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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 349 Documents

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APLIKASI ELEKTROKOAGULASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Farida Hanum, Rondang Tambun, M. Yusuf Ritonga, William Wardhana Kasim
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia is keep increasing that make the amount of wastewater generated. Technology of anaerobic fixed bed (RANUT) have been developed, but the characteristic of the wastewater effluent of RANUT has not meet the quality standard that required by the goverment especially for COD. Because of that need to make a furhter research about the treatment of palm oil mill from the fixed bed reactor (RANUT) with electrocoagulation technique. Electrocoagulation is a process of coagulation by using a direct current through an electrochemical events are symptoms of electrolyte decomposition. This study aims to determine the effect of voltage on the adapter parameters on the performance of the electrocoagulation system and determine the best time for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Type of electrode material used is aluminum, waste retention time 1 hour, 5 cm distance between the electrodes, a strong current of 5 amperes, voltage variations adapter 3, 4, and 5 volts. The results showed that the best results are obtained at a voltage of 5 volts for COD removal 81.32% with a value 233.5 mg/l at 180 minutes of processing time, it indicates that the processed waste has met quality standards for mill effluent COD is 350 mg/l. The highest turbidity removal percentage is obtained at a voltage of 5 volts and at a time of 180 minutes with the acquisition of 95.08%.

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN MASSA ECENG GONDOK DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SERTA KADAR PEREKAT TAPIOKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET Iriany, Meliza, Firman Abednego S. Sibarani, Irvan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of briquettes including ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, heating value, density, burning rate, tensile strength and to know the proper ratio of water hyacinth and coconut shell mixture under tapioca gluten variation. The ratios of water hyacinth and coconut shell in this research were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variation of tapioca gluten 5%, 10%, and 15% of the raw materials. From this research, the ideal composition of briquette is obtain in a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell at a ratio of 1:4 with tapioca gluten 10%, ash content 9.718%, moisture content 1.374%, volatile matter content 14.814%, heating value 6,879.596 cal/g, density 0.983 g/cm3, burning rate 3.021 × 10-3 g/second and tensile strength 18.400 g/cm2.

PENGARUH KUALITAS BAHAN BAKU DAN RASIO UMPAN TERHADAP PELARUT PADA PROSES PEMURNIAN GARAM DENGAN METODE HIDROEKSTRAKSI BATCH Angela Martina, Judy Retti Witono, Ginajar Karya Pamungkas, Willy
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Nowadays, Indonesia is still relying on the imported salt, especially from Australia to meet the domestic salt demand. Development of salt purification process is still ventured to improve the quality of the salt as well as the efficiency. In this research, salt purification process is done using the hydroextraction method, where the salt crystals are purified using the pure saturated salt solution in a beaker glass. Different classification of salt K1, K2, and K3 are used with F:S ratio is varied by 1:30; 1:35; 1:40; 1:45; and 1:50. The hydroectraction process is stirred at 50 rpm. The quality of the purified salt are determined based on analysis of the levels of NaCl, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The highest NaCl level, 98,89% obtained on the process using K2 salt with F:S ratio is 1:45.

ADSORPSI β-KAROTEN YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF Irvan, Olyvia Putri Wardhani, Nurul Aini, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenoids which gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil. The reddish color in unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon, then the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process were obtained. The main materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were final concentration and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1 : 3; 1 : 4; 1 : 5 and 1 : 6 with mixing speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The sample of CPO and activated carbon was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β–carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher adsorption percentage. Moreover, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95.108% obtained at ratio 1 : 3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0.959. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The value of free energy Gibbs (ΔG) = -24,482.484 ; -24,708.059 and -24,933.634 J/mol for each temperature respectively, value of entropy changes (ΔS) = 22.557 J/mol K, and value of enthalpy changes (ΔH) = -17,421.987 J/mol.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BIJI CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus champeden spreng) Irvan, Ayu Wandira Putri, Sri Ulina Surbakti, Bambang Trisakti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Needs fuel as a source of energy every day is increasing, while the energy reserves of petroleum (fossil) dwindling, therefore, to meet the needs of the fuel it is necessary to develop alternative fuels that are renewable and home environment (renewable ). Etonal Bioethanol is made from plants containing starch, sugar and other plant cellulose. Where in this study using jackfruit seeds that contain high enough carbohydrates as raw materials. This research aims to make bioethanol from cempedak seeds with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis; fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation and condensation. Variables used are changes in the concentration of yeast 3%, 6%, 9% and 2 days, 3 days, 4 days fermentation period. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials is the best starting 12,5 ml/kg with a density of 0.962 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 181.925 kcal/kg, which is the variation of the concentration of 9% and 3 days of fermentation period.

PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN CO-SOLVENT ASETON DAN KATALIS HETEROGEN NATRIUM SILIKAT TERKALSINASI Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga, Mangunsong Ruben Reinhard Giovani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Methyl ester can be produced from vegetable oil or animal oil through transesterification process. The problem that often arises in the transesterification process is the long reaction time because of oil and alcohol are not mutually dissolve and also separation and purification catalysts are difficult to homogeneous catalysts. The addition of co-solvent may assist the mixing of the reactants and the use of heterogeneous catalysts can overcome the problem of homogeneous catalysts. Sunan candlenut oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 9.1517% so it needs to be pretreated by esterification so that the raw material has a 1.0538% FFA. The product from this stage was subjected to produce methylester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables were investigated. The propertiesof methyl ester like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, iodine value, acid value, the content of methyl ester, triglycride(TG), diglyceride(DG) and monoglyceride (MG) was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI) and European strandart (EN). On this work the best yield condition , was obtain by using amount of catalyst 3% at 40oC, for reaction time 30 minute in presence of 20% co-solvent of the 96,1493 yield methyl ester. The result of this work showed that sunan candlenut oli is very suitable as the feedstock of methyl ester.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN INOKULUM, LAMA FERMENTASI DAN PENGADUKAN PADA PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MURNI Jernika Simangunsong, Elisa Febrina, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is coconut oil that processed without heating. This study about fermentation of VCO using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition like stirring times, stirring speeds, fermentation times and concentration of inoculum in the process of making VCO. The variation of stirring speeds are 25 rpm, 50 rpm, 75 rpm, 100 rpm and 125 rpm. Stirring time used was 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 75 minutes. The variation of fermentation times are 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, and 30 hours and variation concentration of inoculum are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. For stirring effects, the highest yield was obtained 24,5% with stirring speed is 50 rpm and stirring time is 30 minutes and the lowest yield was obtained 8,5% with stirring speed is100 rpm and stirring time 75 minutes. For fermentation times and concentration inoculum effets, the highest yield was obtained from this research is 28,25% with addition inoculum is 10% and fermentation times is 24 hours. And the lowest yield is 15% with addition inoculum is 20% and fermentation times is 12 hours. The results of this research for stirring effects showed decreases yield of VCO and for the fermentation time showed increases yield of VCO and concentration inoculum showed no effect for yield of VCO.

PEMBAKARAN PREMIKS UAP MINYAK KELAPA DALAM HELE-SHAW CELL Hadi Saroso
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Coconut oil combustion characteristic is observed experimentally by evaporating oil in the boiler then mix it with air before being burned at various equivalence ratios in the Hele-shaw cell. The result shows that, coconut oil tends to break into glycerol and fatty acid due to hydrolysis reaction producing the flame propagation, where the fatty acid flame propagates first then glycerol flame. Micro-explosion occurs when moisture from fatty acid combustion is absorbed by glycerol, and higher heating due to higher flame speed produces more micro-explosion.

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) MENGGUNAKAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meilani M Manurung, Gusti Handayani, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i4.12716

Bioethanol was an alcohol substance which can be obtained by biomass fermentation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agitation and volume of starter on yield and concentration of bioethanol produced from palm juice (Arenga pinnata Merr). Catalyst used was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Observed variables were agitation and volume of starter in anaerobic fermentation. The experiment started with preparation of a starter followed by fermentation process. The product obtained from distillation process at temperature of 88 °C. The results showed that the higher agitation speed and volume of starter, yield and concentration of bioethanol will be higher. The highest concentration and yield obtained on the condition at a agitation of 100 rpm and 35% starter amounted to 47.618% (v/v) and 48.1411%. If it exceed that point, the changes of agitation and the addition of starter did not increase the concentration and yield of ethanol produced.

DESORPSI β-KAROTEN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DARI KARBON AKTIF MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL Nurul Aini, Olyvia Putri Wardhani, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The aim of the research is to study the ability of isopropyl alcohol in the desorption of β-carotene and to obtain kinetic model and desorption isoterm which is suitable in β-carotene desorption. The main material used were isopropyl alcohol and activated carbon containing β-carotene. The variabels used in this research are desorption temperature, activated carbon concentration and parameter observed is concentration of β-carotene in isopropyl alcohol. In the desorption process, activated carbon which adsorp β-carotene was soaked in isopropyl alcohol. To review the desorption kinetics, this research was carried out in various temperature such as 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC. In desorption isoterm process is, various mass of activated carbon was used. Desorption process will be analyzed at spesified time. This research used the first order of desorption kinetics model. The desorption constant rate obtained for 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC are 0,013, 0,014, and 0,036 minute-1 with activation energy is 0,226 kkal/mol. The maximum desorption percentage obtain is 41,94 %. The desorption isoterm model which fit with the β-carotene desorption was Langmuir isoterm model with constanta value 1,2077 L/mg and -0,2218.

Page 16 of 35 | Total Record : 349

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