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"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development "
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28299590     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development (ISSN Online 2829-9590 ISSN Print 2829-9582) is an open access double-blind peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang and managed by Conservation Studies Center Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang and Environmental and Forestry Law Clinic.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025" : 6 Documents clear
The Potential of Criminal Sanctions in Indonesia’s Spatial Planning Law from a Sustainable Development Perspective Aprila Niravita; Masyhar, Ali; Rodiyah, Rodiyah; Suhadi, Suhadi; Chhachhar, Varun; Adymas Hikal Fikri, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.19096

Abstract

This study examines the role of criminal law in curbing unlawful land-use practices in Indone-sia's broader spatial-planning framework. Its primary interest lies not only in asking whether the threat of criminal enforcement deters potential offenders but also in investigating whether those who violate the rules receive sanctions that are credible, consistent, and sufficiently severe. Employing a normative legal methodology, the author examines statutory texts, cornerstone legal principles, and leading judicial opinions, deftly navigating between major codes and significant academic commentary. The analysis shows that although sanctions appear to be codified, they operate with limited force in the real world because of vague language, poorly trained investigators, and an enduring pattern within government agencies to rely on softer administrative fines before resorting to stricter penalties. On that ground, the paper insists that criminal tools must still act as an ultimum remedium if Indonesia hopes to defend the rule of law and head toward truly sustainable land management. To make the system stronger, the author(s) calls on lawmakers to clarify enforcement paths, improve coordination between ministries, and fund training for the officers who face spatial violations day after day.  
Impossibility of Performance in Environmental Contracts: A Case Study of the Merapi Volcano Eruption and Its Impact on Contractual Obligations Admiral, Admiral; Adinda, Fadhel Arjuna; Hamzah , Rosyidi; Maisa, Maisa; Arifin, Ridwan
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.21910

Abstract

This paper examines the application of the doctrine of impossibility of performance in the context of environmental contracts in Indonesia, using the 2010 Merapi volcano eruption as a case study. The eruption, one of the most significant in recent decades, caused widespread destruction to infrastructure, agriculture, and local communities in Central Java. The paper investigates how businesses and government entities, bound by contractual obligations related to the affected regions—particularly in agriculture, tourism, and infrastructure—dealt with their inability to fulfill performance due to the eruption’s catastrophic consequences. Through an analysis of specific contracts and the invocation of force majeure and impossibility of performance clauses, this research seeks to understand how these legal doctrines were applied or misapplied, and whether they provided adequate relief or recourse for affected parties. The paper also explores the balance between contractual freedom and public interest in the face of natural disasters, considering the impact on long-term environmental recovery and business continuity. By analyzing case studies from key industries such as agriculture and tourism, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how environmental disasters challenge the enforcement of contractual obligations. It offers recommendations for adapting  Indonesian contract law to better address environmental risks and unforeseen natural events, ensuring more robust protections for businesses and affected communities. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on improving the resilience of environmental contracts in the face of unpredictable natural phenomena.
Education for Sustainable Development in Morocco: An Analytical Study in Light of the Indonesian Experience EL HADRI, Mohamed; AIT AGHZZAF, Ahmed; CHERAI, Bouamama; LAHLALI, Abdelouahed
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.23745

Abstract

In recent decades, sustainable development  has drawn worldwide attention as economic, social, and environmental challenges grow. Education plays a key role in equipping individuals with the knowledge, values, and skills necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study  examines the current state of education for sustainable development in Morocco and compares it with Indonesia's recognized successes. We used a mixed-method approach: a systematic literature review focused on three aspects - (1) integrating sustainable development concepts into school curricula, (2) the role of educational institutions in promoting sustainability, and (3) awareness among teachers and students about the SDGs. Findings reveal gaps in the Moroccan education system’s application of sustainable development principles compared to Indonesia, particularly showing Morocco lags behind Indonesia in curriculum content, teacher preparedness, and institutional strategy. The study offers recommendations to improve curricula,  raise teacher capacity, and strengthen institutions aiming to  create a Moroccan model  aligned with international best practices. Education equips people with the knowledge, values, and skills needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines education for sustainable development in Morocco and compares it with Indonesia's recognized successes. We used a mixed-method approach: a systematic literature review focused on three aspects—(1) integrating sustainable development concepts into school curricula, (2) how educational institutions promote sustainability, and (3) awareness among teachers and students about the SDGs. Findings show Morocco lags behind Indonesia in curriculum content, teacher preparedness, and institutional strategy. The study offers recommendations to improve curricula, raise teacher capacity, and strengthen institutions, aiming to create a Moroccan model aligned with international best practices.
Implementing International Soft Law Commitments on Wastewater Management in Vietnam: Evaluation and Lessons Learned Vu, Hai Dang; Pham Thi, Gam; Nguyen Thi, Xuan Son; Le Thi, Anh Dao; Nguyen, Tien Vinh
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.25412

Abstract

The main global commitments on the prevention of land-based pollution in general and on the prevention of land-based wastewater pollution in particular are found in soft law instruments. This article examines international soft law commitments on the prevention, reduction and elimination of land-based wastewater pollution and how Vietnam has implemented them in its national law. From this analysis, a number of lessons would be extracted for other countries in terms of implementing international soft law commitments.
Integrating Spatial Risk Mapping and Environmental Law for Drought Adaptation in Grobogan, Indonesia Tjahjono, Heri; Hanafi, Fahrudin; Kalyana Putri, Enda; bin Nayan, Nasir; Afrilianto, Adit
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.34306

Abstract

This research investigates drought risk in Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province, by linking spatial evidence, social capacity, and legal frameworks to the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A hazard–vulnerability–capacity approach, grounded in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), is combined with surveys, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and policy analysis. The study generates a risk map identifying priority subdistricts for intervention. Findings indicate fragmented capacity and institutional arrangements across regions, which undermine the effectiveness of drought response. Regulatory analysis reveals implementation gaps between national legal provisions on water resource and disaster management and their operationalization at the regional and village levels. A Comparative analysis of water resource management practices in Malaysia identifies opportunities to harmonize policies and legal instruments, thereby facilitating the translation of spatial findings into actionable local policies. Policy recommendations include strengthening local regulations (Perda) for emergency water allocation, integrating risk maps into the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and village development plans, operationalizing community-based early warning systems (EWS), and establishing hybrid financing mechanisms (APBD–APBDes–grants) for water conservation infrastructure. The primary contribution is the demonstration of integrating spatial analysis and legal studies to inform drought adaptation policies that support SDG indicators, particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Implementation recommendations encompass measurable monitoring indicators, local capacity-building, periodic evaluations, cross-sector collaboration, and transparent public reporting.
Illegal Nickel Mining in Protected Forests: Challenges in Whistleblower and Justice Collaborator Protection in Indonesia Utari, Indah Sri; Maskur, Muhammad Azil; Sumardiana, Benny; Ramada, Diandra Preludio; Alias, Nizamuddin
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i2.38220

Abstract

The systematic destruction of Indonesia’s Protected Forests—particularly in Southeast and Central Sulawesi—driven by illegal nickel mining operations poses an acute challenge to environmental rule of law. Utilizing data from recent cases (2023–2025) involving large-scale violations, such as those reported in the Mandiodo Block, this article critically assesses the effectiveness of existing legal mechanisms in protecting and utilizing key informants: the Corporate Whistleblower (WB) and the Justice Collaborator (JC). The analysis finds a significant gap between the legal mandate for protection and its implementation. Although Law No. 32/2009 (PPLH Law) guarantees identity confidentiality (Article 112), its utility is undermined by evidence of frequent retaliation against WBs—including job termination and counter-criminalization—by powerful corporate entities implicated in illegal nickel activities. Furthermore, the application of Law No. 31/2014 (LPSK Law) to grant JC status is often hindered by the reluctance of the judiciary to offer substantial sentencing concessions for environmental crimes, unlike in corruption cases. This reluctance limits the incentive for internal perpetrators to expose the Beneficial Owners who orchestrate the destruction of protected forest areas (e.g., the reported illegal clearing of hundreds of hectares for nickel ore extraction). This study concludes that the failure to establish robust, integrated legal immunity and sufficient sentencing differentiation for WBs and JCs transforms these protective instruments from effective crime-fighting tools into mere theoretical provisions. To successfully dismantle the complex, high-value chain of illegal nickel mining, the article recommends establishing a Specialized Penal Policy that standardizes the granting of JC status in environmental crimes, ensuring maximum physical and professional protection by the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), and mandating its consideration for reduced sentencing to effectively breach the corporate veil.

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