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Articles 349 Documents

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KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DAN KETAMAN KAYU BERPEREKAT DAUN JAMBU METE Widya Gema Bestari, Mutiara Mendopa, Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Briquettes are biomass compaction technology as alternative energy sources with or without binder in different shape and size. The research is aimed to analyze the best carbonization process, compaction pressure and binder concentration for quality of briquettes. In this resarch, rice husk and wood shaving are used as raw materials carbonized at different process, named by carbonization process 1 and other carbonization process 2. Carbonization process 1 was done by carbonized each raw material and then mixed while carbonization process 2 was done by mixed raw materials then carbonized. Raw materials were blended with cashew nut leaves binder at concentration 10%, 12,5%, 15%, and 20% and then compacted at pressure 85 kg/cm2 and 105 kg/cm2. The best briquette was briquette that rice husk and wood shaving were carbonized by carbonization process 1 blended with 15% binder and compacted at 85 kg/cm2 and had calorific value 2045,8271 cal/g.

HIDROLISIS HASIL DELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM SISTEM CAIRAN IONIK CHOLINE CHLORIDE Gendish Yoricya, Shinta Aisyah Putri Dalimunthe, Renita Manurung, Nimpan Bangun
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i1.11640

Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (TKKS) was the waste which has a fairly high content of lignocelluloses. Meanwhile, TKKS has not been utilize optimally. With a cellulose content of 45%-50%, TKKS then potentially be used as raw material for bioethanol. In the process of production bioethanol, delignification of lignocellulose the first phase was conducted to dissolve ligament between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In this research, delignification process was carried out using NaOH in the ionic liquid system and without ionic liquids. The purpose of this research was to find out the highest content of cellulose which contained in the TKKS and to determine the hydrolysis of delignification results on palm empty fruit bunches and the best hydrolysis conditions was obtained at the hydrolysis process in the choline chloride ionic liquid system. Delignification process were performed using ionic liquids choline chloride (ChCl) in variety of cooking time with amount different ChCl. This research used TKKS powder cooked at a temperature 130 °C with a variety of cooking time 30, 60, and 90 minutes and the variation of ChCl 10%, 15% and 20% weight of TKKS. Delignification research results used ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose was 40,33%, hemicellulose 20,28%, and lignin 3,62% in cooking treatment 90 minutes and 15% ChCl. While delignification without ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose is 24,98%, hemicellulose 8,25%, and lignin 18,99% in cooking treatment 90 minutes. Delignification process using ChCl be able increase the degree of delignification as big as 61,45%. In the hydrolisis process, the main raw material used cellulose of delignification TKKS result, choline chloride, sulfatl acid, and distilled water. The hydrolysis stage in this research was carried out at temperature 105 0C, catalyst (H2SO4) 10% (w / w) cellulose, ChCl 10%, 15%, and 20% (w / w) cellulose and it was stirred at constant speed 120 rpm with reaction time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The result in the hydrolysis stage using ionic liquid obtained glucose. LUFF method analysis showed the maximum result of glucose 37.96% with the best conditions in reaction time 90 minutes and the amount of choline chloride 20%.

PEMANFAATAN FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA Indah Cikita, Ika Herawati Hasibuan, Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this research, the katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) extracted for get flavonoid which used as antioxidant for the coconut oil. This research aims to determine the effect of the extraction time, the volume of the solvent, and the type of solvent for the yield and total flavonoid concentration of the katuk leaves extract and then to determine the effect of total flavonoid concentration and contact time the flavonoid of katuk leaves extract as antioxidants in coconut oil. The process used is extraction of katuk leaves used the solvent such as ethanol, n-heksana and etil asetat then extract will be analysed the yield and total flavonoid concentration of the katuk leaves extract. Then extract with the total flavonoid concentration 6,668%, 7,748% and 27,909% was used as a sample and contacted in the coconut oil with the contact time of 2, 4 and 6 days. Then, analysis is done of the coconut oil is the acid number, the iodine number and the peroxide number. The result obtained in this research is the best extraction time of 6 hours with solvent volume of 1250 ml with the best type of solvent is ethanol, the yield of extract is 0,243% and total flavonoid concentration is 27,909%. The total flavonoid concentration increasing cause a decrease the acid number, the iodine number increase and decrease the peroxide number which proved that katuk leaves extract can be used as antioxidants in the coconut oil with the best result is the total flavonoid concentration in 27,909% where the acid number is 0,962 mg KOH/g, the iodine number is 38,705 g I2/100 g and the peroxide number is 13,333 Meq/kg. The contact time of flavonoid in the coconut oil which increasing cause oil properties is getting worse but the results are better than the oil without the addition of extract.

PEMANFAATAN ADSORBEN DARI KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao l.) UNTUK MENURUNKAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND PADA PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT Setiaty Pandia, Astri Devi Yunita Siahaan, Anita Tiurmaida Hutagalung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of cocoa peel as adsorbents to reduce the content of COD in POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent). The study was initiated by modifying the adsorbent, where the cleansed and crushed cocoa peels with a size variation of 70-100 mesh, 100-120 mesh, dan ≥120 mesh were activated with 0.6 M HNO3 solution at 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 of adsorbent : HNO3 ratio while heated at 80 ᵒC for 2 hours. The adsorption process was carried out using variation of adsorbent mass of 1 g, 1,5 g, and 2 g in 50 mL of Palm Oil Mill Effluent at pH 2 and 200 rpm stirring rate, and variation of contact time of 1, 2, 3, 4 , and 5 hours. The study results showed that particle size ≥120 mesh with adsorbent : HNO3 ratio 1:4 produced the highest iodine number of 596,684 mg/g. The best adsorbent mass was 1 g at 2 hours contact time with 56.79% removal percentage for COD. The appropriate kinetics model of the adsorption of COD was the pseudo-second order model with the correlation coefficient of 0.732.

JTK USU Journal Management
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

JTK USU

PENGARUH WAKTU DAN SUHU PEMBAKARAN DALAM PEMBUATAN ABU DARI KULIT BUAH MARKISA SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI Hari Surya Purnama, Herbert, Rondang Tambun
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum of combustion time and temperature of ash production from purple passion fruit peel (Parcilora idollis Sims f edulis Deg.). The experiment was begun to dry passion fruit peel, then combustion to obtaine the ash from passion fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours and burning temperature variables were from 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC, 700 oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume comparison was 1 : 10 for 24 hours. Observed responses were ash content, normality, pH, conductivity and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 5 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 39,95 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

PEMBUATAN PEREKAT LIGNIN RESORSINOL FORMALDEHID DARI NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT Siti Maysarah, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Oil palm empty fruit bunchesn are waste from palm oil mill utilization is still limited. Lignin utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunhes made of natural adhesive manufacture. Making adhesive is carried out in several stages namely the manufacture of powder oil palm empty fruit bunches free extractives, lignin isolation, the manufacture of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium purification lignosulfonate and the manufacture of adhesive. Making the lignin resorcinol formaldehide adhesive is done by differences sodium lignosulfonate : resorcinol : formaldehyde mole ratio are ratio 1:1:1, ratio 1:1:2 and ratio 1:1:3. The results obtained from testing the appearance of the adhesive has a blackish brown color. pH of each ratio is ratio 1:1:1 11,2, ratio 1:1:2 11,4 and ratio 1:1:3 12,0. Adhesive densities are ration 1:1:1 1,2857, ratio 1:1:2 1,2119, and ratio 1:1:3 1,3097. Viscosities are ratio 1:1:1 108,83 cps, ratio 1:1:2 94,31 cps and ratio 1:1:3 129,92 cps. The rest of the evaporation are ratio 1:1:1 50,77%, ratio 1:1:2 42,35% and ratio 1:1:3 41,01%. Test results compared with standard phenol formaldehyde which is SNI 06-4567-1998 liquid phenol formaldehyde and result ratio 1:1:3 the best of another ratio .

PENGARUH SUHU VULKANISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BENTONITE CLAY YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN ALKANOLAMIDA DARI BAHAN BAKU RBDPKO PADA PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM Friska Erdiana Tambunan, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The is research aims to determine the effect of vulcanization temperature and composition of bentonite clay as good filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex product. In this study, we use bentonite clay as filler and alkanolamide as compatibilizer. The material used in this study are high ammonia latex 60%, curative agents such as sulfur, ZnO, ZDEC, AO, KOH, bentonite clay and alkanolamide. Alkanolamide is synthesized from amidation reaction between Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil and diethanolamine. The methodology includes pre-vulcanizing natural rubber latex with certain formulation, then vulcanized using dipping method. The variable used in this study is filler loading, from 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram, and vulcanization time 10 minutes. The products were then tested in order to observe its mechanical properties, FTIR characterization, SEM characterization and crosslink density. The results show that the synthesized alkanolamide possess the functional group desired. Alkanolamide modified bentonite clay loading is capable of increasing crosslink density and mechanical properties of the products. Optimum filler loading is reported on 10 gram and optimum vulcanization at 120oC.

PENGARUH TINGGI TUMPUKAN PADA PENGOMPOSAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK ORGANIK AKTIF DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI DALAM KOMPOSTER MENARA DRUM Chamsa Triyadi, Yosi Rahman, Bambang Trisakti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research aims to determine the composting technique for Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and to collect the degration data during composting of EFB in order to get a high quality compost. The composting process was started with cutting the EFB into four parts before it was put into composter and then followed by the addition of Activated Liquid Organic Fertilizer (ALOF) until the optimum moisture content (MC) of 55-65 % was reached. The parameters of temperature, MC, pH, C/N ratio, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Bacterial Count (BC) and the quality of compost were analyzed through the process. The results of this research showed that the compost were well done in about 10 days and the best degradation during the 40 days of composting was obtained in which value of MC, pH, C, N, C/N ratio, EC, WHC and BC were 79,14%; 8,1; 25,16%;1,20%; 20,97; 4,725 dS/m; 60% and 107 CFU/ml, respectively.

PEMBUATAN ADSORBEN DARI CANGKANG KERANG BULU YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA TERMAL SEBAGAI PENGADSORPSI FENOL Jeffry Haryadi Nasution, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Fur shells adsorbent can be used to adsorp phenol. Adsorption capability of the adsorbent can be enchanced by thermally activation process. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of activation temperature on the characteristics of fur shells adsorbent. Materials that used in this research are fur shells and phenol solution. Observed variables are surface area of adsorbent, density of adsorbent, moisture and fly ash content of adsorbent, and residual concentration of phenol. The research is started by heating fur shells at temperature 1100C, 5000C and 8000C in a furnace. The adsorbents obtained are characterized by using BET metode. The adsorption capability of adsorbents are analized by phenol solution. The residual concentration of phenol is measured with Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results show that surface area of adsorbent, moisture and fly ash content have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI). The phenol adsorption behaviour follows Langmuir Isoterm.

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