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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
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Articles 367 Documents
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Analisis Karakteristik Tar dari Hasil Pirolisis Sekam Padi dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif Durain Parmanoan; Maya Sarah; Laila Apriani; Oner Silalahi; Seri Maulina; Isti Madinah Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.23502

Abstract

Indonesia still relies heavily on fossil energy, therefore, the development of renewable alternative energy sources is essential. Biomass is one of the potential renewable energy sources that can be further developed, including rice husk and teak wood sawdust waste. Both materials contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be converted into tar through the pyrolysis process. This study aims to determine the characteristics of tar produced from the pyrolysis of rice husk and teak wood sawdust as an alternative energy source. The pyrolysis process was conducted at a temperature of 600oC with varying durations of 60, 120, and 150 minutes. The analyses included yield, density, viscosity, calorific value, acid number, moisture content, and chemical composition of the tar. The highest yield obtained was 7.98%; moisture content 9.22%; density 0.893 g/mL; viscosity 3.90 cSt; acid number 2.90%; and calorific value 4.329,485 kal/g. The GC–MS analysis results showed that the tar compounds derived from the mixture of rice husk and teak wood sawdust were predominantly composed of phenolic compounds.
Elektro-Fenton sebagai Pra-pengolahan POME Menggunakan Elektroda Fe-Grafit: Keunggulan pH Alami dan Analisis Kinetika Nita Widyastuti; Rara Ayu Lestary; Sri Mundarti; Ra'ida Raudhatussya'rifah; Hadistya Suryadri; Oki Alfernando; Nazarudin; Perdana Alfarez; Rifan Rizki
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.23718

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with high COD concentrations (15,000–100,000 mg/L) poses significant environmental risks. This study evaluates the electro-Fenton method using Fe-graphite electrodes as a POME pretreatment unit. The impact of initial pH (4, 5.5, and 7) was examined under fixed conditions: 0.4 A current, 60-minute duration, 0.425 H₂O₂/COD ratio, 300 rpm stirring, and 3 cm electrode spacing. Results indicated the highest COD degradation at pH 7 (34.00%), followed by pH 4 (28.22%) and pH 5.5 (21.55%). The process at pH 4 was best described by a first-order kinetic model (R² = 0.8936). The novelty of this work lies in the effectiveness of the system at natural POME pH (pH 4), enabling significant degradation without pH adjustment to enhance economic feasibility. Furthermore, an 11 oC temperature rise from Joule heating accelerated hydroxyl radical (•OH) diffusion. This method shows promise as an efficient POME pretreatment for biological process integration.
Pengaruh Metode Ko-Inokulasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Yeast terhadap Karakterisasi dan Atribut Aroma Tuak Berlian Simanjuntak; Theodora M Putri; Rachel Sinaga; Michael Sipayung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.25740

Abstract

In previous research, the Friedman test on the aroma of tuak with the addition of suspected as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), yeast, and a consortium showed no significant difference among the samples. However, tuak with suspected as LAB was preferred by the panelists. Due to the panelists inability to determine specific aromas, this study was conducted to identify the specific aroma attributes from the fermentation of palm sap. Following this, a multiple comparison test and a hedonic test were performed to determine if the coinoculation technique improves the aroma quality of tuak. The results of the descriptive test were consistent with the ANOVA test results, showing that the aroma of tuak with co-inoculation differed from tuak without co-inoculation. Tuak with co-inoculation detected the aroma like ethyl lactate, while tuak without co-inoculation had an aroma like lactic acid. In the multiple comparison test, the aroma of co-inoculated tuak was better with a moderate level of difference. The hedonic test showed that panelists preferred the aroma of co-inoculated tuak, specifically with a yeast to suspected as LAB ratio of 1:2. The alcohol levels of the tuak under these conditions were 0.94% ± 0.06 with pH 3.95 ± 0.03.
Produksi Bio-oil dari Co-pyrolysis Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Batu Bara Nadya Cahaya Putri; Suci Rahmadini; Nurfatihayati Nurfatihayati; Sunarno Sunarno; Panca Setia Utama; Anisa Mutamima
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26026

Abstract

This study investigates bio-oil production via the co-pyrolysis of oil palm fronds (OPF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics using a coal fly ash catalyst. The process was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 350°C for 60 minutes. Results showed that an optimum OPF to PET ratio of 75:25 yielded 20.48% bio-oil. The addition of 10% fly ash maximized the yield to 27.04%, whereas a 15% catalyst concentration triggered over-cracking reactions, thereby decreasing the yield. Conversely, the highest heating value of 31.46 MJ/kg (meeting the ASTM D7544-12 standard) was achieved at the 15% catalyst concentration. This highlights a trade-off between the optimum conditions for bio-oil quantity (10% catalyst) and quality (15% catalyst). GC-MS analysis confirmed the dominance of phenolic compounds, furans, and carboxylic acids, affirming the potential of this mixture as a renewable energy alternative.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Minyak Atsiri Kamomil dan Lavender terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Stabilitas Produk Multipurpose Balm Annisa Yumna N. Firdaus; Firna Yuliani; Venitalitya A. S. Augustia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26224

Abstract

Growing interest in natural cosmetics has encouraged the development of multipurpose balms containing Lavender Essential Oil (LEO) and Chamomile Essential Oil (CEO). This study investigated the effects of varying LEO and CEO concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and stability of multipurpose balm formulations. Researchers prepared nine samples with different essential oil concentrations and evaluated organoleptic properties, spread ability, pH, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and total plate count (TPC). The results showed stable semisolid textures, with colour and aroma varying with essential oil concentration. Sample 5 received the highest consumer preference. The pH values ranged from 4.96 to 5.21, within the physiological skin pH range of 4.5–6.5. Spread ability increased with applied load, reaching 2.175 cm in sample 9. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical structural changes, while TPC values of ≤ 10 CFU/g met cosmetic microbiological safety standards. Overall, the balm formulations remained stable and safe across the tested LEO and CEO variations.  
Optimasi Ekstraksi Alginat dari Sargassum polycystum Menggunakan Sistem Cairan Dua Fase Berbantukan Gelombang Ultrasonik Berdasarkan Response Surface Methodology dan Pemodelan Kinetika Difusi Erica Wijaya; Effendi Utomo; Meta F Rizkiana; Yukti Nurani; Boy Fachri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26295

Abstract

Sargassum polycystum has the potential to be a source of alginate for the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to optimise alginate extraction using an ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase system and model the extraction kinetics based on Fick's diffusion law. Extraction was conducted using 2-propanol and K₂HPO₄, with variations in extraction time, ultrasonic power, and solid-to-solvent ratio. Optimisation was performed using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. FT-IR and HPLC analyses confirmed the isolation of alginate. The actual alginate yield of 81.37% was achieved at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 0.04 g/mL, an extraction time of 20 min, and an ultrasonic power of 60% (390 Watts). The optimisation results predicted an alginate yield of 82.244%, with an R² value of 0.9960 for the RSM–Box–Behnken model. The experimental yield obtained from model validation was 81.93%, with a relative prediction error of 0.38%.   The kinetic model based on Fick's diffusion law yielded a De of 1.619×10-11 and an SSE of 0.006673, indicating excellent agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data.
Pengaruh Penambahan Selulosa Pelepah Sawit dan Konsentrasi Gliserol dalam Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Pati Singkong Mochamad Mizan Yusridarmawan; Maria Ulfah; Reza Widyasaputra
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26803

Abstract

Bioplastics are one of the alternatives to conventional plastic that is more environmentally friendly because they can be degraded naturally with the help of microorganisms. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of cellulose in palm fronds and glycerol concentration on the characteristics of bioplastics made from cassava starch. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: cellulose addition (2, 3, and 4 g) and glycerol (2, 3, and 4 mL), with two replications. The characteristics of bioplastics observed include tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, biodegradability, and preference tests. The results showed that the addition of cellulose, glycerol, and the interaction of the two had no significant effect (P>0.05) on all observed parameters.

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