class level significantly influenced knowledge. Highlights the urgent need for curriculum-based education interventions. Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Nursing Students, Knowledge Level, Descriptive Study, Health Education
Polymorphism of TNFα with measurement of IL-18, IL-37 and Glutathione in Iraqi patents with Leishmaniasis: Polimorfisme TNFα dengan pengukuran IL-18, IL-37 dan Glutathione dalam paten Irak dengan Leishmaniasis Aboud, Rabia Ali
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

General Background: Leishmaniasis remains a significant public health issue, particularly affecting immunocompromised populations and children in endemic regions. Specific Background: The immunopathogenesis involves complex cytokine responses and antioxidant mechanisms, yet limited data exists on the interaction of TNFα polymorphisms and interleukin expression in visceral leishmaniasis. Knowledge Gap: There is a paucity of studies linking genetic variants of TNFα with cytokine profiles and glutathione dynamics in Iraqi patients with L. donovani infections. Aims: This study aimed to assess serum levels of IL-18, IL-37, TNFα, glutathione, and the rs767455 SNP in TNFα among infected individuals. Results: Patients exhibited significantly elevated IL-18, IL-37, TNFα, and IgG levels alongside markedly reduced glutathione compared to controls (P≤0.001). A direct correlation was observed between glutathione and both TNFα (r=0.224, P=0.006) and IL-37 (r=0.155, P=0.05). A SNP variation (AA to GG) in rs767455 was noted in multiple infected individuals. Novelty: This is the first study to report a significant elevation of IL-37 and a defined correlation of glutathione with inflammatory cytokines in visceral leishmaniasis. Implications: These findings underscore the potential of cytokine and glutathione profiling, alongside genetic markers, as diagnostic or prognostic tools in managing leishmaniasis. Highlights: Significant Increase in Cytokines: Patients with visceral leishmaniasis exhibited markedly higher levels of IL-18, IL-37, TNFα, and Glutathione compared to controls. Genetic Variation Identified: A SNP (rs767455) mutation in the TNFα gene was observed in several infected individuals, changing genotype from AA to GG. Correlative Biomarker Insight: Strong correlation found between Glutathione and TNFα/IL-37 levels, suggesting possible biomarker or therapeutic implications. Keywords: Leishmaniasis, TNFα, IL-18, IL-37, Glutathione
CRISPR-Cas Systems in Helicobacter pylori: A Genomic Insight into Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism: Sistem CRISPR-Cas pada Helicobacter pylori: Wawasan Genomik tentang Mekanisme Resistensi Antibiotik Al-Haidary, Muhammad Abdul-Razzaq Ali; J, Abed Abbas; MH, Al-Bayati
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium infecting half of the world's population, presents increasing challenges as antibiotic resistance continues to grow. This research explores the lesser-studied function of CRISPR-Cas systems in influencing H. pylori's resistance to primary antibiotics (clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin). By utilizing whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assessment of 350 clinical isolates, we show that CRISPR-positive strains (45.7%) have notably lower resistance rates compared to CRISPR-negative strains (clarithromycin: 62.5% vs 84.2%, *p*=0.001; metronidazole: 56.3% vs 73.7%, *p*=0.003). Type I CRISPR systems displayed the most significant negative correlation with resistance (*r*=-0.63), which is linked to their targeting of resistance plasmids (20% spacer matches) and the repression of mobile genetic elements (IS605 prevalence: 22% compared to 68% in CRISPR-negative strains, *p*<0.001). Phylogenetic analysis showed that CRISPR(+) strains create unique clades with lower genomic diversity, indicating CRISPR's role in stabilizing against horizontal gene transfer. Statistical modeling validated CRISPR as a standalone predictor of clarithromycin susceptibility (OR=0.42, 95% CI:0.24–0.71). These results highlight CRISPR-Cas as a natural obstacle to the evolution of resistance in H. pylori, with possible applications for CRISPR-driven diagnostics and strategies for reversing resistance. The research tackles important knowledge deficiencies in prokaryotic defense systems and suggests innovative strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance in this crucial pathogen. Highlights: CRISPR (+) H. pylori strains show significantly lower resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin compared to CRISPR (−) strains. Type I CRISPR systems offer the strongest resistance protection, with a notable negative correlation to resistance gene acquisition (r = -0.63). CRISPR spacers target resistance-related plasmids, suggesting a natural mechanism to block horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance traits Keywords: CRISPR-Cas, H. pylori, Antibiotic Resistance, Genomics, Plasmid Transfer
The Maqasid Methodology in Contemporary Interpretation: An Applied Study: Metodologi Maqasid dalam Penafsiran Kontemporer: Sebuah Studi Terapan Otaiwi, Faris Fadheel
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

The present research is aimed at considering the approach to the methodology of maqasid-based interpretation in modern exegesis based on models that use the objectives of Islamic law as a tool for the interpretation of the Qur'anic text. The research reveals the theoretical grounds of this approach, the motives for its development in modernity, and the calculation of its practical usage, paying primary attention to the works of Shi'a Imami exegetes while using certain works from other interpretive schools as support. The research uses descriptive, analytical, and critical means to appraise the interpretative texts and the degree of adherence to principles and guidelines of exegesis. The study concludes that the maqasid approach has contributed remarkably to the contemporary Qur'anic interpretation, but only insofar as it is used strictly within the boundaries of scholarly and legal criteria. The research suggests the further refinement of this methodology in order to reconcile Islamic law goals with textual limitations of the Qur'an. Highlights: Purpose-Driven Interpretation: Maqasid methodology emphasizes understanding Qur'anic texts by linking them to the higher objectives of Shari'ah—justice, mercy, and public interest Imami Contribution: Imami scholars apply this method uniquely by integrating authoritative narrations from Ahl al-Bayt with Qur'anic analysis, ensuring a balance between text and contextual realities Scholarly Models: Ibn Ashour and Farid al-Ansari exemplify modern applications—Ashour through legal objectives and text integration; Ansari through educational and spiritual reforms via Qur'anic councils Keywords: Maqasid, Interpretation, Imami, Objectives, Methodology
Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Ekspresi imunohistokimia faktor pertumbuhan endotel vaskular-C pada subtipe karsinoma sel ginjal Haider, Omar F.; Al-Nuaimy, Wahda M.T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.180

Abstract

Background: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C is a glycoprotein encoded by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C gene, initially produced as an inactive precursor and activated through proteolytic processing. It belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family and plays a crucial role in angiogenesis (blood vessel formation) and lymphangiogenesis. Objectives of the study: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C in renal cell carcinoma subtypes. To assess its association with some clinicopathological parameters. Methods: In this prospective and retrospective case series study, fifty cases of surgically excised kidney biopsies were included. The blocks of the cases were collected from Al-Jumhory teaching hospital and some private laboratories in Mosul city in a period from October 2023 to July 2024. Section slides from the blocks were stained by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C. Interpretation of the slides and statistical analysis has been done. Results: The age of 50 renal cell carcinoma cases ranged from 21 to 77 years (mean± standard deviation= 55.6±13.5) with 56% of them ≥ 55 years, male to female ratio 2:3, 78% of cases were of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, regarding tumor grading 44% grade II, 34% with positive lymphovascular invasion, 48% were tumor stage T1. Among the fifty cases, 56% were with high level of expression of VEGF-C with 59% of them < 55 years old, 63% males, 56% were of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 82.4% of them with positive lymphovascular invasion show high expression of VEGF-C. Conclusion: High VEGF-C expression was predominantly observed in cases with higher tumor grades (III and IV), also there is a high expression with advanced stages (T3 and T4), and lymphovascular invasion, suggesting that VEGF-C may serve as an important parameter for more aggressive and invasive forms of RCC. Highlight : High VEGF-C expression significantly correlates with advanced tumor grade (III–IV) and stage (T3–T4), indicating aggressive cancer behavior. VEGF-C shows strong association with lymphovascular invasion, suggesting its role in tumor dissemination and poor prognosis. VEGF-C expression may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying invasive renal cell carcinoma and guiding targeted therapy. Keywords : Renal Cell Carcinoma, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C, Clear Cell Carcinoma, Tumor Grade, Lymphovascular Invasion
Alterations in Selected Blood Parameters Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Perubahan Parameter Darah Tertentu yang Berhubungan dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Al-Shammari, Mohammed J.I.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

Background: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also known as type 2 diabetes, is associated with various physiological and biochemical changes in the blood. Understanding these changes is important for better disease management and prevention of complications. Aims of the Study: This study aimed to investigate certain physiological and biochemical changes in blood parameters among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and compare the results with a healthy control group. Methodology: The study included a total of 50 participants (men and women) aged between 20 and 70 years. They were divided into two groups: 30 diabetic patients (18 females and 12 males) and 20 healthy individuals (11 males and 9 females). Blood samples were analyzed to assess various hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: The findings revealed no significant differences in red blood cell count, total leukocyte count, and the percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils between the diabetic and control groups. However, a slight, non-significant increase in platelet count was noted in diabetic patients. A significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the diabetic group compared to the controls. Additionally, a statistically significant difference in age was found between diabetic patients and healthy individuals (p = 0.0007), suggesting age as a potential contributing factor in the development and progression of NIDDM. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant elevation of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in individuals with NIDDM and underscores the potential role of age in the onset and progression of the disease. Regular monitoring of these parameters may aid in better management of diabetic patients.Highlight : Diabetic patients had significantly higher cholesterol, triglyceride, FBS, and HbA1c levels. No notable differences in RBC, WBC, or platelet counts were found between groups. Monitoring biochemical markers is vital for diabetes management. Keywords : Type 2 Diabetes, Blood Parameters, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Glycemic Control
Monocyte Levels, Education, and Consanguinity Associated With Miscarriage Risk: Tingkat Monosit, Pendidikan, dan Konsanguitas Berhubungan dengan Risiko Keguguran Azeez, Fatima Sadiq; Salman, Ali Naeem
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

Background: Miscarriage remains a major public health concern with multifactorial etiology encompassing biological, social, and environmental influences. Specific Background: While numerous studies have examined hormonal, chromosomal, and nutritional contributors, the role of hematological and socio-demographic factors such as monocyte activity, consanguinity, and education level is underexplored. Knowledge Gap: The diagnostic and predictive significance of these variables in spontaneous abortion remains unclear. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between miscarriage and hematological parameters—particularly monocyte and platelet counts—as well as consanguinity and educational status. Results: Analysis of 100 participants (50 miscarriage cases and 50 controls) revealed a statistically significant elevation in monocyte count (P = 0.004) among miscarriage cases, while other parameters such as platelet count, RBC, Hb, and MCV showed no significant differences. Additionally, consanguinity (P = 0.04) and lower education levels (P = 0.026) were significantly associated with miscarriage incidence. Novelty: The study provides novel evidence supporting monocyte elevation and socio-demographic risks as contributory factors in miscarriage. Implications: These findings suggest the potential for monocyte levels and socio-educational context to serve as supplementary markers for miscarriage risk, advocating for integrated hematological and socio-demographic screening in early prenatal care. Highlights: Monocyte elevation was significantly linked to miscarriage cases, suggesting a possible inflammatory response. Consanguineous marriage showed a statistically significant association with higher miscarriage rates. Low educational attainment was strongly correlated with increased risk of miscarriage, highlighting the role of socio-demographic factors. Keywords: Miscarriage, Monocytes, Consanguinity, Educational Level, Hematological Parameters
Integrating Accounting and Public Health for Water Governance in Fragile States: Mengintegrasikan Akuntansi dan Kesehatan Masyarakat untuk Tata Kelola Air di Negara-negara yang Rapuh Alqudhayeb, Nael Jaafar Ali
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

Background: Water governance in fragile states remains a persistent and multifaceted challenge, driven by political instability, weak institutional capacity, and limited integration of environmental and public health data. Objectives: This study synthesizes prior research on Blue Accounting, Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA), and Activity-Based Costing (ABC), aiming to develop a multidimensional framework that supports integrated water resource management in fragile contexts. Methods: To carry out this study, I have chosen a qualitative and exploratory design that uses a comprehensive review of literature from 2020 to 2025. The plan is to bring together Blue Accounting, Material Flow Cost Accounting, and Activity-Based Costing with public health indicators for Iraq, which is a fragile state. The researchers used academic research to highlight similarities, notice gaps, and design a model for managing environmental actions that relies on accounting and environmental science. Results: Blue Accounting has emerged as a transparent tool for linking water-related investments and outcomes across institutions and sectors. MFCA enhances resource-use efficiency by identifying material and energy losses within water systems, while ABC supports cost transparency and accountability across complex service chains. Integrating these cost-based approaches with public health indicators—such as access to safe drinking water and incidence of waterborne diseases—can enable evidence-based policymaking, improve intersectoral coordination, and strengthen resilience in water governance. Conclusion: The proposed conceptual model addresses the institutional and operational challenges facing fragile states and offers practical guidance for sustainable, equitable, and accountable water resource management. Highlight : Integrated Accounting Tools — Combining Blue Accounting, MFCA, and ABC improves water governance by enhancing transparency, efficiency, and accountability in fragile states. Public Health Linkages — Aligning water governance with health indicators such as access to clean water and disease rates enables evidence-based policymaking. Contextual Application — The framework is tailored for fragile states like Iraq, addressing institutional gaps and supporting SDG-aligned water management systems. Keywords : Blue Accounting, MFCA, ABC, Water Governance, Public Health, Fragile States

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