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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
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Articles 349 Documents
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PENGARUH WAKTU POLIMERISASI PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN POLIESTER DARI ASAM LEMAK SAWIT DISTILAT (ALSD) Ahmad Rozi Tanjung, Ida Ayuningrum, Renita Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i4.4012

Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be used as raw material for synthesis polyester. The aim of this research is to synthesis of polyester and to determine the effect of reaction time on  polymerization methyl ester PFAD. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reactiontime 120 minute, reactant ratio 1:8 (PFAD:methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD;polymerization stage was done at temperature 126-132°C, concentration ofcatalyst (BF3-diethyl etherate) 9.2 % (w/w), variation of polymerization reaction time3, 4, and 5 hours; and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 oC,reactant ratios (w/w) 1:1 (polymerized ME : ethylene glycol), reaction time 4 hours and all ofstage was stirred at 150 rpm. The results showed, in the esterification stage wasobtained methyl ester with iodine value 77.29 g I2/100 g, viscosity 6.90 cP,density 859.91 kg/m3 and analysis byusing GC-MS showed that the purity of methyl ester was 82.23% andmolecular weight 267.97 g/mol. Decreasing in iodine value from 77.294 I2 g/100 g to 63.45-61.14 gI2/100 g indicated that the polymerization process had takenplace. In polyesterification stage wasobtained gel polyester, viscous, dark brown colored solid at room temperature with acid value from13.13 to 21.65 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 14.3 to 19.1 P, and molecular weight 995.03 to 1,522.07g/mol which is more suitable for application of modified polyester. Analysis by using GC showed that the purity of polyester is equal to 65.49%.
DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA Michael, Elmer Surya, Halimatuddahliana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4120

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.
PENJERAPAN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd2+) DENGAN ADSORBEN CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK YANG TELAH DIAKTIVASI Krisnawati, Jasinda, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4197

Abstract

Harzadous waste water is the waste that can be harmful to human’s health. One of heavy metals that contains in harzadous waste is cadmium. This research aims to investigate the characteristic of cadmium adsorption, equilibrium time, percentage adsorption, adsorption kinetic, adsorption isotherm and capacity of cadmium adsorption by using duck egg’s shell adsorbent. Duck egg’s shell adsorbent that had been activated at 600 oC were put into cadmium solution and mixed together. Every 10 minutes experimental samples were analyzed using AAS. The results indicated that percentage adsorption increases and the longer equilibrium time will be reached with an increase of adsorbent dosage. The Lagergen first order Models was applied as adsorption kinetics model and the Bangham Models was applied as adsorption isotherms models.
DEKOMPOSISI AIR-METANOL MENJADI HIDROGEN PADA SEMIKONDUKTOR NATRIUM TANTALUM OKSIDA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LANTANUM SEBAGAI DOPING Husni Husin, Komala Pontas, Hesti Meilina, Fikri Hasfita
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4252

Abstract

Synthesis of semiconductor photocatalysts lanthanum-doped sodium tantalum oxide (La-NaTaO3) and its performance on water-methanol decomposition has been carried out. This research aimed is to examine the effect of methanol as an electron donor in the reaction to photocatalytic of hydrogen production. The samples are characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) to determine its composition. The results indicate that the products are composed of NaTaO3 and Ta2O5. The reaction is conducted by irradiating of water-methanol of 400 ml and 1 g of photocatalyst in Pyrex glass reactor for 4 h at a temperature of 30 oC.The methanol solution is poured into the reactor of 5, 10, and 15 vol.%.  For comparison, in this reaction is also used only pure water. The results depict that the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water as much as  0.3(mmol / g.h). Hydrogen generation rate increased significantly when the methanol are added of 5%, 10%, and 15%, ie. 2.68, 4.79 and 8.72 ,(mmol / g.h),  respectively. This has been attributed to the effect of added methanol, which acts as sacrificial electron donor and consumes photogenerated holes and/or oxygen, thereby decreasing the rates of electron-hole recombination. Reaction mechanism in semiconductor particles of NaTaO3 is also reported.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN BIJI KOPI (ARABIKA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL Bella Simbolon, Kartini Pakpahan, Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4287

Abstract

This research aims to exploit the coffee seed oil as raw material for biodiesel by esterification process, then followed by transesterification process and studied the influence of variations in the weight ratio of solvent: ground coffee beans in the coffee bean oil extraction process. The methodologies of this researchare conducted on the process of preparation of raw materials, extraction, and testing phase.  Extraction is done with a variety of types of solvent n-hexane (C6H14) and toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3)) and a variety of solvents through a ratio of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 and 1:8 against the mass of each run, which is 40 gram. Another variable is still 2 hours extraction time and temperature solvent extraction with n-hexane (C6H14) (boiling point 690C) is 70-75 0c and the solvent toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3))(boiling point 1100C) is 110-1150C. Testing phase is done bythe use of coffee oil esterification process in the molar ratio of methanol: free fatty acid catalyst H2SO4 = 3:1 with 1% v / v for 1hour with stirring 600 rpm and transesterification process at a molar ratio of methanol: oil = 9:1 coffee with 1.75% NaOH catalyst for 2 hours with stirring 600 rpm. Esterification process as conducted preliminary due to high levels of free fatty acids coffeeoils, which is 22.2%. Extraction results include the maximum yield of the coffee oils  17.73% in toluene weight ratio: coffee powder= 6:1, and coffee oil data in the form of the density 93.75 g / ml, viscosity 59.326 cP and fatty acid composition of the highest linoleic acid 40.8765% and palmitic acid 37.4492%. The results of esterification and transesterification obtained by the methyl ester equal to 39.63% with density 0.915 g / ml, 22.5498 cSt kinematic viscosity and flash point 130 0C.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR DAN BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH SAYURAN Erickson Sarjono Siboro, Edu Surya, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4299

Abstract

Garbage market activity results, which are not well experienced management will cause environmental pollution. The waste of vegetables still contains a high water content and contain organic ingredients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that one of them is a waste of vegetables. One method to manage waste of vegetables is to chop waste of vegetables with use the blender and mix with EM4 then fermented for 25 days. So it becomes an organic liquid fertilizer, because more quickly absorbed into the soil and quickly be used directly by plants, and can't damage the soil and plants. Preliminary data obtained from this study of the water content of 88.78%, pH 7.68, and the ratio of C / N 33.56. Final data with optimal results obtained on day 25 with the composition of the EM4 350 ml of N 1%, P 1.98%, K 0.85% and the ratio of C / N 30, total solid 34.78%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 2386 mg / L, pH 5.55 and 13 ml of biogas.
PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT FERMENTOR BIOGAS SECARA AEROBIK MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR ALIR TANGKI BERPENGADUK Yohannes Tandean, Michael Vincent, Irvan, Bambang Trisakti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4300

Abstract

Palm oil production in Indonesia is estimated around 28 million tonnes per annum. As this number increases, the waste generated from the process which generally called as palm oil mill effluent (POME)  increases as well. In Indonesia, POME treatment is being carried out conventionally by using facultative ponds system, which is high in operational cost, uses up a vast amount of land and generates greenhouse gas, Methane (CH4) as product which is usually burnt away. From previous researches done, POME has been treated anaerobically to produce biogas, but the effluent from these processes have not yet met the standard quality control required to be released to the environment. Which is why it still needs to be treated aerobically to fulfill the standar quality control so as to be released to the environment. From the research done by using continuous stirred tank reaktor and adding effective microorganism (EM4), the final VSS value reached was around 100 mg/L with 10 days HRT.
MODEL PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU MENGGUNAKAN KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS Rudy Agustriyanto, Akbarningrum Fatmawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i3.4344

Abstract

The depletion of oil reserves hasbeen increasing interest in the development of alternative renewable energysources. Cheese whey as a waste of cheese production is one of the raw materials that can be used for bioethanol production. The aim ofthis study is to conduct critical assessment of the cheese whey fermentation process by applying the basic concepts of engineering and mathematics, to investigate the characteristics of the cheese whey fermentation process into bioethanol, and to obtain the optimum design of fermenter. This is done by developing steady state model of cheese whey fermentation system into ethanol based on kinetic data from previous research and using mass balance principle.The model was then used to simulate the continuous fermentation of cheese whey for ethanol production. At steady state conditions, the fermentation process of cheese whey into bioethanol is affected by the hydraulic retention time (R). At steady state conditions, the optimum value of R obtained is 25 hours based onhigh ethanol productivity. The results of this study will be useful in the design process and control of cheese whey fermentation reactions into ethanol.The utilization of waste from cheese production (cheese whey) that contain sugars which can be fermented will provide added value to the waste while providing an alternative source of renewable energy that is needed due to energy crisis.
PENGOMPOSAN SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN SLURRY DARI FERMENTASI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Irvan, Bambang Trisakti, Cut Novaliani Hasbi, Elwina Widiarti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i4.4567

Abstract

Rice husk is material waste that is usually just burned. However, this practice is causing air pollution problems. One effort to help overcome the problem of agricultural waste is recycling technique with an emphasis on the process of composting. Many efforts can be made ​​to speed the composting process. The treatment was performed by the addition of slurry at the beginning of  composting process with the addition of as much as 1, 2,and 3 liters and the addition of slurry during composting process by adding 0,5;1; and 1,5liters of slurry every 3 days once. At each treatment was added 1 kg of fine compost. The condition which almost meets quality compost by SNI 19-7030-2004 and most precocious and decomposesis the compost with the addition of as much as 1, 5 liters every 3 days where the temperature is 32,8 oC obtained, the water level is 35,1,99 %, the ratio of C / N is 7.58 and pH is 9,59. This thing indicates that the slurry from biogas fermentor can accelerate the maturity of compost making so that it is more easily broken down or decomposed.
PEMANFAATAN ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga, Doni Hermanto Sihombing, Allen Rianto Sihotang
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i4.4626

Abstract

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s catalyst involves coconut shell burnt ash at temperature of 550, 600, 650 °C for 8 hours and uses 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) of ash. Ash used was dissolved in 75 ml of methanol to obtain potassium methoxide compound and was analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to determine potassium content. Palm oil involved in the processing stage of degumming with the addition of 0,6% (w/w) H3PO4 85% to remove gum then followed by an esterification reaction using 3,0% (w/w) H2SO498% as the catalyst to reduce FFA<1%. The temperature of transesterification reaction was at 65 °C for 2 hours, ratio of methanol: CPO 6:1 (n/n) and 500 rpm agitation. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of 81% methyl esters is gained with shell burnt ash at temperature of 600 ° C, 1% (w/w) of ash with the specification of methyl esters as density, kinematic viscosity and flash point are relatively conformed to SNI04-7182-2006 biodiesel and 92.99% purity methyl ester with 4.62% total glycerin,2.39% free glycerin based on GC (Gas Chromatography).

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