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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 347 Documents
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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH LATEKS KARET ALAM DENGAN PENGISI BUBUK PELEPAH PISANG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN MINYAK Ismail Fahmi Hasibuan, Edward Tandy, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i2.203

Abstract

The use of waste of natural rubber latex with banana sheats powder filler to serve as a more useful product that is used as adsorbent of oil. The process begins with drying the adsorbent manufacture banana and polished up to 100 mesh size. Then the banana powder mixed with waste latex with variations of 10 and 20% (w / w). The analysis of the ability of the adsorbent adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir equation and Freundlich isotherm equation. Research carried out by the batch process and the use of lubricating oil as the adsorbate. The results obtained showed the addition of banana powder as filler waste adsorbent adsorption of latex increases the ability of the oil adsorbent. The conclusion of the analysis showed an increase in the number of characteristics adsroben banana powder can enhance the adsorption of adsorbent.Keywords : natural rubber latex waste, banana sheaths powder, adsorbent oil, adsorption ability
PENGARUH SUHU DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA Jhon Peri Rinaldo Sirait, Nico Sihombing, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.234

Abstract

Coconut shell is one of agricultural wastes that having low commercial value. This research is objected to use coconut shell as the base material of producing surfactant. The use of coconut shell is basically due to its content of lignin, about 29,4%. The objective of this research is to obtain isolate lignin with increasing chatalis NaOH and H2SO4 with lignin identification, the effect of temperature and agitation rate of producing surfactant. The research was done in a reactor with temperature of 100 0C, 110 0C, 120 0C, 3 hours reaction time, pH 6, 80 rpm, 90 rpm, 100 rpm agitation rate, and coconut shell as the base material. Dry coconut shell is grinded and the powder is collected to be reacted. The coconut shell powder is reacted with sodium bisulfite solution with variation in ratio of 1:0,5.  The product is filtered to get filtrate and residue. The filtrate is further analyzed by using the FT-IR spectrophotometry method. From the research we get maximum purity of surfactant at sodium bisulfite with reactant ratio of 1:0,5;  Speed 100 rpm and temperature 120 0C. Keywords : surfactant, coconut shell, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI PADA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN UJI DEGRADASI KOMPOSIT POLIPROPILENA BEKAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA Fitriah Sari Nst, Harry Abrido S, Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.337

Abstract

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from former cup bottle cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as tensile strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has tensile strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 29,023 MPa at 0 day, 28,835 MPa at 10 days, 26,762 MPa at 20 days and 25,361 MPa at 30 days.Keywords : composite, former polypropylene, coconut fiber, NaOH, degradation test, tensile strength
PENGARUH KADAR AIR, DOSIS DAN LAMA PENGENDAPAN KOAGULAN SERBUK BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU Ayu Ridaniati Bangun, Siti Aminah, Rudi Anas Hutahaean, M. Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (171.01 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.952

Abstract

Liquid waste industrial of wheys contain very high organic materials. Organic compounds in the effluent are proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils. Based on the results of field studies on Industry Hall of liquid waste industrial characteristics of whey in Medan, it is known that liquid waste industrial of wheys contain average BOD (4583 mg/l), COD (7050 mg/l), TSS (4743 mg/l ) and oil or fat (26 mg/l ) at pH 6.1. Therefore, the whey waste water must be treated before it is discharged into the environment to reduce the contaminants that accompany the waste. One alternative that can be used as a coagulant is moringa seed powder. This study used of moringa seed powder with a water content of 7 %. Variations of coagulant dosage which are used 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 mg/200 ml liquid waste industrial of whey, coagulant particle size 50 and 70 mesh with the initial pH about 4. The optimum deposition time is obtained 60 minutes with 77.43 % reduction in turbidity, TSS 90.32 %, and 63.26 % COD in 5000 mg/200 ml dosage of coagulant and coagulant particle size of 70 mesh with the final pH about 4, it can be concluded that moringa seeds can be used as an effective coagulant because the reductions were obtained over 50 %.Keywords : liquid waste industrial of whey, moringa seed powder, turbidity, TSS, COD
PENGURANGAN FFA DAN WARNA DARI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN ADSORBEN SERABUT KELAPA DAN JERAMI Julius Fernando Pakpahan, Tomas Tambunan, Agnes Harimby, M. Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.1020

Abstract

Jelantah is a cooking oil that has been used in a few time. It is not only have an unattractive colour and rancid, but also can make a risk to the health. Jelantah can be recovered by adsorbing the impurities and reduce color  using the adsorbents. This study aimed to reduce levels of FFA and color of jelantah using coconut fiber and straw adsorbents with variation 50,70 and 100 mesh, variations in pressure at 1 atm and below, and the time variation of adsorption every 10 minutes during the first half hours. In this study, the best adsorbent to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) is coconut fiber with a pressure below 1 atm where FFA value before adsorbed is 0.006823 N and after being adsorbed 0.0002924 N, whereas for the reduction of oil color, the best adsorbent is straw with 100 mesh size because it reduces the color of 5.5 red and 24 yellow to 3.3 red and 21 yellow.Keywords : reused cooking oil, FFA reduced, color reduced
PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI LEMAK SAPI DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN KATALIS BASA NaOH Ranggita Dwi Nindya Affandi, Toni Rizki Aruan, Taslim, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.1112

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel commonly produced from vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol through transesterification. Beef tallow was used as a raw material of transesterification to make biodiesel, because the price of beef tallow was driven down by the market and to reduce the pollution to the surrounding. In this research variable observed were reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst. Transesterification was carried out in a three necked spherical Pyrex vessel equipped with reflux condenser, stirrer and thermometer. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to use beef tallow as low cost sustainable potential feedstock for biodiesel production by single step transesterification process. Under optimal condition, the maximum yield of 95,67 % beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 6 : 1 molar ratio of beef tallow to methanol at 50 oC for a reaction time 30 minutes in the presence of 0,8 wt% of NaOH catalyst. The biodiesel properties were comparable to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is suitable for feedstock of biodiesel production with low cost. Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification, beef tallow, catalyst
PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI PADA PEMBUATAN ARANG DARI SEKAM PADI Satriyani Siahaan, Melvha Hutapea, Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.1324

Abstract

Charcoal is a solid porous material containing 80 - 90 % of carbon being produced from combustion at high temperatures (carbonization ), that the material only carbonized and not oxidized become carbon dioxide. The research is aimed to know the optimum conditions on the process of carbonization from the rice husks. The carbonization process conducted in temperatures 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC with variations in time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Optimum conditions carbonization for rice husk at temperature 400 oC for 120 minutes with a carbon content 41,3 %, moisture content 6,1 %, ash content 32,6 % and volatile matter content 20,5 %. Keywords : charcoal, carbonization, rice husk
PEMURNIAN CRUDE GLYCERINE MELALUI PROSES BLEACHING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF M. Afif Aufari, Sia Robianto, Renita Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (160.006 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i1.1674

Abstract

Crude glycerine is a concentrated liquid that with the glycerin content less than 88%. Crude glycerine has the dye produced by caroten. Caroten or usually called reddish yellow colour pigments cause the palm oil colour to be reddish yellow. Caroten is soluble in oil and fat but not in the water. Colours has a low quality and did not preferred by consumer and must be eliminated. This compound can be eliminated by a absorption process using activated carbon. The using of crude glycerine will further produce the product drugs and cosmetics industries. This research is conducted to study absorbtion of activated carbon to the crude glycerine impurities that causes the raddish yellow colour. This research do by using mesh, weight, and time of stirring with different variated. Keywords : crude glycerine, caroten, activated carbon
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BATANG JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ALTERNATIF PADA PENGURANGAN KADAR KLORIN DALAM AIR OLAHAN (TREATED WATER) Fatimah Hutasuhut, Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.1678

Abstract

Various result of agricultural waste that contain high cellulose can be used as an alternative adsorbent. One of them was derived from dried corn stalks which traditionally burnt after harvest that lead to environmental pollution. It is necessary to produce the value-added materials from corn stalks waste as an alternative adsorbent to reduce the level of chlorine in treated water. This process was performed by using various level of sulfuric acid concentration 1%, 3% and 5%, particles size 50 and 70 mesh in 105 oC with adsorbtion time 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The most favorable activation result was obtained at 5% concentration, with particle size 70 mesh, adsorbtion time 90 minutes and the iodine value was 482 mg/l with level of adsorbed chlorine was 96,08%. Based on this findings, we concluded that the corn stalks waste can be used as an alternative adsorbent in reducing the level of chlorine in treated water. Keywords: alternative adsorbents, corn stalks, chemical activation
HUBUNGAN KETERGANTUNGAN PROSES ANTARA PROSES SPLITTING DAN DISTILASI PADA INDUSTRI OLEOKIMIA Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.1885

Abstract

The normal production yield target of a fatty acid distillated products (FADP) or DPOFA (Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid)’s fail to be achieved, and lead to do a particular analysis and study - to solve the problem in industrial scale. The DPOFA’s manufactured through degumming, splitting and distillation processs. The production yield’s improved in this study by using trial and error method. The improved splitting degree (98 % minimum) helped much better DPOFA production yield - come to be 93 % (normal target). There are strong processes interrelationship between splitting and distillation process. Keywords : splitting degree, hydrolysis, production yield, target, distillation

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