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Articles 349 Documents

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PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA, NATRIUM MONOKLOROASETAT, TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI Saputri Ayuningtiyas, Feni Dwi Desiyana, Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a derivative cellulose which is soluble an in water (hydrophilic colloid). This material effective to bind water to provide a uniform texture and increase viscosity. The aim of this study is to utilize banana peel as a raw material to synthesis CMC and determine the best conditions in the process of synthesis CMC from banana peel. The materials used were banana peel, water, aquades, NaOH, Natirum monochloroacetat and glacial acetic acid. The variables in this study were NaOH concentration, natirum monochloroacetat mass, temperature and reaction time. In this research consists of four stages there are preparation of raw materials, alkalization, carboxymethylation, and neutralization. The results of this research shows the variatioon NaOH concentration 20% and temperature of 45oC degree, mol rasio of cellulose:sodium monochloroacetat 1:1,6 with a reaction time of 120 minutes obtained the highest substitution degree of 0,73-0.812. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-0, CH2 and 1,4 β-glycoside function groups known to have the same function groups as the commercial carboxymethyl cellulose.

EFEK TEKANAN PADA PERFORMANSI PEMANAS AIR TENAGA SURYA SISTEM PIPA PANAS DENGAN FLUIDA KERJA R718 Himsar Ambarita
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this work a heat pipe type solar water heater using R178 as a refrigerant is studied experimentally. The objective is to investigate the effect of initial vacuum pressure on the performance of the solar water heater. An experimental apparatus that consists of three difference solar water heaters has been designed and fabricated. The heat pipe is filled with R178 and vacuumed at an initial pressure. The pressure is varied from 35 cm Hg, 40 cm Hg, and 45 cm Hg. The experimental apparatus is tested by exposing to solar irradiance in Medan city of Indonesia. The experiments are carried out for three different days. The averaged solar intensity at the first, second and third experiments are 497.76 W/m2, 405.27 W/m2, and 333.83 W/m2, respectively. The results show that maximum temperature of the hot water varies from 51.14oC and 62.22oC. In the first experiment, thermal efficiency of the solar water heater at initial vacuum pressure 35 cm Hg, 40 cm Hg, and 45 cm Hg are 30,94%, 32,01% and 34,38%, respectively. The similar trends are also shown in the second and third experiments. These facts suggest that R178 can be used as a refrigerant in a heat pipe solar water heater with a good performance. The higher vacuum initial pressure of the heat pipe results in higher thermal efficiency. The higest thermal efficiency of the present study is 45.92%. It occurs at initial pressure and average irridiance of 45 cm Hg and 333.83W/m2.

MODEL KINETIKA EKSTRAKSI FLAVONOID DARI BAYAM MERAH (Alternanthera amoena voss) Iriany, Irsa Septiawan, Salwa Jody Gustia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Red spinach (Alternanthera amoena voss) contains vitamins, protein, and flavonoids. Flavonoid is polyphenol compounds having properties as a free radical catcher.The purpose of this research is to obtain the kinetic rate of flavonoid mass transfer from red spinach.Extraction is one of the way to take flavonoids contained in solids with the assist of solvents. Mass transfer in liquid solid extraction occurs by diffusion. The determination of mass transfer coefficient (KC) is to conduct the rate of mass transfer of flavonoids from solids. In this study, the effect of temperature on the extraction of flavonoids from red spinach with water solvent is observed. The temperatures extraction in this research are of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C respectively. Determinationof total flavonoid, mass transfer coefficient, and antioxidant activity carried out using FT-IR Spectrophotometry and UV-VIS Spectrophotometry. This study concluded that the increase in extraction time and temperature will increase the total content of flavonoids and extract rendement.Mass transfer coefficient equation in this study is K = 3078645 . Antioxidants in red spinach are included in the group of very strong antioxidants.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TRACE METAL (MOLYBDENUM & SELENIUM) TERHADAP PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN KOTORAN SAPI Fatimah, Grace Angelin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Trace metal are essential for the enzyme cofactors in methane formation, but its availability of natural is not enough so that the necessary additional trace metal. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of addition Molybdenum (Mo) and Selenium (Se) as trace metal on the quality and quantity of biogas in anaerobic digesters. The study was carried out by mixing vegetables wastes, aquadest and cow manure that have been in a blender and then have been fermented for 30 days in variety of addition of trace metal Mo 10 mg/L, Se 10 mg/L and a mixture of Mo + Se 10 mg/L in an reactor batch of 4 L capacity. Operation in digesters, pH was maintained in range (6.5 – 8) and at temperature 25 – 30 oC. This research parameters that observed were volume biogas, pH, temperature, TS and VS. The highest of volume cumulative biogasin this experiment 630 ml are formed Mo + Se, with degradation average TS 26.69 % and VS 17.18 %.

SINTESIS PALMITOIL DAN LAUROIL ETANOLAMIDA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI Muhammad Ashari, Nur Annisa, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is a type of widely used nonionic surfactant for various purposes. In this study, we observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant from palmitic acid and lauroyl ethanolamide from lauric acid with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted using amidation reaction at temperature variation of 55oC, 65oC, 75oC, 85oC and 95oC, reaction time variation of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours, mole substrate ratio at 1:10, solvent ratio at 2: 1 (v / b), catalyst concentration 5% (w/w), and stirring rate at 250 rpm. Then the product was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant was obtained at 55 oC and temperature 65 oC to synthesis lauroyl ethanolamide surfactant at reaction time of 3 hours for both of them.

PEMBUATAN ADSORBEN DARI KULIT BATANG JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) UNTUK MENJERAP LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN NIKEL (Ni) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM Setiaty Pandia, Muhammad Ferdiyansyah, Febri Maihendra
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research aims to study the effect of adsorption time, adsorption temperature, pH, and the ratio of raw materials with nitric acid in the manufacture of bark guava adsorbent in reducing the metals content of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) in the metal wastewater industry. Materials used include, among others, industrial metal coating wastes, guava stem bark, nitric acid, and aquadest. Initially the bark of guava stalk was cleansed and mashed 70-80 size, then activated with 4 N nitric acid (HNO3) solution with a variation in the ratio of bark the guava : nitric acid is 1:1; 1:2; and 1;3 g/mL were heated at 80oC for 120 minutes. The adsorbent is then dried in the oven at 110oC for 120 minutes. Adsorbent with the highest iodine number analysis results was used in the adsorption process of Cu (II) Ni(II) metals, wherein the adsorbent mass used was 2 grams in 150 ml of metallic industry liquid waste, 70 rpm stirrer speed, variation of adsorption times are 60, 90, and 120 minutes, variation of adsorption temperatures are 35oC, 45oC, and 55oC, and variation of adsorption pH are 2, 7, and 12. The result showed that the ratio of bark of guava stem: the best nitric acid was 1: 3 g/mL with iodine number of 313,020 mg/g. Based on Liquid Waste Quality Standard for Industrial Activity (KepMen LH 51/1995), the copper and nickel content in liquid waste should not exceed 3 mg/L and 3 mg/L for metal coating industry. From the results of adsorption process that has been done, got the optimum condition of adsorption of copper metal that is at 60 minutes, temperature 35oC, and pH 7 and obtained the efficiency of adsorption equal to 69,1540%, and nickel metal that is at 60 minutes, temperature 35oC, and pH 7and obtained the efficiency of adsorption equal to 75,1700%, where the result of adsorption the Cu2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are 2,8077 mg/L and 4,1100 mg/L.

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca Zalacca) DENGAN PROSES FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN UAP DENGAN PEMANAS MICROWAVE Indah Sari, Uchi Inda Purnamasari, M. Turmuzi Lubis
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study aimed to determine the best adsorption capacity, compounds contained in activated carbon and burn off that produced. In this study, activated carbon have been prepared from the bark of Salacca zalacca by physically activating using a microwave. The 70 gram bark of Salacca zalaccawas pyrolised in a furnace with flowing gas N2 with temperature 500 oC for 120 minutes followed by microwave activation at 2450 MHz with power 600 W, 800 W and 1000 W for 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. The results showed the best burn off on microwave power 1000 W with 60 minutes activation time of 90,25%. The best activated carbon adsorption capacity at 800 W microwave power for 20 minutes is 19,96 mg/g. The best allowanced percentage at 800 W microwave power with 20 minutes activation time is 99,82%. Characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FITR) showed the presence of C=O (carbonyl) bonds indicating the presence of carbon-active substances. After pyrolysis forms a C≡C (Alkuna) bond which indicated more carbon was produced. This is supported by the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) showing the surface morphology of rough and irregular activated carbon and the amount of carbon and oxide content on activated carbon of 44,44% and 28,54% sequentially.

KENDALI SISTEM BIOREAKTOR KONTINYU Rudy Agustriyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Tujuan dalam industri bioproses umumnya adalah memaksimalkan pertumbuhan mikroba dan / atau produksi beberapa senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Untuk mencapai hal ini dengan cara yang efisien, maka diperlukan untuk menjaga lingkungan yang sesuai untuk mikroorganisme setiap saat. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan algoritma kendali PI (Proporsional integral) dan PID (Proporsional Integral Derivative) untuk suatu sistem bioproses. Kriteria Bode kemudian diterapkan untuk memeriksa kestabilan sistem diikuti dengan penentuan parameter pengendali menggunakan metode TLC (Tyreus-Luyben). Hasil simulasi lintas tertutup menunjukkan kinerja pengendalian yang dapat diterima.

SINTESIS STEARAMIDA DARI ASAM STEARAT DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI Muhammad Syukri, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Stearamide is one kind of surfactant non-ionic which has used on any aplication. This study aims to know about optimum of temperature and time on synthesis of stearamide from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride in mixed solvent. This study will be observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of stearamide surfactant from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted at temperature of 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C and 95°C, reaction time of 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr, 6 hr, 7 hr and 8 hr, substrate molar ratio at 1:6 (w/w), solvent ratio at 2:1 (v/v), weight of catalyst 3% (%w), and stirring speed at 250 rpm. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis stearamide surfactant was obtained at 85 oC and reaction time at 3 hours.

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA (Cocos Nucifera L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST Gilang Ramadhan, Lilis Sukeksi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this research, the combustion process was performed conventionally by burning the dried coconut peel of 10 kg in a covered combustion barrel, equipped with a gauge thermometer and having been perforated for the oxygen entrance space for 3 hours with a combustion temperature ranging 500oC and produced ash of coconut peel as much as 1 kg. Extraction was performed by mixing biphasic system between coconut peel ash and aquadest solvent at stirring rate of 250 rpm, variation of time are 40 minutes, 80 minutes, 120 minutes, and 160 minutes with temperatures of 60oC and 80oC. Ash mass ratio: solvent are 5:50, 10:50, 15:50, and 20:50. Results showed that the geater the mass, temperature and extraction time, the higher concentration and pH of alkali extract will be obtained. The concentration and pH of the highest alkali extract were obtained at the ratio of the ash mass: the solvent was 20:50 for the extraction time of 160 minutes at a temperature of 80°C those are 0.775 N and 13.

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