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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 349 Documents

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PENGARUH BAHAN PENGISI SILIKA DAN SERBUK TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT (STKS) TERMODIFIKASI TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN DAYA SERAP AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH Halimatuddahliana, Johan Evander Sirait, Fermadi Sirait
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research aims to determine the effect of palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFB) powder and silica into the matrix of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and the influence of chemical modification OPEFB with using acetic acid 50% (v / v). In this study, (UPR) was mixed with silica and OPEFB to weight ratio (UPR: Silica: OPEFB) 80: 20: 0, 80: 15: 5, 80: 10: 10, 80: 5: 15, 80: 0: 20 by hand lay-up method. Analysis was done by impact test, and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that impact strength at a ratio of 80: 5: 15 was higher than those without modification viz. 3622.5 J / m2. In this case the chemical modification has lowered OPEFB polarity so that the interfacial tencion between the filler with a matrix became low resulting in good interfacial interaction and adhesion between matrix and fille. Impact strength values were supported by the results of SEM. From water adsorption test, composite with chemical modification showed low values as compared without modification indicating that modification has lowered the polarity of OPEFB.

EKSTRAKSI ACETOGENIN DARI DAUN DAN BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata L) DENGAN PELARUT ASETON Siswarni MZ, Nurhayani, Suci Damayanti Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Annona muricata L contain bioactive compounds acetogenins. Acetogenins which was synthesized through reaction between polyketide derived-acetic acid with 35-39 carbon atom in fatty acid, is the secondary metabolite of Annonaceae plant. This research aims to determine the variable that influence in leaf and Annona muricata seed extraction so that high yield value can be obtained and to prove the presence of acetogenins compound qualitatively. The materials used are Annona muricata leaves, Annona muricata seeds and aceton. The changing variables in this research is the mass of the samples for Annona muricata leaves powder that are 15 g, 25 g, 35 g and Annona muricata seeds powder that are 10 g, 20 g, 30 g which the extraction time are 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes and 60 minutes. This research divided into two steps. The first step is the extraction of Annona muricata leaves and Annona muricata seeds using soxhletation method with 250 mL acetone for Annona muricata leaves, 200 mL aceton for Annona muricata seeds and extraction temperature is ± 58 oC. The second step is purification of the extract using distillation process. In this research, the highest yield value extract of Annona muricata leaves obtained is 55,33% with 15g mass of sample and 60 minutes for the extraction time. The highest yield value extract of Annona muricata seeds obtained is 62 % with 10 g mass of sample and 40 minutes for the extraction time. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as lactone, THF, hyrdroxyl and aliphatic chains which indicates acetogenins compound’s presence.

PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP VOLUME GAS BIO DAN PENYISIHAN COD DENGAN METODE PERLAKUANAWAL MENGGUNAKAN KALIUMHIDROKSIDA(KOH) PADA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) Setiaty Pandia, Amin Trisnawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alkali pre-treatment methods on the quality and quantity of biogas. The study was doneby fermentation process the water hyacinth with KOH in a concentration of 6,7 M; 4 M;3 M; and 2,95 (M) with water in ratio hyacinth: water 70:30; 50:50; 30:70 and 100:0 (v/v) mixed with cow dung starter in an anaerobic digester batch system of 2,5 L capacity. In this study the highest biogas production at KOH concentration 4 M was in ratio of 50:50 (v/v)with yield biogas volume 449 mL and 86,52% of COD revomal, 92,42% of TSS removal. The lowest biogas production at KOH concentration 6,7 M was in ratio of 70:30 (v/v) with yield biogas volume 132 mL and 86,55% of COD removal and 88,65%of TSS removal.

ISOLASI PROTEIN SELAMA PROSES PENGAMBILAN KITIN DARI KULIT UDANG Kherliyanda Febriani, Fitri Hariani Nurza, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i2.13699

Shrimp is one of the Indonesia fishery commodities with high economic value. The production of shrimp shells is usually 40-45% from crude shrimp. Shrimp shell contain protein, chitin, minerals and carotenoids. It is very potential to be used as materials for isolation of protein.This experiment is to determine factors that effect protein recovery and optimize deproteination processconditions to produce high yield of protein. The design of experiment used response surface methodology. It is 2 steps consist of deproteination and protein extraction process using shrimp shells and KOH solution in comparison 1:10 (w/v). The concentration of KOH are1,3 M; 2 M; 3 M; 4 M; 4,7 M. The reaction temperatures are37 oC; 40 oC; 45 oC; 50 oC; 53 oCand the reaction times are 40 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 140 minutes. Reaction temperature is the main factor influence protein recovery process. The highest protein yield obtained is 64,5826 % with protein content is 86,24% using KOH solution 2,98 M, reaction temperature 45,76 ºC and reaction time 90,51 minute. Economic potential by protein recovery during isolation of chitin from shrimp shells is profitable.

EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI KURMA (Phoenix dactylifera L.) DENGAN METODE SOXHLET EXTRACTION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ETIL ASETAT Taslim, Muhammad Rizky Agung, Sigit Purwanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i2.13721

Date palm seed is one of the waste by-products generated from industrial commodities. Date seed oil can be obtained through solvent extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. In this experiment, date palm seed was used as raw material with ethyl acetate as the solvent. The experiment was carried out by varying extraction time and the mass ratio of date palm seed to solvent. The highest oil concentration of 9.5% was obtained at date palm seed to solvent mass ratio of 1:6 with extraction time of 2 hours. Peroxide value, iodine value, specific gravity, and free fatty acid content of date seed oil were, consecutively, 0.81 meq/kg oil, 10.15 mg/g, 0.80, and 0.52%. The highest fatty acid composition of date seed oil was oleic acid at 37.22% followed by lauric acid at 19.36%.

PENGARUH AGING PADA KEKUATAN TARIK (TENSILE STRENGTH) FILM LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA DAN PENYERASI ALKANOLAMIDA Marfuah Lubis; Nuim Hayat; Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Nanocrystalline cellulose is nano sized filler with high crystallinity and obtanained by hydrolysis of alpha cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Tensile test of natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose and alkanolamide as compatibilizer after aging treatment have been done. Natural rubber latex films were prepared by coagulant dipping method and followed by vulcanization process at temperature 100 oC and 20 minutes. Aging treatment of natural rubber latex films have done at temperature 70 oC for 24 hours. Tensile test result of natural rubber latex filled nanocrystalline cellulose showed the tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film were lower than unaged one. However, tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose modified alkanolamide were higher than unaged film.

PENGARUH AKTIVASI ADSORBEN BIOMASSA TERHADAP GUGUS HIDROKSIL PADA PROSES ADSORPSI ION LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) Abdurrahman, Suhendrayatna, Syahiddin DS
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lead (Pb) is a very popular and widely metal known by public caused by high use in industries and toxid to living organisms. This research was conducted to investigate the absorption process of Pb ion in synthetic wastewater. The observations focused on the absorption performance by an adsorbent from mixture biomass of palm bunches and rice husk activated with citric acid in various concentrations and observed an increase in the wave number bonding hydroxyl group (OH) after activated with citric acid. Kinetics of adsorption occured at wave number 3200-3600 cm-1 which founded very good performance of hydroxyl groups in the absorption process in that IR spectra area. Pb ion absorption was found the best place on the ratio of biomass (palm bunches: rice husk) 1: 1, which occured 56.70% absorption with initial concentration of 80 ppm. Furthermore, it was found that contact time between adsorbent and metal ions Pb affect to the absorption.

PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI Seri Maulina, M Hidayat Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.

PENGARUH PELARUT KLOROFORM DALAM PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN PROSES ASIDIFIKASI ASAM KLORIDA Windi Monica Surbakti, Gerson Rico M.H, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as catalyst, soap, methanol, water, salt, and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) have a significant effect on the glycerol concentration. So, it is necessary to treat the impurities. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of chloroform to glycerol purification process with acidification method using hydrochloric acid as pretreatment process. This research was begun with acid addition to the glycerol to neutralize the base content and to split the soap content into free fatty acid and salt, that are more easily separated from glycerol. Then the process was continued with extraction by the solvent chloroform using the variable of test volume ratio (v/v) (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) and the extraction time (20, 40, and 60 minutes). The results showed that the more volume of solvent used, gave less extraction time to produce high purity of glycerol. The highest purity produced in this study amounted to 90,9082% is obtained at the ratio of the volume solvent (v/v) 1:1 with extraction time 60 minutes.

PENGARUH AERASI PADA FERMENTASI PADAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT OLEH Aspergillus niger TERHADAP PRODUKSI GULA SEDERHANA Himmatun Wisda, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, Sarto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The effects of aeration on production of simple sugars by Aspergillus niger were investigated using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger. Simple sugars can further be fermented to produce bioethanol. OPEFB is renewable cellulosic biomass and largely available in Indonesia. Before being fermented, OPEFB needs to be pretreated. It was done by NaOH 1% solution at 150 ºC for 2 hours. The concentrations simple sugars produced by hydrolysis were analyzed by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). It turned out that the highest concentration of sugars was to be 9,102 g/L, and it was obtained on the 3rd day of fermentation. Some parts of the sugars produced were consumed by Aspergillus niger itself for growth and maintenance. The experiment showed that aeration increased the simple sugars concentration. Modelling of reaction kinetic assumed to hydrolisis process and simple sugar consumed. Simply modelling can describe in quantitative fermentation of OPEFB. Moreover, get parameters value at equation of reaction kinetic.

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