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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2018)" : 8 Documents clear

EKSTRAKSI ASAP CAIR DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETIL ASETAT DAN HEKSANA Seri Maulina, Fakhradila, Nurtahara
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The compounds in the liquid smoke can be extracted using a polar and non polar solvent. Polar and non polar solvents are often used for the extraction of phenol compounds from plants. Extraction of compounds in liquid smoke was performed by using ethyl acetate (polar) and hexane (non polar) solvents at 40°C, 55°C and 70°C with 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes. The highest yield of ethyl acetate solvent was obtained at 70oC and the extraction time for 3 hours was 66% and the lowest was at 40oC and the extraction time for 1 hour was 30%. While on hexane solvent the highest rendement value was obtained at 70oC and the extraction time for 3 hours was 58% and the lowest was at 40oC and the extraction time for 1 hour was 12 %.

PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO Venitalitya A. S. Augustia; Dian Ika Nugraha; Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.

POTENSI PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN TERMODIFIKASI ASAP CAIR SEBAGAI BAHAN EDIBLE COATING ANTI MIKROBA UNTUK PENGAWETAN DAGING M. Hanafiah; M. Faisal; Izarul Machdar
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research is a preliminary study of the utilization of chitosan modified with liquid smoke to produce edible coating material that can be used as a preservative of beef. Chitosan compounds obtained from shrimp shell waste, while liquid smoke produced from pyrolysis of palm shells at a temperature of 340oC. Edible coating solution with various concentrations was made by dissolving chitosan (1-1.5%) into 3% liquid smoke, which was then applied as a meat preservative. Meat samples that have been dipped edible coating for 15 minutes, then stored in the refrigerator and observed decreased endurance every 24 hours for 8 days. Analysis results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that liquid smoke contains phenol and acetic acid compounds that have antimocrobial properties. Meat endurance test was done by analyzing the aroma, texture and color of meat. The results showed that the beef that has been coated liquid chitosan solution can last up to 7 days. Chitosan concentration affects the endurance of meat, the greater the chitosan concentration, the better the meat endurance. The optimum concentration was obtained at 1% of chitosan, the meat still has an acceptable aroma, texture and color for up to 6 days. This suggests that chitosan-liquid smoke can be used as an edible coating material.

PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FENOL PADA ASAP CAIR Seri Maulina, Nurtahara, Fakhradila
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm midrib is a waste in oil palm plantations that containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds. Palm midrib pyrolysis will produce phenol derived from lignin. The purpose of this study was to obtain phenol compounds as a function of time and temperature. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with variation of pyrolysis time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The analysis was performed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The content of phenol compounds in liquid smoke increases with the rise of temperature and pyrolysis time. The highest total phenol content in liquid smoke was obtained at 600 °C for 90 minutes pyrolysis, which was 17.966%.

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra) Chandra Sitorus, Lilis Sukeksi, Andy Junianto Sidabutar
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this study was to determine the best of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content, and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KARBON TERSULFONASI BERBASIS CANGKANG KEMIRI Dian Halimah Batubara, Taslim, Seri Maulina, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) contains cellulose which is convertible to glucose through hydrolysis by using inorganic liquid acid catalyst. However, the use of such catalyst leads to corrosion problem, environment pollution, and complex separation. To overcome this problem, a sulfonated carbon catalyst was proposed. This study aimed to evaluate candlenut shell as carbon source for catalyst support in sulfonated carbon catalyst, and its application in cellulose hydrolysis. Candlenut shell was carbonized at 300-550oC for 4 h. Resulting carbon was sulfonated at 120-150oC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was assessed for its H+ capacity/acidity. The carbon with highest acidity was applied as solid acid catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis. Resulting glucose was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results suggest that sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis.

PEMBUATAN SABUN TRANSPARAN BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTIOKSIDAN Lilis Sukeksi, Meirany Sianturi, Lionardo Setiawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of alkali concentration and the amount of added morinda citrifolia toward the formed of soap product. This study begins with maserating the noni fruit with ethanol. Then the making of transparent solid soap was made in the saponification process with a fixed variable oil volume of 70 ml, reaction temperature of 80 ° C and stirring time of 60 minutes. Whereas for the independent variables alkaline solution concentrations were 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, the amount of noni extract 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g. The responses observed were water content, acidity (pH), saponification number, free alkali, free fatty acid, foam stability, surface tension and antioxidant activity. The best results were obtained at 26% alkaline concentration and 30 g of noni extract with a moisture content of 24,10%, 0% free alkali content, pH 9,0, free fatty acid content 0,480%, saponification 200 mg / g, surface tension 29,70 dyne / cm, foam stability 81% and antioxidant activity of 153,85 0µg / µL.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PENGISI SERTA TEKANAN HOT PRESS TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT POLIESTER BERPENGISI PARTIKEL ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) Hamzah Arifin Sinambela, Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of filler loading and pressure of hot press on tensile strength of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polyester composites. The Composites were prepared by using polyester as the matrix, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) as the catalyst. The composites were filled by the zinc oxide at 0%; 1%; 3%; 5%; and 7% were molded by hot press with pressure variation of 50 psi, 75 psi, 100 psi, 125 psi and 150 psi. Composites have been molded, then tested for the characteristics Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tests of tensile strength. The best result of tensile strength, impact and flexural were found on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi with a tensile strength of 54 MPa. SEM characterization showed a rougher surface is breaking up on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi because had a good wetting between matrix and filler ZnO.

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