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Articles 349 Documents

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EKSTRAKSI KUERSETIN DARI KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum Cav.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL DENGAN METODE MASERASI DAN SOKLETASI Siswarni MZ; Yusrina Ika Putri; Rizka Rinda Pramasti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The tamarillo peels (Solanum betaceum Cav.) contain flavonoid compounds, quercetin that can serve as antioxidant. This research aims to determine the best condition of operation in tamarillo peels extraction process to obtain the high yield value, and to prove the presence of antioxidant activity quantitatively. The materials used this research are tamarillo peels and ethanol. The independent variables in this research were the concentration of etanol which were 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% for maceration, and 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% for soxhletation. The extraction time are 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days for maceration and 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours for soxhletation. Extraction is done by maceration and soxhletation. The results of the qualitative analysis using FTIR represent the presence of functional groups such as keton, arylether, hydroxyl and aromatic rings which indicates quercetin compound’s presence. In quantitative analysis used Spectrofotometry UV-Vis, with the variation of 99% solvent concentration and 5 hours of extraction time for soxhletation, the highest yield value obtained 0,0877 mg/g. The variation of 80% solvent concentration and 5 days of extraction time for maceration, the highest yield value obtained 0,0705 mg/g

ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR Farida Hanum, Rikardo Jgst Gultom, Maradona Simanjuntak
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.16827

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on absorption intensity wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine absorbance and final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

PEMBUATAN BIOSORBEN DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) UNTUK PENYERAPAN ZAT WARNA Siswarni MZ, Lara Indra Ranita, Dandri Safitri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i2.17044

Biosorbent is a material that has a pore - pore lot, where the adsorption process can take place on the pore walls or occur in certain regions of the particles. Preparation from papaya seeds biosorbent using H2SO4 as an activator, and then used as a textile dye absorption, namely methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions in the manufacturing biosorbent from papaya seeds. Analysis is iodine number, surface area, and test the ability of sarap to dyes (methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red). In the manufacture biosorbent of this papaya seeds, the method used is chemical activation process. This study uses papaya seeds as raw material and sulfuric acid as an activator. The concentration of sulfuric acid used 5%, 7%, 10% and the drying time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. Biosorbent mass of 0.5 g (2.5% of 20 ml), 1.0 g (5% of 20 ml) and 1.5 g (7.5% of 20 ml) with adsorption time of 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes for the absorption of the dye. The results showed the highest iodine gained 482.22 mg / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10% and the highest surface area was obtained 33.43556 m2 / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10%. The analysis results of the adsorption capacity for methyl violet dye that is 9.547 mg / g on biosorbent mass of 1.0 g and the adsorption time of 40 minutes..

KARAKTERISTIK KARBON AKTIF DARI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR NATRIUM KARBONAT (Na2CO3) DAN NATRIUM KLORIDA (NaCl) Gewa Handika, Seri Maulina, Vidyanova Anggun Mentari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Oil palm tree can produce 22 oil palm frond / year, the average weight of frond per rod reaches 2.2 kg, so that each hectare can produce fresh frond about 9 tons / year or equivalent to 1.64 tons / year of dry matter. Activated carbon can be used as a good absorbent agent for gas purification process and removal of organic pollutants from water, such as in liquid waste. The objective of this paper is to know the different characteristics of activated carbon from oil palm frond (elaeis guineensis jacq) as raw material with variation of activator sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The activator concentration used is 10% each with an activation temperature of 600 ° C. The quality of activated carbons was analyzed by surface active carbon morphology and FTIR spectra analysis on activated carbon. The result of identification with FTIR spectrophotometer showed that the activated carbon in this study contained the functional groups of O-H, C = O, C = C, C-C, and C-H.

KINERJA MIKROBA Zymomonas mobilis DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNTUK MENGURAIKAN HIDROLISAT TONGKOL JAGUNG MENJADI BIOETANOL DENGAN PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN RASIO PENAMBAHAN MIKROBA Fatimah, Deralisa Ginting, Veronica Sirait
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Bioethanol from biomass is one of energy which has a potential as alternative fuel. Bioethanol can be produced by using fungi or bacteria. The research was about the performance of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to change corn cobs hydrolyzate into bioethanol by adding microbes to the influence of time and ratio of fermentation had been done. The hydrolyzate were decomposition of corn cobs using Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this study was to know the conversion of hydrolysis of corn cobs into bioethanol with variation time of fermentation (1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days) and rate of adding microbes (Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae = 1:1; 1:2 and 2:1) (v/v). The glucose from corn cobs hydrolyzate was 5,869 g/ml. Fermentation wass carried out at 25 0C. Bioethanol which obtained from this study was investigated using gas chromatography. The optimum bioethanol yield was equal to 6,31% by using Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2:1) and at the 3 days fermentation time.

PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR PADA PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT Frist Silia, Seri Maulina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm plantations in Indonesia began to grow rapidly since the early 80s. The area of Indonesia's oil palm in 2013 was 10.4 million ha and increased 4.69% annually. The production of palm midrib was about 22 midribs per tree per year with the weight of midrib meat ranging from 2.2 kg. The palm midrib is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and time of pyrolysis on the yield and quality of liquid smoke produced. The pyrolysis process of fractured palm was performed at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. The results indicated that the yield of liquid smoke tends to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and tends to increase with increasing pyrolysis time in which the difficult condensed gas production increases with increasing temperature and time of pyrolysis. The highest yield of liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature of 150 OC with pyrolysis time 120 minutes that is equal to 43.47%. In this study, obtained the best results for a pH value of 3.1 is done at process temperatures of 250 ° C with processing time 60 minutes

OPTIMASI SINTESIS BIOSURFAKTAN LAURIL AMIDA DARI ASAM LAURAT DAN DIETANOLAMINA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT HEXANE DAN ENZIM LIPASE TERIMOBILISASI Denny Samuel Silaen, Tjahjono Herawan,Zuhrina Masyithah, Hiskia Arapenta Ginting
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lauril amide is one of nonionic surfactant and has potency to become an ecofriendly surfactant. The main problem on lauril amide synthesis is the low conversion of lauric acid. Optimation of lauril amide synthesis is done with three variabels which give influence of amidation reaction. One stage amidation was done by reacting lauric acid with diethanolamine using catalyst Novozyme 435® with substrate ratio lauric acid:diethanolamine 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 4:1; 5:1, amount of catalyst 1,8; 4; 7; 10; 11,8% from lauric acid total amount, solvent ratio 0; 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 4:1 from lauric acid total amount and reacted for 24 hours with temperature reaction 55oC and 500 rpm. Product is separated from catalyst using filtration method and then purified by washing with acetone and heated at temperature of 90 oC to remove solvent. Product has been analyzed with acid value to obtained percent conversion of lauril amide, determine of Hydrophilic Liphophilic Balance value, spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared and determine of critical micelle concentrasion. Percent conversion optimum has obtained 86,16% at condition substrate ratio 1:1, enzyme concentration Novozyme 435® 7% and solvent ratio 2:1. Analysis result of lauril amide surfactant gave the hidrophile liphophile balance value about 11,93, it means that lauril amide surfactant can be used as emultion oil in water.

PENGARUH MASSA KATALIS DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN K2O DARI LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO Jefry R Turnip, Trio F. L. Tarigan, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Waste cooking oil is a waste oil that comes from many types of cooking oils such as corn oil, vegetable oil, ect. The purpose of this research is to waste cooking oil as a raw material to form biodiesel with K2O as the solid catalyst from cocoa pod ash (CPA) which is calcined on temperature 650 oC within 4 hours. This oil contains a high level of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) that is 3.13%. Therefore, pretreatment should be done by using activated carbon (1% w/w) to reduce levels of FFA. The research will be observed the effect of reaction time and the mass of catalyst. The characteristics of biodiesel is analyzed according to the levels of methyl ester in biodiesel, density, and viscosity based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The best conditions of biodiesel are obtained with the amount of catalyst is 6% (w/w) that is calcined at 650 °C, reaction time 180 minutes, ratio mol of alcohol : oil is 12: 1, and 65 oC reaction of temperature, resulting the purity and yield of biodiesel is 99,8% and 92,68%. The results of this research indicates that the use of waste cooking as a raw material is suitable in the manufacture of biodiesel.

LEACHING KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT COKLAT (Theobroma cacao L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AIR Lilis Sukeksi, Rizka Dwi Hidayati, Aulia Bismar Paduana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Recently much attention has been dedicated to generate of useful chemicals from biomass, such as potassium alkali from cacao husk. This potassium can be used as sources of alkali for soap manufacturing. The cacao husks were treated by leaching using water as a solvent to produce alkali potash. First step, the cacao husks and then were dried at 105 ºC for 24 hours. The dried of cacao husk was crashed using ball mill and resulting husk powder were burned in a furnace at 600 ºC for 6 hours and resulting the husk ash powder. The husk ash powder mass variables used in this leaching process were 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g and the leaching time variables were 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Meanwhile the leaching temperature variables were 45 ºC, 55 ºC and 65 ºC. The best temperature condition in this process was 65 ºC and leaching time 60 minutes, with the result of potash concentration was 1,01 N and the amount of potash as a potassium hydroxide is 39,91% was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscop (AAS).

PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT Seri Maulina, Feni Sari Putri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm plantation produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.

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